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INFERÊNCIA DO ESFORÇO COGNITIVO DESPENDIDO EM ATIVIDADES HUMANAS A PARTIR DE UM SISTEMA SENSÍVEL AO CONTEXTO / INFERENCE OF THE COGNITIVEWORKLOAD SPENT DURING HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN A CONTEXT-AWARE SYSTEMAzevedo, Bruno Romero de 03 August 2015 (has links)
There are different reasons that may collaborate for a human activity to result in damages
in one s physical health. Generally, they characterize risk situations that can be avoided, if
identified. One of these risks is related to the skill level that a person has to process information,
react to his surroundings and make decisions in order to perform an activity, which is determined
by the allocation of the mental resources demanded by the activity for its execution. When this
allocation is inappropriate, there is a higher possibility for some kind of accident related to
the activity to happen due to cognitive overload. This way, it is proposed the development
of a model for the inference of such cognitive workload based on models from psychology,
especially the skill-rule-knowledge model, concepts from ubiquitous computing and different
techniques for the measurement of the cognitive workload. This dissertation is a part of the
project Activity Project, which aims to develop a context-aware middleware for the inference
and prediction of risks in activities. / Existem diferentes motivos que podem colaborar para que uma atividade humana resulte
em danos à saúde física de um indivíduo. De modo geral, eles caracterizam situações de
risco que podem ser evitadas, caso identificadas. Um destes motivos diz respeito ao nível da
habilidade de uma pessoa em processar informações, reagir ao seus arredores e tomar decisões
para a realização de uma atividade, o qual é determinado pela alocação de recursos mentais
demandados por ela para a sua execução. Quando esta alocação é inadequada, há uma maior
possibilidade de que algum tipo de acidente relacionado à atividade ocorra devido à sobrecarga
cognitiva. Dessa forma, propõe-se o desenvolvimento de um modelo para a inferência deste
esforço cognitivo a partir de modelos da psicologia, em especial o modelo comportamental
habilidade-regra-conhecimento, conceitos da computação ubíqua e de diferentes técnicas para
o mensuramento do esforço cognitivo. Testes foram realizados em um dataset público e os resultados
obtidos demonstram ser viável a inferência do esforço cognitivo de forma não-intrusiva
em um sistema ubíquo a partir da análise do desempenho do indivíduo. Esta dissertação é parte
integrante do projeto Activity Project, o qual visa desenvolver um middleware sensível ao contexto
para a inferência e predição do risco em atividades.
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Совершенствование учетно-аналитического обеспечения в управленческой деятельности на строительных предприятиях : магистерская диссертация / Improvement of accounting and analytical support to management in construction companiesОсипова, А. Г., Osipova, A. G. January 2017 (has links)
В сложившейся экономической ситуации организации строительной отрасли резко нуждаются в проведении работы по разработке методических рекомендаций по организации управленческого учета.
Системообразующим и неотъемлемым элементом управленческого учёта является управленческая отчётность.
Однако в настоящее время не существует каких-либо специальных отраслевых методических рекомендаций по организации управленческого учета в фирмах строительной отрасли, а также какой- либо универсальной модели управленческой отчётности.
Необходимо сформировать новый подход к механизму формирования управленческого учёта исходя из цели организации эффективно¬го функционирования деятельности строительной фирмы.
Данная проблема для строительства довольно значима, и в настоящее время необходимо постоянно совершенствовать отдельные элементы учетно-аналитической системы, основу которой составляет управленческий учёт. / Drastically need to work on the development of methodological recommendations on the organization of management accounting. The backbone and an integral element of management accounting is management accounting. However, at present there are no industry-specific methodical recommendations on the organization of management accounting in companies of the construction industry, as well as any universal model of management reporting. It is necessary to create a new approach to the mechanism of formation of management accounting based on the goals of the organization and effective functioning of the activities of the construction company. The problem for construction is quite important and currently it is necessary to continuously improve the individual elements of accounting and analytical system, which is based on management accounting.
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