published_or_final_version / Applied Geosciences / Master / Master of Science

by Lam Kang Hung, Roger. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 63). / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.iii / List of Tables --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.vi / Acknowledgements --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter I --- --- Introduction --- p.1 / Scope --- p.1-2 / Chapter Chapter II--- --- Methodology --- p.3 / Chapter Chapter III--- --- What Is Risk Management --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter IV --- --- What Is Interest Risk Management --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter V --- --- Importance Of Interest Rate Risk Management --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter VI --- --- Techniques Used In Interest Rate Risk Management --- p.10 / Gap Analysis --- p.10 / Limitations --- p.12 / Duration Analysis --- p.13 / Limitations --- p.15 / Simulation Analysis --- p.16 / Limitations --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter VII --- --- Treasury Tools Available --- p.18 / Interest Rate Swap --- p.18 / Futures Markets --- p.22 / Forward Rate Agreements --- p.25 / Options Markets --- p.27 / Exchange Traded Versus Over The Counter Options --- p.31 / Interest Rate Cap --- p.32 / Interest Rate Floor --- p.34 / Interest Rate Collar --- p.35 / Interest Rate Swaptions --- p.38 / Synthetic Products --- p.38 / Chapter 1. --- Asset Swaps --- p.38 / Chapter 2. --- Equity Swaps --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter VIII --- --- Hedging Strategies --- p.40 / Strategy 1: Remain Unhedged --- p.40 / Strategy 2: Interest Rate Swaps --- p.40 / Strategy 3: Interest Rate Caps --- p.41 / Strategy 4: Interest Rate Collars --- p.41 / Strategy 5: Interest Rate Swaptions --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter IX --- --- Risk Management In M.T.R. and K.C.R --- p.45 / Mass Transit Railway Corporation --- p.45 / Background --- p.45 / Financial Strategy --- p.47 / Debt Management --- p.47 / Techniques Employed --- p.49 / Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation --- p.51 / Principal Activities --- p.51 / Financial Management --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter X --- --- Concluding Remarks --- p.54 / Appendices / Chapter Appendix I --- Selected Financial Information of M.T.R --- p.57 / Chapter Appendix II --- Selected .Financial Information of K.C.R.C --- p.58 / Chapter Appendix III --- Interest Rate --- p.59 / Chapter Appendix IV --- Capital Market Instruments Employed By MTRC --- p.60 / Bibliography --- p.62

by Cheung Hoi Yin. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.vii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Asia Economic Turmoil --- p.1 / Importance of Risk Management --- p.2 / Literature Review --- p.3 / Methodology --- p.8 / Data --- p.9 / Chapter II. --- CREDIT RISK --- p.12 / Introduction --- p.12 / What Is A Mortgage --- p.14 / Credit Risk of Residential Mortgage --- p.16 / Banking System in Hong Kong --- p.17 / Chapter III. --- BRIEF REVIEW OF OTHER RISKS IN BANKING … --- p.19 / Interest Rate Risk --- p.19 / Liquidity Risk --- p.20 / Capital Risk --- p.22 / Market Risk --- p.23 / Off-Balance Sheet Risk --- p.24 / Chapter IV. --- FINDINGS --- p.26 / Outstanding Mortgage Balance --- p.26 / Gross New Loans Made --- p.26 / Property Price Movement --- p.27 / Unemployment and Underemployment Rate --- p.30 / Delinquency Ratio --- p.31 / Loan-To-Valuation Ratio --- p.33 / Lending Policy of Authorized Institutions on Mortgage Lending --- p.33 / Chapter V. --- WILCOXON RANK TEST --- p.35 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.38 / GRAPH & TABLE --- p.41 / Graph --- p.41 / Table --- p.53 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.59

by Cheng Chi Kin, Wong Siu Yuen, Michael. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-63). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.vi / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT --- p.5 / Establishing an appropriate Credit Risk Environment --- p.7 / Operating under a Sound Credit Granting Process --- p.9 / "Maintaining an Appropriate Credit Adminstration, Measurement and Monitoring Process " --- p.13 / Ensuring Adequate Controls over Credit Risk --- p.17 / Chapter III. --- CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN CHINA BANKING INDUSTRY --- p.19 / Development of Chinese Banking Industry --- p.19 / Business Lending in China --- p.22 / Special Issues --- p.24 / Chapter IV. --- CREDIT GRANTING IN HONG KONG BANKS --- p.33 / The Lending Process --- p.35 / Internal Rating System --- p.38 / Internal Control --- p.40 / Illustrative Scenarios --- p.41 / Credit Control Principles --- p.43 / Chapter V. --- COMPARISON BETWEEN PRACTICES IN HONG KONG AND CHINESE BANKS --- p.45 / Structures and Responsibility --- p.45 / Internal Rating System --- p.47 / Division of Labour and Performance Appraisal --- p.51 / Monitoring Process --- p.52 / Overdraft --- p.52 / Non-performing Loan --- p.53 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.54 / APPENDIX --- p.58 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.61

by Lok Ka Chiu, Wong Huck Keung. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-122). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / Chapter / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Scope and Objectives --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Evaluation and Control of Risks --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Measurement of Performance of Treasury Activities in a Dealing Room --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Methodology and Sources of Information --- p.6 / Chapter 2. --- EVALUATION AND CONTROL OF RISKS --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Scope of Risk Management --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Board and Senior Management Oversight --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Independent Risk Management and Control Functions --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Integration of People, System and Organisation" --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Risk Management Process --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Risk Management --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Limit Control System --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Reporting System --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Management Evaluation and Review --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3 --- Various Types of Risks --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Market Risk Management --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Mark to Market Evaluation --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- """Worst Reasonable Case"" Scenario / ""Stress"" Scenario Analysis" --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Liquidity Risk Management --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Controlling the Liquidity Risks --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Credit Risk Management --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Limiting / Controlling Credit Risk --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Credit Risk Limit --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Operation Risk Management --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- Proper Management and System Support --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.4.2 --- Proper Internal and Operational Control --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Legal Risk Management --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.5.1 --- Enforceability of Agreements --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.5.2 --- Making Use of Netting Agreements --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4 --- Internal Control and Audit --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Internal Audit Activities --- p.36 / Chapter 3. --- PREVAILING MARKET FOCUS ON RISK MANAGMENT --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1 --- Management Supervision and Internal Control System within Local --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Branch and Additional Monitoring at Head Office / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Client Suitability and Risk Disclosure --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Resources to Support Existing Range of Treasury Products --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- A Central Banker's View on Derivatives --- p.40 / Chapter 4. --- THE CASE OF AN INTERNATIONAL BANK IN HONG KONG RE: EVALUATION AND CONTROL OF RISK --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview of Activities of the Chosen Bank --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2 --- Reasons for Choosing one Particular Bank for this Case Study --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3 --- Organisational Structure of Global Control Department --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4 --- Risk Control System of the Chosen Bank --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Board and Senior Management Oversight --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Independent Risk Management and Control Function --- p.49 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Risk Management --- p.49 / Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- Description of Risk Management Systems --- p.50 / Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- Limits for each type of risks involved in its treasury activities --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Operational Risk Management --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Legal Risk --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Internal Control and Audit --- p.59 / Chapter 4.5 --- Problems in Implementing Sound Control System --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Limited Human Resources --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Powerful Risk Analytical Tools too costly for an individual branch --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Management Philosophy Biased towards Profit Making --- p.61 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Necessary Skills in Control Department are in Short Supply --- p.61 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Time Lag in Coping with Fast Growing Market Development --- p.62 / Chapter 4.6 --- Suggested Areas for Further Improvement --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Change in Management's attitude and philosophy towards risk Management --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Setting up of Independent Control and Reporting Channel --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- More Rigorous Management Supervision --- p.64 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- Upgrade the Status and Delegate more authority to the Control Staff --- p.64 / Chapter 4.6.5 --- Training and Development of Existing Staff --- p.65 / Chapter 4.6.6 --- Explore the Benefits of Netting Arrangements --- p.65 / Chapter 4.6.7 --- Modify the Bonus System for Traders --- p.65 / Chapter 4.6.8 --- Follow the Market Trend towards more Disclosure to Customers --- p.66 / Chapter 4.6.9 --- Installation of Value-at-risk Evaluation Model for Complex Products --- p.66 / Chapter 5. --- MEASUREMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF TREASURY ACTIVITIES IN A DEALING ROOM --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1 --- Principles for Performance Measurement --- p.69 / Chapter 5.2 --- Other Important Aspects of Performance Measurement From a Practical Perspective --- p.73 / Chapter 5.3 --- Dealers' General Attitude towards Performance Targets --- p.77 / Chapter 5.4 --- Possibilities of Over-exaggeration of Trading Results / Hiding of Losses --- p.78 / Chapter 5.5 --- Actions to be Taken by Banks to Reduce the above Risks --- p.79 / Chapter 6. --- THE CASE OF AN INTERNATIONAL BANK IN HONG KONG RE : MEASUREMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF TREASURY ACTIVITIES IN A DEALING ROOM --- p.81 / Chapter 6.1 --- Situation before Implementation of New Computer System --- p.81 / Chapter 6.2 --- Current Situation --- p.84 / Chapter 6.3 --- Reasons for Inability to Measure the Performance of Treasury Activities Satisfactorily --- p.91 / Chapter 6.4 --- Suggested Areas for Further Improvements --- p.94 / Chapter 7. --- PRACTICES OF OTHER FOREIGN BANKS IN HONG KONG --- p.97 / Chapter 7.1 --- General Situation --- p.97 / Chapter 7.2 --- Current Practices of Some Active Players --- p.99 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Overall View on Dealing Room Activies of these Banks --- p.100 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Policies and Procedures on Risk Management --- p.100 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Independent Risk Managment Unit --- p.100 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Risk Management --- p.101 / Chapter 7.2.5 --- Dealings in Derivatives with Customers --- p.101 / Chapter 7.2.6 --- Involvement of Internal Auditors --- p.102 / Chapter 7.2.7 --- Performance Measurement --- p.102 / Chapter 8. --- CONCLUSION --- p.103 / APPENDIX 1. Summary of Response on Questionnarie --- p.108 / APPENDIX 2 . Brief Background Information --- p.115 / APPENDIX 3 . Procedure Manual on Benchmark Rates --- p.116 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.121 / GLOSSARY --- p.123

by Fu Yuen Yeh. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [40-41]). / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iv / ABSTRACT --- p.v / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.vi / CHAPTERS Page / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- BACKGROUND --- p.2 / Grouping of Loans --- p.3 / Risk Management in Commercial Banks --- p.4 / credit risk / liquidity risk / interest rate risk / fraud risk / Risk Management in International Banking --- p.8 / Loan Diversification --- p.10 / industry diversification / geographic diversification / Loan Policies --- p.15 / Chapter 3. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.17 / Chapter 4. --- FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS --- p.19 / Respondent Profile --- p.19 / Existence of formal loan diversification policies --- p.22 / Credit concentration policy --- p.23 / Diversification strategies --- p.24 / Concentration control --- p.27 / Currency risk --- p.28 / Currency composition of loan portfolio --- p.29 / Respondents' Opinion --- p.29 / Chapter 5. --- CONCLUDING DISCUSSIONS --- p.31 / APPENDICES / Chapter A.1 --- Balance Sheet: All authorised institutions / Chapter A.2 --- Interbank lending: by country of origin / Chapter A.3 --- Loans and advances analysed by currency denominations / Chapter A.4 --- Loans for use inside and outside Hong Kong / Chapter A.5 --- Questionnaire sample / Chapter A.6 --- Summary of questionnaire responses / BIBLIOGRAPHY

by Ng Wing-Sze Cecilia. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-93). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.iii / CHAPTER / Chapter 1. --- COMPANY PROFILE --- p.1 / The Walt Disney Parks --- p.1 / Hong Kong Disneyland --- p.1 / Location --- p.1 / Park Developer & Operator --- p.2 / Financing --- p.2 / Infrastructure --- p.3 / Schedule of Operation --- p.4 / Chapter 2. --- HONG KONG DISNEYLAND BUSINESS MODEL --- p.6 / Revenue Model --- p.7 / Customer Base --- p.7 / Pricing Strategy --- p.8 / Financial Performance Variable --- p.9 / Risk Management Program --- p.10 / The Walt Disney Company Risk Management --- p.10 / HKDL Risk Management --- p.13 / Risk Management on Book Record --- p.13 / Chapter 3. --- PRECIPITATION RISK EXPOSURE --- p.15 / Introduction to Precipitation --- p.15 / Distinguish between Weather and Climate --- p.16 / Rainfall Risk Exposure --- p.16 / Precipitation in Hong Kong --- p.17 / Overview --- p.17 / Rainstorm Warning System --- p.18 / Practices on Rainy Days --- p.20 / Theme Park Industry --- p.20 / The Ocean Park --- p.21 / Rainfall Risk Mitigation --- p.21 / Chapter 4. --- WEATHER DERIVATIVES --- p.24 / Evolution --- p.24 / The Birth of Weather Derivatives --- p.24 / Weather Risk Management Association --- p.24 / Year 1999 --- p.25 / Year 2000 --- p.25 / Year 2001 --- p.26 / Year 2002 --- p.26 / Precipitation Derivatives --- p.27 / Market & Market Players --- p.28 / Types of Product --- p.30 / Index Derivatives --- p.30 / Event-Basis Derivatives --- p.32 / Chapter 5. --- Hedging Against Rainfall Risk with Weather Derivatives --- p.33 / Formation of Hedging Strategy --- p.34 / Hedging Objectives --- p.34 / Hedging Target --- p.35 / Dimension of Precipitation Impacts --- p.35 / Normal Revenue without Rainfall Risk --- p.40 / Revenue Forecasting for Year 1 --- p.41 / Specifications on the Contracts --- p.46 / Chapter 6. --- General Recommendations to HKDL for hedging with all kinds of Rainfall Derivatives --- p.49 / Choice of Market and Counter Parties --- p.49 / Index Model Design --- p.50 / Dimensions of Variables & Time Scale --- p.50 / Accumulated Rainfall Index --- p.51 / Methodologies of Rainfall Measurements --- p.54 / Location of Rainfall Measuring Stations --- p.54 / Measuring Instrument --- p.56 / Historical Data Consistency --- p.58 / Data Availability and Reliability --- p.59 / Choice of Strike Level --- p.59 / Tick Size and Maximum Payments --- p.62 / Pricing Approach --- p.63 / Chapter 7. --- Example of Rainfall Derivatives --- p.66 / Black/Red Rainstorm Signal Call --- p.66 / Specifications --- p.66 / Revenue model under Different Scenario --- p.68 / Chapter 8. --- Portfolio Management --- p.70 / Risk Management Information System --- p.70 / Issues on Book Keeping --- p.71 / Chapter 9. --- CONCULSION --- p.72

University of Macau / Faculty of Law