This paper is a study how students at a high school in Falun, Sweden, estimates their performance in an upcoming math test which is then compared with the actual grade the student performed. The students who participated also answered questions related to “risk situations” to examine whether there is a correlation between how students estimate their performance in the context and their risk behavior, and if the students act like economic models assume. In agreement with previous studies, the boys in the survey tended to be overconfident in their performance. The girls in the study were neither over- nor underconfident in her performance and no significant difference in the estimation of one's performance between the sexes could be proven. The proportion of boys who considered themselves to take greater risk than class average was greater than the proportion of girls in the question. No linear relationship between estimation of performance and risk behavior or differences in risk behavior could be found between the sexes.

Sammanfattning Introduktion: Sexuelt överförbara sjukdomar är ett av de stötsta hoten mot en normal reproduktion och sexuela hälsan, där den mest kända är HIV och AIDS. Empidemilogin i Thailand över de senaste decenierna visar en ökade prevalens av sexuellt överförbara sjukdomar. Den största orsaken till sjukdomar är ett resultat av sexuellt risk beteende och inkonsekvent kondomanvändande. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka sexuelt risk beteende och attityder till kondomanvändande hos thailänska universitetsstuderande i Bangkok. Metod: En deskriptiv tvärnittsstudie med kvantitativ metod användes i studien. Ett frågeformulär med 5 delar delades ut till 300 universitetsstudenter på två olika universitetet i Bangkok, Thailand. 269 deltagare fyllde i enkäten korrekt och 132 av dessa uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna. Resultat: 132 deltagare uppgav att de hade haft samlag. 15 (11.4%) av dessa hade ett lågt riskbeteende, 97 (73.5%) hade ett normalt riskbeteende och 20 (15.2%) hade ett högt riskbeteende. De fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan manliga (n=97) och kvinnliga (n=35) deltagare gällande deras sexuella risk beteende (p=0.68) och deras attityd till kondomanvändande (p=0.990). Ett samband mellan variablerna högt sexuellt riskbeteende och negativ attityd till kondomanvändande kunde ses, r=0.326, n= 132, p= 0.00. Slutsats: Majoriteten av universitets studenterna i denna studie hade ett normalt riskbeteende. Attityden till kondomanvändande var till största delen positiv med undantag gällande enstaka frågor. Vidare studier gällande thailänska universitetsstudenter och deras sexuella hälsa är av största vikt för att vidare minska riskbeteendet och sexuellt överförbara sjukdomar i populationen. / Abstract Introduction: One of the largest threats towards normal reproduction and sexual health is sexual transmitted diseases, were the most known is HIV and AIDS. The epidemiology of Thailand shows that over the last two decades several surveys reports an increase in the young adults' STD prevalence. The infections are mostly gained as a result of sexual risk behaviors and inconsistent condom use. AIM: The aim was to investigate sexual risk behavior and attitudes to condom use among Thailand university students in Bangkok. Method: The design used in this study was a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative method. A single five part questionnaire was handed out to 300 students within two different universities in Bangkok, Thailand. 269 participants completed the questionnaire and 132 of them met the inclusion criteria. Result: 132 participants reported having had sexual intercourse. 15 (11.4%) had a low risk behavior, 97 (73.5%) had an average risk behavior and 20 (15.2%) had a high risk behavior. There were no significant difference between male (n=97) and female (n=35) participants regarding sexual risk behavior (p= 0,68) and their attitudes towards condom-use (p= 0.990). A correlation between the two variables high sexual risk behavior and negative attitudes towards condom-use could be seen, r=0.326, n= 132, p= 0.00. Conclusions: The majority of the university students in our study showed an average risk behavior. The attitudes towards condoms were mostly positive with the exceptions of some specific questions. Further studies about Thai university students regarding sexual health is of importance to further decrease the sexual risks and STDs in the population.

O interesse principal desta pesquisa é a investigação, o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de um método que permita identificar e avaliar a ocorrência de comportamentos de risco em condutores com habilitação categoria B, na cidade de Porto Alegre. Esse método está fundamentado em trabalhos que caracterizam o cometimento de erros, lapsos e violações que ensejam o envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito. Tais trabalhos embasam a elaboração e a discussão deste estudo e também a teoria da Homeostase do Risco, as funções psicológicas, cognitivas e os aspectos legais envolvidos no ato de dirigir, assim como o desenvolvimento de jogos e simuladores de condução. Os instrumentos utilizados constituem-se de um jogo digital de situações de trânsito e de um questionário digital sobre o comportamento de condutores, ambos desenvolvidos com base no Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ)1 e em dados estatísticos sobre as infrações mais cometidas. Os comportamentos de risco que apresentaram maior incidência, com a aplicação do método, correspondem aos dados estatísticos sobre as principais infrações cometidas por condutores. A correlação entre os dados obtidos com o Questionário e o Jogo demonstrou, na amostra estudada, não haver associação significativa entre os dois instrumentos na maioria das situações abordadas. Isso denota não haver relação direta entre os instrumentos, vistos aqui como independentes, mas complementares. Dessa forma, à luz do método proposto, podem-se tornar maiores as possibilidades de análise sobre o comportamento de risco no trânsito, bem como com a continuidade de pesquisas na área. A identificação de forma precoce de fatores preditores de comportamentos de risco tem sua relevância por corroborar para a efetividade das intervenções preventivas. / This research main interest is the development and implementation of a method for identifying and evaluating the occurrence of risk behaviors in category B drivers license in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. This method is based on studies characterizing the carried errors, lapses and violations that lead to involvement in traffic accidents. Such works underlie this study’s development and discussion and also the risk homeostasis theory, the physiological functions, cognitive, and the legal aspects involved in driving acts, as well as the games development and driving simulators. The used instruments are made up of a digital role of some traffic situations and a digital questionnaire about the drivers behavior, both developed based on the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ)1 and in the statistics about more performed infractions. Risk behaviors that had the highest incidence correspond to the statistical data about the major infractions committed by drivers. The correlation among obtained data with the Questionnaire and the game showed no significant association between the two instruments in the most covered situations. This indicates that there is no direct relationship among the instruments seen here as independent but complementary. By the proposed method, the potential for analysis of the traffic risk behavior may become greater, as well as the further research in this area. The risk behavior’s predictors identification in an earlier time has their relevance for the preventive interventions effectiveness.

This thesis is written on a theoretically empirical basis. It deals with primary prevention of risk behavior in schools, in particular secondary schools. The theoretical part of the thesis concentrates on the characteristic features of risk behavior and its primary prevention. It also concentrates on the relationship between the teacher and pupils, the specifics of class group, the principles of effective communication and class environment. The practical part of the thesis is based on the results of a questionnaire which provided information about pupils´ and teachers´ views concerning risk behavior, and preventative activities being carried out at selected schools in co-operation with external consultants. The aim of this practical part of the thesis was to investigate pupils´ and teachers´ attitudes to primary prevention.

The purpose of this thesis is the theoretical part to compile insights into the actual concept of primary prevention in the elementary school environment, to analyze the system of strategic planning and management of prevention at national and regional level and analyse tasks elementary school in this area. The practical part will be to monitoring and comparing the objectives and priorities of regional prevention strategies (for example, two regions) and the author then conduct an investigation in an environment of selected primary schools of the regions, their strategy will be subject to an prime analysis. It will focus in this context on the structure of prevention in schools and its continuity to the strategic objectives. Compares also realization of prevention and selects adequate examples of good practice. Based on the research will be formulate recommendations for the realization of primary prevention at the school level.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 romero_lr_dr_botfm.pdf: 456798 bytes, checksum: 12d198981db3d29e3da98567e20b8729 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / A adolescência caracteriza-se por mudanças intensas no aspecto físico, emocional e social. Soma-se o fato de que a influência do grupo de amigos neste momento da vida parece ganhar força e interferir ou determinar o comportamento, sobretudo, relacionado à saúde. O uso de substâncias psicoativas e do comportamento sexual de risco, nessa fase da vida, situa-se como preocupação crescente na literatura. Embora importante para diminuição de práticas sexuais de risco, entre os adolescentes, o conhecimento sobre a prevenção das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e Aids (DST/Aids), tem dividido atenções com outras variáveis do modo de viver do adolescente. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a associação de conhecimentos sobre a prevenção das DST/Aids, a prevalência de práticas sexuais de risco, uso de drogas, desempenho escolar, o nível de atividade física habitual e a quantidade e formas de utilização do tempo livre e lazer entre estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio de escolas públicas e privadas de um município do interior paulista. Teve como população alvo os alunos de 7a e 8a séries do ensino fundamental, assim como estudantes do 1o, 2o e 3o ano do ensino médio. Foi conduzido um estudo do tipo transversal com aplicação de questionário estruturado, previamente testado, individual, anônimo e de autopreenchimento. O teste Qui-quadrado foi aplicado para avaliar as diferenças entre as freqüências e o teste de Regressão Logística passo-a-passo para trás para identificar os possíveis fatores preditores de conhecimento sobre prevenção das DST/Aids e prática sexual sem o uso de preservativo. Todos os testes tiveram nível de significância de 5%. Dentre os resultados, cerca de 50% pertence ao sexo masculino, faixa etária de 12 a 19 anos, com idade média... / Adolescence is characterized by deep changes in the physical, emotional and social. Added to the fact that the influence of the group of friends at this time of life seems to gain strength and interfere or determine the behavior, especially related to health. The use of psychoactive substances and sexual risk behavior in this phase of life, stands as growing concern in the literature. While important to decrease risky sexual practices among adolescents, knowledge about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS (STD / AIDS), has shared stage with other variables in the way of life of adolescents. Thus, this work aimed to study the association of knowledge about STD / AIDS, the prevalence of risky sexual practices, drug use, school performance, level of physical activity and the amount and ways of using free time and leisure among students in elementary and secondary education in public and private schools from a city in São Paulo. Target population had students 7th and 8th-graders, as well as students first, second and third years of high school. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a structured questionnaire, previously tested, individual anonymous self-completion. The chi-square test was applied to assess differences between frequencies and logistic regression test step by step back to identify possible predictors of knowledge about STD / AIDS and sexual intercourse without condom use. All tests had a significance level of 5%. Among the results, about 50% are male, aged 12 to 19 years, mean age 15 years (± 1.5 years), and just over 50% enrolled in primary education. Individuals with less knowledge about the prevention of STD / AIDS more frequently reported not having free time during the week, driving for pleasure and go to church or religious service, and sex without... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Jméno: Bc. Lucie Hélová Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Roman Gabrhelík Ph.D. Title: Evaluation of formal accuracy and content on the risk behavior of the webpages of pedagogical and psychological counseling centers in the Czech Republic in 2016 ABSTRACT The thesis describes the evaluation of formal accuracy and content about the risk behavior of the websites of pedagogical and psychological counseling in the Czech Republic. Since information technology is today one of the main tools for obtaining information, it is necessary to address the quality of internet presentations. The aim of the research is to evaluate the formal and content levels of the websites of pedagogical and psychological counseling through research and content analysis. The theoretical part of this thesis is based on professional literature, both Czech and foreign experts. It deals with risk behavior from the point of view of addictology, pedagogical- psychological counseling, its purpose and position in the education system. Practical part deals with practical research, which was realized by questionnaire survey. Within the stated objectives, it was found that all PPPs in the Czech Republic use a website for their presentation. Their quality is generally very variable and even the most successful ones have not reached 70% of the possible points....

O interesse principal desta pesquisa é a investigação, o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de um método que permita identificar e avaliar a ocorrência de comportamentos de risco em condutores com habilitação categoria B, na cidade de Porto Alegre. Esse método está fundamentado em trabalhos que caracterizam o cometimento de erros, lapsos e violações que ensejam o envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito. Tais trabalhos embasam a elaboração e a discussão deste estudo e também a teoria da Homeostase do Risco, as funções psicológicas, cognitivas e os aspectos legais envolvidos no ato de dirigir, assim como o desenvolvimento de jogos e simuladores de condução. Os instrumentos utilizados constituem-se de um jogo digital de situações de trânsito e de um questionário digital sobre o comportamento de condutores, ambos desenvolvidos com base no Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ)1 e em dados estatísticos sobre as infrações mais cometidas. Os comportamentos de risco que apresentaram maior incidência, com a aplicação do método, correspondem aos dados estatísticos sobre as principais infrações cometidas por condutores. A correlação entre os dados obtidos com o Questionário e o Jogo demonstrou, na amostra estudada, não haver associação significativa entre os dois instrumentos na maioria das situações abordadas. Isso denota não haver relação direta entre os instrumentos, vistos aqui como independentes, mas complementares. Dessa forma, à luz do método proposto, podem-se tornar maiores as possibilidades de análise sobre o comportamento de risco no trânsito, bem como com a continuidade de pesquisas na área. A identificação de forma precoce de fatores preditores de comportamentos de risco tem sua relevância por corroborar para a efetividade das intervenções preventivas. / This research main interest is the development and implementation of a method for identifying and evaluating the occurrence of risk behaviors in category B drivers license in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. This method is based on studies characterizing the carried errors, lapses and violations that lead to involvement in traffic accidents. Such works underlie this study’s development and discussion and also the risk homeostasis theory, the physiological functions, cognitive, and the legal aspects involved in driving acts, as well as the games development and driving simulators. The used instruments are made up of a digital role of some traffic situations and a digital questionnaire about the drivers behavior, both developed based on the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ)1 and in the statistics about more performed infractions. Risk behaviors that had the highest incidence correspond to the statistical data about the major infractions committed by drivers. The correlation among obtained data with the Questionnaire and the game showed no significant association between the two instruments in the most covered situations. This indicates that there is no direct relationship among the instruments seen here as independent but complementary. By the proposed method, the potential for analysis of the traffic risk behavior may become greater, as well as the further research in this area. The risk behavior’s predictors identification in an earlier time has their relevance for the preventive interventions effectiveness.

Orientador: Ivete Dalben / Banca: Ana Tereza de Abreu Ramos Cerqueira / Banca: Margareth Aparecida Santini de Almeida / Banca: Luciene Ferreira da Silva / Banca: Naila Janilde Seabra Santos / Resumo: A adolescência caracteriza-se por mudanças intensas no aspecto físico, emocional e social. Soma-se o fato de que a influência do grupo de amigos neste momento da vida parece ganhar força e interferir ou determinar o comportamento, sobretudo, relacionado à saúde. O uso de substâncias psicoativas e do comportamento sexual de risco, nessa fase da vida, situa-se como preocupação crescente na literatura. Embora importante para diminuição de práticas sexuais de risco, entre os adolescentes, o conhecimento sobre a prevenção das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e Aids (DST/Aids), tem dividido atenções com outras variáveis do modo de viver do adolescente. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a associação de conhecimentos sobre a prevenção das DST/Aids, a prevalência de práticas sexuais de risco, uso de drogas, desempenho escolar, o nível de atividade física habitual e a quantidade e formas de utilização do tempo livre e lazer entre estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio de escolas públicas e privadas de um município do interior paulista. Teve como população alvo os alunos de 7a e 8a séries do ensino fundamental, assim como estudantes do 1o, 2o e 3o ano do ensino médio. Foi conduzido um estudo do tipo transversal com aplicação de questionário estruturado, previamente testado, individual, anônimo e de autopreenchimento. O teste Qui-quadrado foi aplicado para avaliar as diferenças entre as freqüências e o teste de Regressão Logística passo-a-passo para trás para identificar os possíveis fatores preditores de conhecimento sobre prevenção das DST/Aids e prática sexual sem o uso de preservativo. Todos os testes tiveram nível de significância de 5%. Dentre os resultados, cerca de 50% pertence ao sexo masculino, faixa etária de 12 a 19 anos, com idade média... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Adolescence is characterized by deep changes in the physical, emotional and social. Added to the fact that the influence of the group of friends at this time of life seems to gain strength and interfere or determine the behavior, especially related to health. The use of psychoactive substances and sexual risk behavior in this phase of life, stands as growing concern in the literature. While important to decrease risky sexual practices among adolescents, knowledge about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS (STD / AIDS), has shared stage with other variables in the way of life of adolescents. Thus, this work aimed to study the association of knowledge about STD / AIDS, the prevalence of risky sexual practices, drug use, school performance, level of physical activity and the amount and ways of using free time and leisure among students in elementary and secondary education in public and private schools from a city in São Paulo. Target population had students 7th and 8th-graders, as well as students first, second and third years of high school. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a structured questionnaire, previously tested, individual anonymous self-completion. The chi-square test was applied to assess differences between frequencies and logistic regression test step by step back to identify possible predictors of knowledge about STD / AIDS and sexual intercourse without condom use. All tests had a significance level of 5%. Among the results, about 50% are male, aged 12 to 19 years, mean age 15 years (± 1.5 years), and just over 50% enrolled in primary education. Individuals with less knowledge about the prevention of STD / AIDS more frequently reported not having free time during the week, driving for pleasure and go to church or religious service, and sex without... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

O interesse principal desta pesquisa é a investigação, o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de um método que permita identificar e avaliar a ocorrência de comportamentos de risco em condutores com habilitação categoria B, na cidade de Porto Alegre. Esse método está fundamentado em trabalhos que caracterizam o cometimento de erros, lapsos e violações que ensejam o envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito. Tais trabalhos embasam a elaboração e a discussão deste estudo e também a teoria da Homeostase do Risco, as funções psicológicas, cognitivas e os aspectos legais envolvidos no ato de dirigir, assim como o desenvolvimento de jogos e simuladores de condução. Os instrumentos utilizados constituem-se de um jogo digital de situações de trânsito e de um questionário digital sobre o comportamento de condutores, ambos desenvolvidos com base no Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ)1 e em dados estatísticos sobre as infrações mais cometidas. Os comportamentos de risco que apresentaram maior incidência, com a aplicação do método, correspondem aos dados estatísticos sobre as principais infrações cometidas por condutores. A correlação entre os dados obtidos com o Questionário e o Jogo demonstrou, na amostra estudada, não haver associação significativa entre os dois instrumentos na maioria das situações abordadas. Isso denota não haver relação direta entre os instrumentos, vistos aqui como independentes, mas complementares. Dessa forma, à luz do método proposto, podem-se tornar maiores as possibilidades de análise sobre o comportamento de risco no trânsito, bem como com a continuidade de pesquisas na área. A identificação de forma precoce de fatores preditores de comportamentos de risco tem sua relevância por corroborar para a efetividade das intervenções preventivas. / This research main interest is the development and implementation of a method for identifying and evaluating the occurrence of risk behaviors in category B drivers license in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. This method is based on studies characterizing the carried errors, lapses and violations that lead to involvement in traffic accidents. Such works underlie this study’s development and discussion and also the risk homeostasis theory, the physiological functions, cognitive, and the legal aspects involved in driving acts, as well as the games development and driving simulators. The used instruments are made up of a digital role of some traffic situations and a digital questionnaire about the drivers behavior, both developed based on the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ)1 and in the statistics about more performed infractions. Risk behaviors that had the highest incidence correspond to the statistical data about the major infractions committed by drivers. The correlation among obtained data with the Questionnaire and the game showed no significant association between the two instruments in the most covered situations. This indicates that there is no direct relationship among the instruments seen here as independent but complementary. By the proposed method, the potential for analysis of the traffic risk behavior may become greater, as well as the further research in this area. The risk behavior’s predictors identification in an earlier time has their relevance for the preventive interventions effectiveness.