The Indian diaspora has now more than ever before exported the inhabitants of the sub-continent to very many countries in the world. They are presently to be found settled in far-off places like Alaska, Norway, Denmark, New Zealand, the Unites States of America, England, Canada and elsewhere. By far the largest group that had emigrated under the tri-partite patronage of South Africa, India and Britain between 1860 and 1911 to South Africa were a mixture of Hindus, Christians and Muslims representing the four major Indian language groups of Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Gujarati. The indentured, in no small measure, played a significant part in drastically uplifting the economy of Natal as efficient and hardworking labourers in the sugarcane farms, the coalfields of Northern Natal and in the wattle farms of the mist belt of the Midlands of Natal. No doubt in some cases their working conditions were extremely trying and painfully difficult; but they triumphed. They were not willing to remain in their immigrant servitude. After their contract, as is now, patently well known that in about 140 years they have reached against all odds. They are world recognized in nearly all fields where human endeavour calls for the best. They have produced renounced academics and artisans and are visible wherever excellence is the benchmark. After 1994 they have integrated with ease within the South African plural society without abandoning their language, culture, traditions, belief systems, dietary habits and the distinct dress of the women in particular and the men in general. Undoubtedly their inborn patience and tolerance and the ability to change and adapt within a multi-religious and multi-ethical milieu is a humble credit to their forbearance. / Thesis (M. A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2003.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1994.

L’architecture des temples maçonniques constitue un patrimoine vivant, mais peu étudié, notamment dans le cadre de la recherche universitaire. Elle présente pourtant un double intérêt. En tant qu’objet d’étude, tout d’abord, elle offre des caractéristiques formelles, spatiales et stylistiques suffisamment marquantes pour qu’on puisse souhaiter en faire la description, en cherchant à la fois à en définir les limites et les invariants, et aussi à en cerner les différentes variations au travers de tropismes liés à l’histoire, la géographie ou la culture dans laquelle elle se développe. Cette architecture présente également un intérêt en tant que sujet de recherche : elle est strictement dictée par des rituels précis qui en définissent à la fois la forme, l’organisation et l’usage. De ce point de vue, cette étude permet tout d’abord de revisiter les notions de type et de modèle, telles qu’elles avaient été définies dans le cadre de l’analyse typo-morphologique développée par la critique italienne dans les années 1970. Elle permet ensuite d’établir un lien entre l’usage, ici codifié par le rituel, et la forme architecturale, et de proposer l’esquisse d’une théorie de la concrétion, dans laquelle la forme de l’espace architectural serait comprise comme le résultat d’une pratique ritualisée de l’espace. La thèse se développe en trois parties. La première partie, qui s’ouvre sur un état de l’art, est consacrée à l’approche méthodologique et aux développements de la recherche, grâce notamment aux moyens liés aux technologies numériques et à l’informatique, qui ont permis l’élaboration du corpus de la recherche. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’analyse de ce corpus, qui s’appuie sur la dimension sociale, symbolique et architecturale du temple maçonnique. Enfin, la troisième partie propose un extrait du catalogue raisonné du corpus. Cet extrait recouvre l’Europe et l’Amérique du Nord. / The architecture of the Masonic temples is a living heritage, but little studied, particularly in the context of academic research. Yet it has two advantages. As an object of study, first of all, it offers formal, spatial and sufficiently significant stylistic characteristics that we may wish to describe, seeking both to define the limits and invariants and also to identify different variations across tropisms related to history, geography or the culture in which it develops. This architecture offers also an interest as a subject of research: it is strictlydictated by specific rituals that define both form, organization and use. From this perspective, this study provides first revisit the concepts of type and model, as they were defined within the framework of the typo-morphological analysis developed by the Italian criticism in the 1970s. It establishes also a link between the use, here codifiedrituals, and architectural form, and suggest the outlines of a theory of concretion, within the form of architectural spaces would be understood as the result of ritualized practices of space. The thesis is developed in three parts. The first part, which opens a state ofknowledge, is devoted to the methodological approach and research developments, thanks to the means of digital technology and computers, which enabled the developmentof the corpus of research. The second part is devoted to the analysis of this corpus, based on the social, architectural and symbolic aspects of the Masonic Temple. The third part provides an extract of the of the corpus. This excerpt covers Europe and North America.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Martins de Almeida.pdf: 1994391 bytes, checksum: 2e3b7e4b14f3c0ec868a06100998439f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to analyze the process of implementation, appropriation and adaptation of the first public Kindergarten of Sao Paulo, an annex of Normal School Caetano de Campos expressed in existing dialogues between the educational project of Republican State and the rites, rituals and teaching practices that characterizes the culture and the daily school of the period of 1896 to 1912. The trajectory of this study starts in a perspective of the opening of school s flight recorder in three movements: in the first moment, unveil the real curriculum, the hidden and the curriculum in action; the second movement, to examine the pedagogical proposals that based this institution; the third movement, to contextualize and to register how the rites and the rituals that are in the configuration of internal space and the pedagogical practices in the people willing a new sense of temporality and spatiality of the development of children s activity in the school situation. In order to understand how the rites and rituals in the schooling of childhood in Sao Paulo among 1896 and 1912 were built, we will do a theoretical and historical analysis from reports of public instruction; of materials obtain in the school Caetano de Campos collection, on pedagogical magazines, on teacher s reports about the students and about the school s operation, the class record book and the games, that guided our studies about the education and the senses in the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century. This study enable us to understand how the educational mechanisms, didactic and pedagogical were effectively experienced in this institution and those that have been recreated and ritualized to meet not only the principles of state formation of the Brazilian people, but also, above all, as place of practices and historical, cultural and social interactions / Esta pesquisa tem por finalidade analisar os processos de implantação, apropriação e adaptação do primeiro Jardim da Infância Público de São Paulo anexo à Escola Normal Caetano de Campos expressos nos diálogos existentes entre o projeto educativo do Estado Republicano e os ritos, rituais e práticas pedagógicas que caracterizaram a cultura e o cotidiano escolar do período de 1896 ao ano de 1912. A trajetória deste estudo parte numa perspectiva de abertura da caixa preta da escola em três movimentos: num primeiro movimento, desvendar o currículo real, o oculto e o em ação, num segundo movimento, examinar as propostas pedagógicas que alicerçaram esta instituição, e, num terceiro movimento, contextualizar e registrar como os ritos e os rituais presentes na configuração do espaço interno e das práticas pedagógicas dispuseram nas pessoas uma nova noção de temporalidade e espacialidade do desenvolvimento da atividade infantil em situação escolar. Para que possamos compreender como os ritos e rituais na escolarização da infância em São Paulo no período de 1896 a 1912 foram se constituindo, faremos uma análise teórica e histórica a partir de relatórios de instrução pública, de materiais obtidos no acervo da escola Caetano de Campos, nas revistas pedagógicas, nos relatórios de professores sobre os alunos e sobre o funcionamento da escola, os diários de classe e os brinquedos, que nortearam os nossos estudos acerca da educação dos sentidos no fim do século XIX e início do século XX. Este trabalho nos possibilita compreender como os mecanismos educativos, didáticos e pedagógicos foram efetivamente vivenciados nesta instituição e os que foram recriados e ritualizados para atender não apenas aos princípios estatais de formação do povo brasileiro, mas, sobretudo, como lugar de práticas e de interações históricas, culturais e sociais

This dissertation is accompanied by a video recording of the performance of the yajna and an audio recording of the mantras (sacred verses) recited during the performance. This thesis endeavors to illustrate how oral style elements are used to accentuate the mantras during the performance of the yajna. The mantras and the yajna itself, have its roots in the Vedic scriptures which have been transmitted orally from generation to generation. In chapter one, "Introduction", a brief description of the concept of Hinduism which forms the basis of my investigation is presented. An individual's life, according to Hinduism, is divided into four stages and the performance of yajna features prominently in the sixteen Vedic sanskaras. In chapter two, the term yajna is defined and the origin of yajna as reflected in the Purusa Sukta is discussed. The five main daily duties or Panca Mahayajna, presented for the welfare and progress of the individual and society are explained. It must be noted that the Panca Mahayajna are not necessarily all rituals or rites but rather social or human commitments, which are a part of the Vedic code of ethics. However, the Deva Yajna or Agni-hotra or yajna as it is very commonly known to Hindus, is a ritual that is performed. The Devayajna forms an integral part of the Panca Mahayajna. The third chapter outlines some of Marcel Jousse's thoughts, views and ideas about oral style expressions relevant to the yajna. The universal anthropological laws of Formulism, Bilateralism, Mimism and Rhythmism as propounded by Marcel Jousse are highlighted. Key concepts like gesture, memory, rhythm and oral expression, used as facilitators for the transmission of knowledge are explained. this chapter forms part of the conceptional framework of the study. Chapter four focusses on the definition of oral tradition The Vedas, an example of Hindu literature reflecting oral tradition, are discussed. Some interesting comments tracing the authenticity of the Vedas and facts declaring the Vedas as the source head of all knowledge about human behaviour also feature in this chapter. In the fifth chapter, the procedure, explanation and analysis of the gestural and oral expressions as reflected in the performance of the yajna are examined. The anthropological laws of Marcel Jousse are applied in the recitation of the mantras and the actual performance of the yajna. Mnemotechnical devices that facilitate memorisation, featuring in the mantras are discussed. The conclusion emphasises the role of oral style elements that are evident in the yajna and explores the possibility for further research in Vedic literature. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban,1999.

This study seeks to explore the relationship between religious ritual and theatre through an examination of the manner in which the Hindu religion functions. In the Introduction to this thesis, the nature of both religious rituals and theatre, and the similarities that exist between ' these forms of performance, are explored. At the heart of any performance is the desire to communicate. Religious rituals are primarily a means of communicating the philosophy of a particular religion. In this thesis, the basic beliefs and philosophy of the Hindu religion are described; the imagery, symbols and mythology, that have evolved with the religion, are analysed as extensions of the basic philosophy of the religion; and the manner in which these symbols and images function in Hindu religious practices is examined. This is followed by a detailed documentation of two Hindu rituals. The first, the Havan is a home based ritual, while the second, the Fire-Walking Festival, is temple based. The historical evolution of these rituals, based on essentially scriptural evidence, is also examined. An overview of the impact of the Hindu religion on Indian theatre concludes this dissertation. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1991.

Ce travail étudie l’impact de la cyberlangue, induite par le développement des technologies de l’InfoCom, sur les situations de communication médiatisée, jusqu’à la ritualisation des interactions sur les dispositifs sociotechniques.Ce travail mobilise un pluralisme théorique et méthodologique, une approche quantitative et typologique. Il s’appuie sur un terrain de données nativement numériques sur un forum de discussion en ligne, dans le domaine de la téléréalité. En appui sur les concepts de langue et langage, réduction de l’incertitude, cyberlangue, dispositif, communauté, réseau, rites et ritualités, et sur les théories de la conversation, du lien social, du lien rituel, de la «posture intentionnelle » et les rites d’interaction en ligne, une étude exploratoire permet d’identifier des procédés d’écriture élaborés et créatifs et d’établir une typologie enrichie des marqueurs de la cyberlangue.Dans une enquête, la confrontation des usages aux représentations permet de comprendre la perception de la cyberlangue par les internautes. Dans les micro-communautés identifiées par la mesure des interactions, la présence des interacteurs, le poids et la concentration des marqueurs cyberlangue et la polarité du discours interactionnel, l’étude de situations rituelles permet d’identifier une typologie de rites d’interaction associés à certains marqueurs cyberlangue et de corréler les potentialités de pacification de la cyberlangue aux intentionnalités de distanciation et de compensation des interacteurs, dans une dynamique de coconstruction pour le maintien du lien social. / This study examines the impact of cyberlanguage, induced by the development of InfoCom technologies, on mediated communication situations, up to the ritualization of interactions on socio-technical devices. This work mobilizes a theoretical and methodological pluralism, a quantitative and typological approach. It relies on a native digital data field on an online discussion forum, in the field of reality show. In support of the concepts of language, reduction of uncertainty, cyber-language, device, community, network, rites and rituals, and the theories of conversation, social bond, ritual bond, "intentional posture" and online interaction rites, an exploratory study identifies elaborate and creative writing processes and establishes an enriched typology of cyberlanguage markers.In a survey, the confrontation of uses with representations makes it possible to understand the perception of the cyberlanguage by Internet users. In the micro-communities identified by the interactions measurements, the presence of interactors, the weight and concentration of cyberlanguage markers and the polarity of the interactional discourse, the study of ritual situations makes it possible to identify a typology of associated interaction rituals to certain cyberlanguage markers and to correlate the pacification potential of the cyberlanguage with the intentional distancing and compensation of the interactors, in a dynamics of coconstruction for the maintenance of the social bond.