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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

RESILIENT MODULUS OF RECYCLED AGGREGATES AS ROAD PAVEMENT MATERIALS

Singh, Pralendra 01 May 2015 (has links)
The sources of natural or virgin coarse aggregates are diminishing in alarming rate and its production is quite expensive, uses a lot of energy, and is not environmental friendly. Hence, utilizing the recycled aggregates like reclaimed or recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) on road pavement will not only preserve the natural aggregates but also reduce the negative environmental impact. It also helps to conserve the waste landfill sites. The major downside for the use of the recycled aggregate is the quality control during its production. This research characterizes RCA samples obtained from a demolished old foundation and RAP samples from old parking lot and determines their suitability as road pavement materials. Virgin aggregates, recycled aggregates, and several blended mixtures with 20 to 80% replacement of natural coarse aggregate or virgin aggregate (NCA or VA) by weight with RCA and RAP were prepared and tested for resilient modulus (Mr) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The durability of the virgin aggregate and recycled aggregate were also determined by micro-deval test. The resilient modulus value of 100% RCA and 100% VA was found to be very similar or higher but for 100% RAP the resilient modulus is higher than that of the 100%VA. The Resilient modulus of the RAP blended mixtures increases with the increase in the content of RAP percentage and for the RCA it was not consistent. The CBR values for the blended mixtures decreases with the increase in the percentage of the recycled aggregates. The micro-deval degradation test result for RCA was more than of VA due to presence adhere materials in RCA.
2

Geotextile selection methods for the Lithuanian road and street structures / Geotekstilių parinkimo metodai Lietuvos automobilių kelių ir gatvių konstrukcijoms

Vaitkus, Audrius 08 January 2008 (has links)
The structural strength of roads and streets as well as the uniformity of strength are ensured by a design strength of subgrade, sub-base and pavement layers, characterized by a deformation modulus, the value of which depends on the properties of materials used for the pavement structural layers and thickness of the layers. During construction of road or street pavement structure and its operation the continuous static and dynamic vehicle loads may cause the intermixing of the subgrade soil with the frost blanket course. Analogical process could happen between the frost blanket course and the sub-base constructed from the large particles of aggregate. Eventually, the intermixed materials of the different structural layers of road or street can have the impact on the strength and durability of the whole structure. In order to prevent the aggregates of different structural layers from becoming intermixed during road or street construction or in the phase of operation the geotextile inter-layers have been world-widely used in the recent 15 years. Based on the recommendations of U.S. researchers the geotextiles used for the separation of structural layers should be selected according to the existing formulas. However, these formulas are valid only for the road structures without asphalt concrete pavement. Another method for selecting geotextiles – specifications and recommendations of different countries. At present there are no generally accepted European specifications... [to full text] / Įrengiant automobilių kelio ar gatvės dangas ant žemės sankasos bei vėliau jas eksploatuojant dėl nuolatos pasikartojančių statinių bei dinaminių transporto priemonių apkrovų gali prasidėti žemės sankasos grunto bei apsauginio šalčiui atsparaus sluoksnio medžiagų sąmaiša. Analogiškas procesas gali vykti ir tarp apsauginio šalčiui atsparaus sluoksnio bei dangos pagrindo medžiagų. Ilgainiui kelio ar gatvės konstrukcijos sluoksnių medžiagų tarpusavio sąmaiša mažina dangos stiprį bei tvarumą. Siekiant išvengti atskirų konstrukcijos sluoksnių mineralinių medžiagų tarpusavio susimaišymo, tiesiant kelius ar gatves bei juos eksploatuojant, pastaruosius 15 metų pasaulyje plačiai taikomi geotekstilės tarpsluoksniai. Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų mokslininkai geotekstiles parinkti rekomenduoja naudoti skaičiavimus pagal formules, tačiau jos tinka tik keliams be asfaltbetonio dangos. Kitas geotekstilių taikymo būdas – atskirų šalių sukurtos normos bei rekomendacijos. Europoje nėra vieningų norminių dokumentų, reglamentuojančių geotekstilių naudojimą automobilių kelių bei gatvių konstrukcijos sluoksniams atskirti. Tai galima pagrįsti tuo, kad Europos valstybėse yra skirtingos klimatinės bei geologinės sąlygos. Taigi kiekviena ar keletas valstybių, kurioms pagal jų sąlygas aktualu kelio konstrukcijos sluoksnius atskirti geotekstilėmis, turi savo normas ar rekomendacijas. Lietuvoje geosintetinės medžiagos tiesiant ir rekonstruojant automobilių kelius bei miestų gatves naudojamos tik... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
3

SIMPLE EVALUATION METHODS FOR ROAD PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY / 発展途上国向け道路舗装の簡易な評価手法に関する研究

Heng Salpisoth 24 March 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18249号 / 工博第3841号 / 新制||工||1589(附属図書館) / 31107 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 河野 広隆, 教授 宮川 豊章, 准教授 服部 篤史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
4

Temperatūros įtakos automobilio rato sukibimo su kelio danga parametrams modeliavimas ir tyrimas / Research and modelling of temperature influence to car wheel grip with road pavement

Plioplys, Rimas 14 June 2013 (has links)
Baigiamajame magistro darbe atlikta mokslo darbų, skirtų automobilio rato sąveikai su skirtingos būklės ir savybių kelio danga tyrimams analizė. Atlikti eksperimentiniai tyrimai, kurių metu ištirti temperatūros pokyčiai ratui sąveikaujant su kelio danga ir jų įtaka sankybio rodikliams. Surinkti, susisteminti, statistiškai apdoroti ir išanalizuoti 2011 ir 2012 metais išmatuoto valstybinės reikšmės kelių naujos asfalto dangos ir rato sukibimo koeficiento duomenys. Pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, mokslo darbų analizė, eksperimentiniai automobilio rato sukibimo su kelio danga parametrų tyrimai, valstybinės reikšmės kelių naujos asfalto dangos ir rato sukibimo koeficiento tyrimas ir vertinimas, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 65 p. teksto be priedų, 46 iliustr., 10 lent., 32 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / In this master thesis is performed a research studies analysis about car wheel and road interaction . Car wheel interaction with road pavement tests were performed and temperature changes which affect grip is examined. Collected, structured and statistically analyzed 2011 and 2012 year wheel traction data. The conclusions is presented. The paper consists of six parts: introduction, analysis of scientific articles and studies, experimental study of car wheel grip with road surface parameters, new asphalt pavement grip research and evaluation, conclusions, references. Pages - 65 p. text, 46 pictures., 10 tables., 32 bibliographic sources. Appendixes.
5

Klimato įtakos automobilių kelių asfalto dangos konstrukcijos stipriui tyrimai ir vertinimas / Researches and Evaluation of Climate Influence on the Structural Strength of Road Asphalt Pavement

Paliukaitė, Miglė 01 July 2010 (has links)
Analizuojama asfalto dangos konstrukcijos elgsena Lietuvos klimato sąlygomis, įvertinant temperatūros ir drėgnio, kaip vienų iš svarbiausių klimato veiksnių, įtaką kelio asfalto dangos konstrukcijos stipriui. Pateikta krintančio svorio deflektometro matavimo metodikų apžvalga kitose šalyse. Atlikta temperatūros ir drėgnio kiekvienos dienos pokyčių analizė, įvertinant jų įtaką dangos konstrukcijai. Nustatyta kelio dangos stiprio ir Eo modulio priklausomybė nuo dangos temperatūros, matuojant kelio dangos įlinkius krintančio svorio deflektometru. Kai asfalto dangos stipris matuojamas skirtingu metų laiku ar įvairiu paros metu, tai Eo modulio reikšmės turi būti redukuojamos priimtai standartinei temperatūrai. Eksperimentiniame asfalto dangų konstrukcijų ruože atliktu tyrimu patikslintas temperatūrinis redukcijos koeficientas, kuris leidžia krintančio svorio deflektometru nustatytas asfalto dangos sluoksnių Eo modulio vertes redukuoti standartinei +20 °C temperatūrai. / This final master thesis performs asphalt pavement structural behavior of the Lithuanian climate conditions, taking into account the temperature and moisture, as one of the most important climatic factors that influence the road asphalt pavement structural strength. The Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) measurement methods used in other countries are presented. The temperature and moisture changes in the day are analysed, evaluating their impact on pavement design. The strength of asphalt pavement layers, as well as Eo modulus values, measured using the falling weight deflectometer, strongly depend on the pavement temperature. When we use deflectometer for measuring asphalt pavement strength at different environmental conditions and in different season, the values of Eo modulus should be reduced to the assumed standard temperature. So during this research at the experimental asphalt pavement structure the temperature correction factor was revised. The use of this factor enables to adjust the Eo modulus values of asphalt pavement layers measured by the Falling Weight Deflectometer to the standard temperature of +20 °C.
6

Sunkiasvorio transporto įtaka automobilių kelių asfaltbetonio dangos funkcionavimo trukmei / Impact of Heavy Weight Vehicles on Duration of Service Life of Asphalt Concrete Road Pavement

Butkevičius, Saulius 04 December 2007 (has links)
Pastaraisiais metais Lietuvoje ženkliai padidėjęs sunkiasvorio transporto eismas sąlygoja ankstyvą daugumos šalies kelių dangų suirtį, nes jau nepakanka esamo jos stiprio. Įvairios asfaltbetonio dangos pažaidos rodo, kad ardoma ne tik danga, bet ir jos konstrukcija – tai didina išlaidas kelių remontui bei priežiūrai, mažėja eismo saugumas bei komfortiškumas. Iki šiol Lietuvoje dar nėra metodikos, kurią taikant būtų galima pakankamai tiksliai įvertinti sunkiasvorio transporto poveikį kelių dangai. Šiame darbe ištirta sunkiasvorio transporto eismo ardomojo poveikio, įvertinant Lietuvos klimato sąlygas, įtaka kelių dangos asfaltbetonio sluoksnių stipriui ir funkcionavimo trukmei. Pateikta metodika sunkiasvorio transporto eismo ir apkrovų ardančio poveikio Lietuvos kelių dangai, priklausomai nuo eismo sezoniškumo, jos stiprio, asfaltbetonio sluoksnių likutinio stiprio bei kelių dangos įtempto-deformuoto būvio kitėjimo, įvertinti. Pasiūlytas kelių dangos asfaltbetonio sluoksnių likutinio stiprio ir funkcionavimo trukmės likutinio resurso modelis. Modelis įvertina apkrovos parametrus bei jos poveikio intensyvumą, automobilių srauto sudėtį, kelių dangos sluoksnių medžiagų bei jai stiprinti naudojamų medžiagų projektines savybes, kelių dangos sluoksnio medžiagos stiprio kitėjimą, atsižvelgiant į jos suirties mastą, kelių dangos darbą, esant įvairioms vietovės klimato sąlygoms, skirtingiems žemės sankasos gruntams ir vietovės hidroterminiams rėžimams, remonto darbų kainą bei ekonominį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The marked increase of heavy weight vehicle traffic in Lithuania in recent years is the reason for early deterioration of majority road pavements of the country due to inadequate strength of road pavements. Various kinds of damages in asphalt concrete pavements indicate that damage is made not only to a pavement but to its construction as well, which increases costs for road repair and maintenance and reduces road safety and comfort. There is no methodology in Lithuania that would allow to evaluate the impact of heavy weight vehicles on a road pavement with adequate preciseness. This study analyses the impact of damaging effect of heavy weight vehicle traffic on the strength and duration of service life of asphalt concrete layers in a road pavement taking account of climate conditions of Lithuania. A methodology to evaluate the damaging effect of heavy weight vehicle traffic and loads on road pavements in Lithuania depending on seasonal peculiarities of traffic, its strength, remaining strength resource of asphalt concrete layers and changes in stressed or deformed state of a road pavement is presented. A model of remaining strength of asphalt concrete layers in a road pavement and remaining resource of service life was proposed. The model evaluates load parameters and intensity of its impact, composition of vehicle flow, design characteristics of materials in layers of a road pavement and materials used when strengthening it, changes in the strength of layer material in a... [to full text]
7

Proposta de ajuste nas energias de compactação para dosagem de misturas asfálticas com uso de compactador giratório em função da estrutura de pavimento / Proposed adjustment in compaction energies for dosing of asphalt mixtures with the use of giratory compactor as a function of the pavement structure

Gonçalves, Ricardo Freire 04 December 2018 (has links)
Os pavimentos asfálticos brasileiros são projetados para durar, em média, 10 anos, contudo, em muitos casos, com poucos meses passados da abertura ao tráfego, começam a apresentar problemas que comprometem seu desempenho. Supõe-se que parte principal deste problema resida no fato de ser construído com revestimento asfáltico com espessura inferior às que são usadas nos países que nos servem de referência técnica, o que resulta em maiores esforços. Porém, além do aspecto estrutural, este trabalho aborda, principalmente, os efeitos na dosagem de misturas asfálticas, pois os critérios estabelecidos levam em conta o efeito do tráfego considerando estruturas com 15 cm ou mais de espessura do revestimento asfáltico. Portanto, a energia de compactação em laboratório considerada para a simulação do tráfego atuando em uma estrutura de pavimento com 15 cm de revestimento asfáltico não deve ser a mesma quando a espessura do revestimento for muito menor, pois as respostas estruturais, tensão e deformação, são muito diferentes nos dois casos, sendo as estruturas mais esbeltas submetidas a maiores solicitações do tráfego, o que deveria ser considerado quando da dosagem de misturas asfálticas em laboratório, particularmente no Brasil. Há outros agravantes, como a concentração de tensões associada à maior pressão de enchimento dos pneus e o tráfego de veículos com excesso de carga por eixo. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma tabela com faixa de valores do número de giros de compactação de misturas asfálticas, para diferentes níveis de tráfego, adaptada da tabela do Superpave e corrigida segundo critérios de análise de danos equivalentes em função da espessura de revestimento. Além da análise estrutural, teórica, foi desenvolvido um trabalho laboratorial, com misturas asfálticas dosadas pelo método Superpave, considerando-se todos os níveis de tráfego e os respectivos número de giros de projeto do compactador giratório. As misturas asfálticas foram projetadas para o teor ótimo de ligante correspondente a um volume de vazios de 4%. Os corpos de prova foram compactados segundo sete níveis de energia de tráfego, conforme estabelecido no método Superpave, com determinação de propriedades volumétricas (VAM, Vazios do Agregado Mineral, RBV, Relação Betume-Vazios, e TF, Teor de Fíler) e mecânicas (MR, Módulo de Resiliência, e RT, Resistência à Tração). Os resultados foram comparados pelos testes estatísticos não paramétricos U de Mann-Whitney e KS (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), que avaliam se duas amostras possuem distribuições de valores similares ou não. As propriedades volumétricas (VAM, RBV e TF) variaram significativamente com a energia de compactação, sendo que seus valores médios diminuíram com o aumento da energia de tráfego, enquanto que as propriedades mecânicas (MR e RT) apresentaram aumento de valor com o aumento da energia do tráfego de projeto, ainda que, em energias contíguas, tenha havido pequena diferença. Foi constatado maior influência da temperatura de realização de ensaios de MR e RT para os maiores níveis de energia de tráfego, ou seja, há maior diminuição de MR e RT com o aumento da temperatura para as misturas produzidas com um maior número de giros. Foi realizada análise estrutural com o programa ELSYM5, considerando-se diferentes espessuras de revestimentos asfálticos e propriedades semelhantes às das misturas asfálticas projetadas. Os resultados permitiram análises de vida de fadiga e de danos equivalentes, sob diferentes esforços, decorrentes de redução na espessura do revestimento ou de sobrecargas do tráfego. A vida de fadiga apresentou tendência de aumento com o nível de tráfego considerado para dosagem da mistura asfáltica, mas com tendência assintótica. O aumento da carga por eixo e da pressão de enchimento de pneus, quando associados à redução de espessura dos revestimentos asfálticos, pode levar a uma redução na vida de fadiga em cerca de 60 vezes, para pavimentos flexíveis, e em cerca de 10 vezes, para pavimentos semirrígidos. Na tentativa de amenizar os possíveis problemas que afetam o desempenho de nossos pavimentos, o número de giros usado no compactador giratório para projetar misturas asfálticas deve aumentar em cerca de 20% a 50% em pavimento flexível e de 4% a 30% em pavimento semirrígido, dependendo da energia de tráfego considerada em projeto, do tipo de estrutura selecionada e dos carregamentos veiculares aferidos. / Brazilian asphalt pavements are designed to last, on average, 10 years, however, in many cases, with only a few months after opened to traffic, they begin to present problems that compromise their performance. It is assumed that the main part of this problem resides in the fact that they are constructed with surface layers with thickness inferior to those that are used in the countries that serve as technical reference, which results in greater efforts. However, in addition to the structural aspect, this work mainly addresses the effects on the dosage of asphalt mixtures, since the established criteria take into account the effect of traffic considering structures with 15 cm or more of thickness of the asphalt layer. Therefore, the compaction energy in the laboratory considered for the simulation of the traffic acting on a pavement structure with 15 cm of asphalt layer should not be the same when the thickness of the surface layer is much smaller, since the structural responses are very different, with the leaner structures being submitted to higher traffic efforts, which should be considered when dosing asphalt mixtures in the laboratory, particularly in Brazil. There are other aggravating factors, such as the concentration of stresses associated with the higher tire inflation pressure and the traffic of overloaded vehicles. The objective of this work is to propose a table with a range of values of the number of gyrations for compaction of asphalt mixtures, for different levels of traffic, adapted from the Superpave table and corrected according to criteria based on analysis of equivalent damages as a function of the asphalt surface layer thickness. In addition to the structural analysis, a laboratory work was developed, with asphalt mixtures designed by the Superpave method, considering all traffic levels and the respective number of gyrations of the gyratory compactor. The asphalt mixtures were designed for the optimum binder content corresponding to an air void of 4%. The test specimens were compacted according to seven traffic energy levels, as established in the Superpave method, with determination of volumetric properties (VMA, Voids in Mineral Aggregates, VFA, Voids Filled with Asphalt, and DP, Dust Proportion) and mechanical properties (MR, Resilient Modulus, and TS, Tensile Strength). Results were compared by Mann-Whitney and KS (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) non-parametric statistical tests, which evaluate whether two samples have distributions of similar values or not. The volumetric properties (VMA, VFA and DP) varied significantly with the compaction energy, and their mean values decreased with increasing traffic energy, while mechanical properties (MR and TS) increased with increasing energy of the design traffic, although, in contiguous energies, there was little difference. It was observed a higher influence of the temperature of MR and TS tests for the higher levels of traffic energy, that is, there is a greater decrease of MR and TS with the temperature increase for the mixtures produced with a greater number of gyrations. Structural analysis was performed with the ELSYM5 program, considering different thicknesses of asphaltic coatings and properties similar to those of the projected asphalt mixtures. The results allowed fatigue life and equivalent damages analyzes under different stresses due to reduction of the thickness of the surface layer or traffic overloads. Fatigue life showed a tendency to increase with the level of traffic considered for mixture design, but with an asymptotic tendency. The increased axle load and tire inflation pressure, when associated with the reduction of the thickness of the asphalt layer, can lead to a reduction in fatigue life by about 60 times for flexible pavements and by about 10 times, for semi-rigid pavements. In an attempt to soften the possible problems affecting the performance of our pavements, the number of gyrations used in the gyratory compactor to design asphalt mixtures should increase by 20 to 50% in flexible pavement and from 4% to 30% in semi-rigid pavement, depending on the traffic energy considered in design, the type of structure selected and the measured vehicle loads.
8

Proposta de ajuste nas energias de compactação para dosagem de misturas asfálticas com uso de compactador giratório em função da estrutura de pavimento / Proposed adjustment in compaction energies for dosing of asphalt mixtures with the use of giratory compactor as a function of the pavement structure

Ricardo Freire Gonçalves 04 December 2018 (has links)
Os pavimentos asfálticos brasileiros são projetados para durar, em média, 10 anos, contudo, em muitos casos, com poucos meses passados da abertura ao tráfego, começam a apresentar problemas que comprometem seu desempenho. Supõe-se que parte principal deste problema resida no fato de ser construído com revestimento asfáltico com espessura inferior às que são usadas nos países que nos servem de referência técnica, o que resulta em maiores esforços. Porém, além do aspecto estrutural, este trabalho aborda, principalmente, os efeitos na dosagem de misturas asfálticas, pois os critérios estabelecidos levam em conta o efeito do tráfego considerando estruturas com 15 cm ou mais de espessura do revestimento asfáltico. Portanto, a energia de compactação em laboratório considerada para a simulação do tráfego atuando em uma estrutura de pavimento com 15 cm de revestimento asfáltico não deve ser a mesma quando a espessura do revestimento for muito menor, pois as respostas estruturais, tensão e deformação, são muito diferentes nos dois casos, sendo as estruturas mais esbeltas submetidas a maiores solicitações do tráfego, o que deveria ser considerado quando da dosagem de misturas asfálticas em laboratório, particularmente no Brasil. Há outros agravantes, como a concentração de tensões associada à maior pressão de enchimento dos pneus e o tráfego de veículos com excesso de carga por eixo. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma tabela com faixa de valores do número de giros de compactação de misturas asfálticas, para diferentes níveis de tráfego, adaptada da tabela do Superpave e corrigida segundo critérios de análise de danos equivalentes em função da espessura de revestimento. Além da análise estrutural, teórica, foi desenvolvido um trabalho laboratorial, com misturas asfálticas dosadas pelo método Superpave, considerando-se todos os níveis de tráfego e os respectivos número de giros de projeto do compactador giratório. As misturas asfálticas foram projetadas para o teor ótimo de ligante correspondente a um volume de vazios de 4%. Os corpos de prova foram compactados segundo sete níveis de energia de tráfego, conforme estabelecido no método Superpave, com determinação de propriedades volumétricas (VAM, Vazios do Agregado Mineral, RBV, Relação Betume-Vazios, e TF, Teor de Fíler) e mecânicas (MR, Módulo de Resiliência, e RT, Resistência à Tração). Os resultados foram comparados pelos testes estatísticos não paramétricos U de Mann-Whitney e KS (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), que avaliam se duas amostras possuem distribuições de valores similares ou não. As propriedades volumétricas (VAM, RBV e TF) variaram significativamente com a energia de compactação, sendo que seus valores médios diminuíram com o aumento da energia de tráfego, enquanto que as propriedades mecânicas (MR e RT) apresentaram aumento de valor com o aumento da energia do tráfego de projeto, ainda que, em energias contíguas, tenha havido pequena diferença. Foi constatado maior influência da temperatura de realização de ensaios de MR e RT para os maiores níveis de energia de tráfego, ou seja, há maior diminuição de MR e RT com o aumento da temperatura para as misturas produzidas com um maior número de giros. Foi realizada análise estrutural com o programa ELSYM5, considerando-se diferentes espessuras de revestimentos asfálticos e propriedades semelhantes às das misturas asfálticas projetadas. Os resultados permitiram análises de vida de fadiga e de danos equivalentes, sob diferentes esforços, decorrentes de redução na espessura do revestimento ou de sobrecargas do tráfego. A vida de fadiga apresentou tendência de aumento com o nível de tráfego considerado para dosagem da mistura asfáltica, mas com tendência assintótica. O aumento da carga por eixo e da pressão de enchimento de pneus, quando associados à redução de espessura dos revestimentos asfálticos, pode levar a uma redução na vida de fadiga em cerca de 60 vezes, para pavimentos flexíveis, e em cerca de 10 vezes, para pavimentos semirrígidos. Na tentativa de amenizar os possíveis problemas que afetam o desempenho de nossos pavimentos, o número de giros usado no compactador giratório para projetar misturas asfálticas deve aumentar em cerca de 20% a 50% em pavimento flexível e de 4% a 30% em pavimento semirrígido, dependendo da energia de tráfego considerada em projeto, do tipo de estrutura selecionada e dos carregamentos veiculares aferidos. / Brazilian asphalt pavements are designed to last, on average, 10 years, however, in many cases, with only a few months after opened to traffic, they begin to present problems that compromise their performance. It is assumed that the main part of this problem resides in the fact that they are constructed with surface layers with thickness inferior to those that are used in the countries that serve as technical reference, which results in greater efforts. However, in addition to the structural aspect, this work mainly addresses the effects on the dosage of asphalt mixtures, since the established criteria take into account the effect of traffic considering structures with 15 cm or more of thickness of the asphalt layer. Therefore, the compaction energy in the laboratory considered for the simulation of the traffic acting on a pavement structure with 15 cm of asphalt layer should not be the same when the thickness of the surface layer is much smaller, since the structural responses are very different, with the leaner structures being submitted to higher traffic efforts, which should be considered when dosing asphalt mixtures in the laboratory, particularly in Brazil. There are other aggravating factors, such as the concentration of stresses associated with the higher tire inflation pressure and the traffic of overloaded vehicles. The objective of this work is to propose a table with a range of values of the number of gyrations for compaction of asphalt mixtures, for different levels of traffic, adapted from the Superpave table and corrected according to criteria based on analysis of equivalent damages as a function of the asphalt surface layer thickness. In addition to the structural analysis, a laboratory work was developed, with asphalt mixtures designed by the Superpave method, considering all traffic levels and the respective number of gyrations of the gyratory compactor. The asphalt mixtures were designed for the optimum binder content corresponding to an air void of 4%. The test specimens were compacted according to seven traffic energy levels, as established in the Superpave method, with determination of volumetric properties (VMA, Voids in Mineral Aggregates, VFA, Voids Filled with Asphalt, and DP, Dust Proportion) and mechanical properties (MR, Resilient Modulus, and TS, Tensile Strength). Results were compared by Mann-Whitney and KS (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) non-parametric statistical tests, which evaluate whether two samples have distributions of similar values or not. The volumetric properties (VMA, VFA and DP) varied significantly with the compaction energy, and their mean values decreased with increasing traffic energy, while mechanical properties (MR and TS) increased with increasing energy of the design traffic, although, in contiguous energies, there was little difference. It was observed a higher influence of the temperature of MR and TS tests for the higher levels of traffic energy, that is, there is a greater decrease of MR and TS with the temperature increase for the mixtures produced with a greater number of gyrations. Structural analysis was performed with the ELSYM5 program, considering different thicknesses of asphaltic coatings and properties similar to those of the projected asphalt mixtures. The results allowed fatigue life and equivalent damages analyzes under different stresses due to reduction of the thickness of the surface layer or traffic overloads. Fatigue life showed a tendency to increase with the level of traffic considered for mixture design, but with an asymptotic tendency. The increased axle load and tire inflation pressure, when associated with the reduction of the thickness of the asphalt layer, can lead to a reduction in fatigue life by about 60 times for flexible pavements and by about 10 times, for semi-rigid pavements. In an attempt to soften the possible problems affecting the performance of our pavements, the number of gyrations used in the gyratory compactor to design asphalt mixtures should increase by 20 to 50% in flexible pavement and from 4% to 30% in semi-rigid pavement, depending on the traffic energy considered in design, the type of structure selected and the measured vehicle loads.
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Kelių tampriosios dangos konstrukcijų savybių įtaka jų viršutinio sluoksnio eksploataciniams rodikliams / Influence of the properties of flexible road pavement structure on the service indices of wearing courses

Bulevičius, Matas 25 February 2014 (has links)
Disertacijos tikslas – parengti magistralinių automobilių kelių asfaltbetoninės dangos eksploatacinių rodiklių prognozės matematinius modelius, atsižvelgiant į tampriosios dangos konstrukcijos savybes ir transporto priemonių (TP) eismo intensyvumą (EI). Darbe iškelti šie svarbiausieji uždaviniai: išanalizuoti automobilių kelių asfaltbetoninės (AB) dangos eksploatacinius rodiklius lemiančius svarbiausius veiksnius ir atskleisti šių rodiklių blogėjimo priežastis; atlikti magistralinių kelių dangos konstrukcijų (KDK) sluoksniams naudojamų medžiagų kokybės rodiklių tyrimus; nustatyti AB dangos komponentinės sudėties, fizinių bei mechaninių rodiklių ir AB mišiniams naudojamų medžiagų kokybės rodiklių sietį; ištirti AB dangos lygumo ir provėžų gylio kitėjimo dėsningumus; nustatyti AB dangos, kitų (KDK) sluoksnių medžiagų kokybės rodiklių sietį; parinkti dvi racionalias magistralinių kelių tampriosios dangos konstrukcijas (skirtingam TP eismui). Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai ir priedai. Įvade aptarta tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, tyrimų objektas, darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė vertė ir ginamieji teiginiai. Pirmajame skyriuje išnagrinėti įvairių šalių mokslininkų atlikti automobilių kelių asfaltinės dangos bei jos konstrukcijos eksploatacinių rodiklių ir jų funkcionavimo trukmės tyrimai. Antrajame... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the dissertation is based on the properties of flexible road pavement structures to develop a mathematical models for predicting the performance of wearing courses used in the pavements of the main roads. The main tasks of the dissertation are as follows: to analyze the main factors influencing the service indices of asphalt concrete pavements and to determine their reasons; to investigate the quality of materials and mixtures used in pavement structural layers of the main roads; to determine the interaction between asphalt concrete pavement composition and the quality indices of mixture materials; to study regularities of the change in pavement roughness and rut depth; to determine the interaction between the quality indices of materials used in pavement structural layers; to select two rational flexible pavement structures for the main roads (for the different traffic volume). The dissertation consists of introduction, four chapters, general conclusions, the list of references and the list of author’s publications on the topic of the dissertation, addenda. Introduction describes the studied problem, topicality of the problem, the object of research, also the aim and tasks, research methodology, scientific novelty, practical value of the results and the defended propositions. Chapter 1 gives the analysis of scientific researches made by different countries in the field of the performance of asphalt concrete pavements and their structures, duration of their... [to full text]
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Influence of the properties of flexible road pavement structure on the service indices of wearing courses / Kelių tampriosios dangos konstrukcijų savybių įtaka jų viršutinio sluoksnio eksploataciniams rodikliams

Bulevičius, Matas 25 February 2014 (has links)
The aim of the dissertation is based on the properties of flexible road pavement structures to develop a mathematical models for predicting the performance of wearing courses used in the pavements of the main roads. The main tasks of the dissertation are as follows: to analyze the main factors influencing the service indices of asphalt concrete pavements and to determine their reasons; to investigate the quality of materials and mixtures used in pavement structural layers of the main roads; to determine the interaction between asphalt concrete pavement composition and the quality indices of mixture materials; to study regularities of the change in pavement roughness and rut depth; to determine the interaction between the quality indices of materials used in pavement structural layers; to select two rational flexible pavement structures for the main roads (for the different traffic volume). The dissertation consists of introduction, four chapters, general conclusions, the list of references and the list of author’s publications on the topic of the dissertation, addenda. Introduction describes the studied problem, topicality of the problem, the object of research, also the aim and tasks, research methodology, scientific novelty, practical value of the results and the defended propositions. Chapter 1 gives the analysis of scientific researches made by different countries in the field of the performance of asphalt concrete pavements and their structures, duration of their... [to full text] / Disertacijos tikslas – parengti magistralinių automobilių kelių asfaltbetoninės dangos eksploatacinių rodiklių prognozės matematinius modelius, atsižvelgiant į tampriosios dangos konstrukcijos savybes ir transporto priemonių (TP) eismo intensyvumą (EI). Darbe iškelti šie svarbiausieji uždaviniai: išanalizuoti automobilių kelių asfaltbetoninės (AB) dangos eksploatacinius rodiklius lemiančius svarbiausius veiksnius ir atskleisti šių rodiklių blogėjimo priežastis; atlikti magistralinių kelių dangos konstrukcijų (KDK) sluoksniams naudojamų medžiagų kokybės rodiklių tyrimus; nustatyti AB dangos komponentinės sudėties, fizinių bei mechaninių rodiklių ir AB mišiniams naudojamų medžiagų kokybės rodiklių sietį; ištirti AB dangos lygumo ir provėžų gylio kitėjimo dėsningumus; nustatyti AB dangos, kitų (KDK) sluoksnių medžiagų kokybės rodiklių sietį; parinkti dvi racionalias magistralinių kelių tampriosios dangos konstrukcijas (skirtingam TP eismui). Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai ir priedai. Įvade aptarta tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, tyrimų objektas, darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė vertė ir ginamieji teiginiai. Pirmajame skyriuje išnagrinėti įvairių šalių mokslininkų atlikti automobilių kelių asfaltinės dangos bei jos konstrukcijos eksploatacinių rodiklių ir jų funkcionavimo trukmės tyrimai. Antrajame... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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