Climate change is currently one of the most pressing environmental concerns globally and in South Africa. South Africa is especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change because of the country’s socio-economic context, water scarcity, unique geography and climate sensitive biodiversity. South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors are among others major contributors to climate change. The traditional command and control measures designed to mitigate climate change in South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors do not suffice on their own, there is a need for tax-based fiscal measures to assist in mitigating climate change in these sectors. Tax-based fiscal measures offer certain unique climate change mitigation capabilities, therefore numerous tax-based fiscal measures are already in place in South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors. The development of new taxbased fiscal measures should be encouraged and existing tax-based fiscal measures can and should be refined and extended to enhance their climate change mitigation efficacy. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

Climate change is currently one of the most pressing environmental concerns globally and in South Africa. South Africa is especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change because of the country’s socio-economic context, water scarcity, unique geography and climate sensitive biodiversity. South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors are among others major contributors to climate change. The traditional command and control measures designed to mitigate climate change in South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors do not suffice on their own, there is a need for tax-based fiscal measures to assist in mitigating climate change in these sectors. Tax-based fiscal measures offer certain unique climate change mitigation capabilities, therefore numerous tax-based fiscal measures are already in place in South Africa’s road transport and energy sectors. The development of new taxbased fiscal measures should be encouraged and existing tax-based fiscal measures can and should be refined and extended to enhance their climate change mitigation efficacy. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti Lietuvos kelių ir geležinkelių transporto vystymosi tendencijas, įvertinti jų atitikimą darnaus vystymosi principams bei ištirti transporto naudojimo visuomenės įpročius. Vykdant išsikeltus darbo uždavinius buvo renkami, grupuojami, ir analizuojami statistiniai duomenys susiję su transporto sektoriaus darniu vystymusi ir apimantys šio sektoriaus aplinkosauginius, ekonominius bei socialinius aspektus. Duomenys analizuojami programiniais paketais Microsoft Excel ir Statistica 10. Atlikta koreliacinė analizė tarp skirtingų rodiklių siekiant išsiaiškinti jų tarpusavio ryšio stiprumą ir patikimumą. Taip pat buvo atlikta visuomenės apklausa internetinėje prieigoje www.manoapklausa.lt . Apklausa buvo atlikta du kartus – 2010 matų rudenį ir 2011 metų pavasarį – siekiant išanalizuoti visuomenės nuomonės pasikeitimus, susijusius su metų laiko, ekonominės situacijos ir kitų veiksnių pakitimais. Apklausų duomenys buvo analizuojami programiniu paketu SPSS, nustatomas ryšys tarp skirtingų rodiklių grupių. Analizuojamas laikotarpis apima 1995 – 2010 metus. Per šį laikotarpį Lietuvos transporto sektorius labai vystėsi. Ryškiausias augimas buvo kelių transporto sektoriuje. Kelių transporto priemonių skaičius per analizuojamą laikotarpį padidėjo 2,2 karto. Kuro sunaudojimas transporto sektoriuje per analizuojamą laikotarpį išaugo 50 proc. Kuro suvartojimas transporto sektoriuje labai sumažėjo po Rusijos krizės 2001 metais ir dabartinės ekonominės krizės metu. Vis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of research – to analyze the Lithuanian road ant rail transport development trends, assess their compliance with the principles of sustainable development and to investigate the use of public transport habits. By research were collected, grouped and analyzed statistical data related to transport sector sustainable development and covering the sector‘s environmental, economic ad social aspects. The data were analyzed by software packages Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10. Were transacted correlation analysis between the different indicators to identify the relationship strength and reliability. It was also made an public online poll. The poll was made two times – in autumn 2010 and spring 2011 – in order to analyze the changes in public opinion related to seasons, the economic situation changes and other factors. The data of polls were analyzed using SPSS software package, defines the relationship between different indicators. Analyzed period covers the 1995 – 2010 year. During this period, the Lithuania transport sector is highly developed. The largest increase was in the road sector. Road vehicles during the analysis period increased 2,2-fold. Fuel consumption in the transport sector during the analyzed period increased 50 percent. Fuel consumption in the transport sector decreased significantly after the Russian economic crisis of 1999 and the current economic crisis. Road transport has a growing share of goods and passenger turnover. Passenger turnover by road... [to full text]

ES transporto politika siekiama sukurti ekonominius, socialinius ir aplinkosaugos poreikius atitinkančias transporto sistemas, kurios užtikrina Europos gerovę. Transporto sektorius turi tiesioginės įtakos ekonomikos augimui per pamatinių bendrosios rinkos principų – laisvo žmonių, prekių, paslaugų judėjimo – įgyvendinimą. Didžiausia vežimo dalis ES viduje vyksta keliais, jais vežama 44 procentai krovinių ir 85 procentai keleivių, transporto priemonių kasmet padaugėja 3 milijonais. Taip sparčiai augant kelių transporto sektoriui, daugėjant rinkos dalyvių bei aštrėjant konkurencijai tarp vežėjų, vis didesnis dėmesys skiriamas kelių transporto kontrolei. Darbe keliama problema – vežėjų valstybinės priežiūros galimybės, užtikrinant eismo saugą bei vienodas konkurencijos sąlygas visiems kelių transporto paslaugas teikiantiems rinkos dalyviams. Darbo tikslas yra apibrėžtas sisteminiu požiūriu ištirti ir įvertinti vienodų konkurencijos sąlygų užtikrinimo galimybes visiems kelių transporto paslaugas teikiantiems rinkos dalyviams. Naudojami tyrimo metodai: dokumentų analizė teisės aktų tyrimui, nustatant naujai įsigaliojusių teisės aktų poveikį; aprašomosios statistikos metodas – pateikti kiekybiniams ir kokybiniams kontrolės rezultatams; lyginimo metodas, siekiant atskleisti esminių veiksnių, įtakojančių kelių transporto sąlygų gerinimą, tarpusavio sąveikas, priklausomybę. Darbą sudaro trys skyriai. Pirmasis skyrius skirtas ES transporto politikos apžvalgai, nusakant pagrindinius... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / European Union (EU) transport policy aims at creating appropriate transport systems that meets economical, social and environmental demands and improves the wealth of Europe. Transport in general and roads in particular play an economic role of prime importance in modern economies by implementing the free movement of persons, goods and services. Road transport’s inland market share is the largest with carrying 44 percent of goods and 85 percent of passengers and keeps increasing with 3 million vehicles per year. In a highly competitive market, in which companies are under pressure to keep costs to a minimum, action must be taken to improve compliance with essential rules. Compliance with the provisions cannot be enforced unless proper and effective control is brought to bear. This study aims at pointing out the enforcement’s abilities to ensure that the working time rules are applied and enforced uniformly and fairly throughout the Union to avoid any distortion of competition. The following methods of research was used in the study: analysis of documents for studying the legislation, descriptive statistics for presenting quantitative and qualitative results of control, comparison method for developing essential factors that makes influence improving road transport conditions, their reciprocity and dependence. There are three main parts in the study. The first one proposes the review of EU transport policy with its main aims, goals, implementing tools as well as description... [to full text]