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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Apport d’un entraînement utilisant un dispositif robotisé sur la motricité du membre supérieur chez des patients présentant une hémiparésie après un accident vasculaire cérébral / Contribution of a robot-assisted training on motors skills of the upper limb in patients with hemiparesis following stroke.

Pila, Ophélie 08 November 2018 (has links)
Le syndrome de parésie spastique consécutif à un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) comprend plusieurs composantes dont la rétraction musculaire, la parésie sensible à l’étirement et l’hyperactivité musculaire, trois symptômes concourant à une altération de la fonction motrice du membre supérieur dans l’hémiparésie. Les progrès d’un patient atteint par ce syndrome peuvent reposer sur deux types de plasticité cérébrale : post-lésionnelle et liée à l’activité. Les maîtres-mots pour optimiser une récupération motrice par la plasticité liée à l’activité sont : intensité, répétition, effort, attention portée au mouvement, tâche dirigée vers un but et mouvement actif. Au regard des différentes techniques de rééducation, la thérapie utilisant un dispositif robotisé répond à ces principes stimulateurs de la plasticité cérébrale liée à l’activité. Cependant les modalités exactes de l’intervention robotisée et sa durée souhaitable n’ont pas été clarifiées.Une première étude rétrospective a montré que les bénéfices cliniques et cinématiques associés à l’utilisation combinée de l’ergothérapie conventionnelle et de la robot-thérapie sur au moins trois mois suggèrent l’intérêt d’une durée de traitement longue chez des patients aux limitations modérées en phase tardive de la période subaiguë. Une deuxième étude rétrospective suggère qu’à quatre ans, l’évolution lente de la fonction motrice pour ces mêmes patients semble fonction de la sévérité initiale, où finalement les moins bons régressent et les meilleurs s’améliorent un peu. Enfin, une étude prospective randomisée contrôlée en phase subaiguë a démontré que l’entraînement de mouvements sur robot sans assistance améliore l’amplitude active d’extension du coude plus que le même entraînement avec assistance au besoin, qui pourtant a permis au patient d’effectuer environ un tiers de mouvements en plus par séance. Aussi, le facteur difficulté de l’effort prévaudrait sur celui du nombre de répétitions pour stimuler la plasticité cérébrale. Ce dernier principe ne s’exprime cependant que sur le mouvement élémentaire qui est directement entraîné par le robot, en l’occurrence l’extension du coude, tandis que d’autres mouvements fondamentaux dans l’utilisation du bras humain, par exemple la flexion de l’épaule en charge, l’extension du poignet et la préhension digitale, ne sont pas exercés avec la plupart des versions actuelles des robots d’assistance à la rééducation. L’autre limite majeure de la thérapie assistée par un dispositif robotisé est qu’elle ignore la maladie musculaire présentée par les patients (rétractions), ne s’adressant qu’à la composante neurologique de la parésie spastique (parésie de l’agoniste et cocontraction de l’antagoniste). C’est ainsi que malgré le grand nombre de répétitions de mouvements qu’elle permet, nous n’avons pas constaté que la thérapie assistée par un robot se montrait plus efficace que la thérapie conventionnelle seule sur la progression de la fonction globale du membre supérieur en phase subaiguë après un AVC.Les données issues de ce travail devraient permettre aux thérapeutes ayant accès à des dispositifs robotisés d’aide à la rééducation du membre supérieur d’affiner les modalités et la durée de leur prise en charge. L’association de la thérapie assistée par robots à d’autres thérapies pourrait permettre d’optimiser la réduction des troubles moteurs dans l’hémiparésie après un AVC. / Following stroke, the syndrome of deforming spastic paresis includes several components in which three main symptoms, soft tissue contracture, stretch-sensitive paresis and spastic muscle overactivity, impede motor function. Patient progress may utilize two types of brain plasticity: lesion-induced and behavior-induced. The key notions to optimize motor recovery through behavior-induced plasticity are: repetition, effort, attention to movement, goal-directed task and active movement. Robot-assisted therapy fulfills all these conditions. However, the exact modalities of use and optimal duration are yet to be defined.From a first retrospective study, the magnitude of the clinical and kinematic benefits associated with the combined use of robot-assisted and conventional occupational therapies during three months suggest the value of a long duration treatment in the late subacute phase for moderately impaired hemiparetic patients. A second retrospective study observed the four-year long-term evolution of motor function for these patients, which appears to be related to the baseline severity, in which the more severely affected deteriorate and the less severe patients improve a little. Finally, a prospective randomized controlled study demonstrated that non-assisted movement training was associated with greater active elbow extension improvement than training with the assist-as-needed modality even though the latter offered the patient 33% movements more in each session. Therefore, the difficulty of effort appears to be a more effective factor of brain plasticity than the number of movement repetitions. This principle has however been demonstrated only for the primary movement directly trained by the robot, that is, elbow extension. The other movements that are essential in human upper limb use, such as shoulder flexion, wrist extension, gross and fine digit prehension, are not trained with the most current versions of robots used in upper limb rehabilitation. In addition, another important limitation of robot-assisted therapy is that it ignores the muscle disorder (antagonist shortening) of spastic paresis by focusing only on the neural disorder component (paresis in agonists and cocontraction in antagonists). Despite the high number of movement repetitions in robot-assisted therapy, our prospective study has not been able to show superiority of robot-assisted therapy over conventional occupational therapy in improving overall upper limb motor function in the subacute phase after stroke.The findings of this work should help therapists with access to robotic devices to refine the modalities and duration of their use in patient care. Combining robot-assisted therapy with other therapies might optimize the reduction of motor disorder in hemiparesis following stroke.
2

Functional and Robust Human-Machine Interface for Robotic-Assisted Therapy of the Shoulder after Stroke

Paredes Calderon, Liliana Patricia 21 November 2016 (has links)
No description available.
3

Využití roboticky asistované terapie ruky u pacientů po cévní mozkové příhodě v chronické fázi: follow up studie aplikace přístroje AMADEO / The Application of Robot-Assisted Therapy of Hand in Patients after Stroke in Chronic Phase: Follow-up Trial of Application of AMADEO Instrument

Oktábcová, Alice January 2016 (has links)
Name: Alice Oktábcová Supervisor: Mgr. et Mgr. Jaromíra Uhlířová Oponent: ……………. Diploma thesis: The Application of Robot-Assisted Therapy of Hand after Stroke: Follow-Up Trial of Application of AMADEO Instrument Key words: stroke, robot-assisted therapy, Amadeo Instrument, follow-up study, upper extremity In recent years, western countries noted a gradual increase in stroke survivors. Stroke can cause motor activity impairment and also senzoric and cognitive disorders which lead into restriction of participation of activities of daily living and also reduction of social and community activities. Functional improvment of upper and lower extremity after stroke is a very complex proces which has to be solved in multidiscplinary and multifactorial approach in result of every stroke survivor to live in the most independent way as possible. Robot-assisted therapy for motor recovery could be a successful way to improve motor activity of stroke survivors. Amadeo Instrument is one of robot-assisted therapy for hand rehabilitation of stroke survivors. This instrument can be described as final effector without exoskeleton which allows functional motor therapy for fingers and also a motivational feedback. Amadeo therapy can be passive, assisted, active and also interactive. The aim of this thesis is to...
4

A Low-Cost Social Companion Robot for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Velor, Tosan 11 November 2020 (has links)
Robot assisted therapy is becoming increasingly popular. Research has proven it can be of benefit to persons dealing with a variety of disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and it can also provide a source of emotional support e.g. to persons living in seniors’ residences. The advancement in technology and a decrease in cost of products related to consumer electronics, computing and communication has enabled the development of more advanced social robots at a lower cost. This brings us closer to developing such tools at a price that makes them affordable to lower income individuals and families. Currently, in several cases, intensive treatment for patients with certain disorders (to the level of becoming effective) is practically not possible through the public health system due to resource limitations and a large existing backlog. Pursuing treatment through the private sector is expensive and unattainable for those with a lower income, placing them at a disadvantage. Design and effective integration of technology, such as using social robots in treatment, reduces the cost considerably, potentially making it financially accessible to lower income individuals and families in need. The Objective of the research reported in this manuscript is to design and implement a social robot that meets the low-cost criteria, while also containing the required functions to support children with ASD. The design considered contains knowledge acquired in the past through research involving the use of various types of technology for the treatment of mental and/or emotional disabilities.

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