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Automation is creating revolution in the present industrial sector, as it reduces manpower and time of production. Our project mainly deals around the shearing operation, were the sheet is picked manually and placed on the belt for shearing which involves risk factor. Our challenge is designing of pick and place operator to carry the sheet from the stack and place it in the shearing machine for the feeding. We have gone through different research papers, articles and had observed the advanced technologies used in other industries for the similar operation. After related study we have achieved the design of a 3-jointed robotic arm were the base is fixed and the remaining joints move in vertical and horizontal directions. The end effector is also designed such that to lift the sheet we use suction cups were the sheet is uplifted with a certain pressure. Here we used Creo-Parametric for design and Autodesk-Inventor 2017 to simulate the designed model.

Previous research in force control has focused on the choice of appropriate servo implementation without corresponding regard to the choice of mechanical hardware. This report analyzes the effect of mechanical properties such as contact compliance, actuator-to-joint compliance, torque ripple, and highly nonlinear dry friction in the transmission mechanisms of a manipulator. A set of requisites for high performance then guides the development of mechanical-design and servo strategies for improved performance. A single-degree-of-freedom transmission testbed was constructed that confirms the predicted effect of Coulomb friction on robustness; design and construction of a cable-driven, four-degree-of- freedom, "whole-arm" manipulator illustrates the recommended design strategies.

Ο πρωταρχικός στόχος αυτής της εργασίας είναι η υλοποίηση μιας βιομηχανικής διάταξης σε εργαστηριακή κλίμακα στην οποία να συνεργάζονται ένα στερεοσκοπικό σύστημα και ένας ρομποτικός βραχίονας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η διαδικασία χωρίζεται σε δύο μέρη, την αναγνώριση στο χώρο των επιθυμητών αντικειμένων και την οδήγηση βάση αυτής του ρομποτικού βραχίονα. Για το πρώτο μέρος έγινε χρήση της βιβλιοθήκης OpenCV σε γλώσσα C++ και ως στερεοσκοπικό υλικό χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δύο παράλληλα διατεταγμένες κάμερες τύπου webcam. Η διαδικασία που ακολουθήθηκε για την αναγνώριση θέσης χωρίστηκε σε αρκετά βήματα. Αρχικά δημιουργήθηκε ένα πρόγραμμα το οποίο αποθηκεύει καρέ από τις δύο κάμερες στα οποία απεικονίζεται ένα μοτίβο βαθμονόμησης. Στη συνέχεια, αυτές οι εικόνες εισάγονται στον κώδικα βαθμονόμησης με στόχο να υπολογιστούν οι εγγενείς και εξωγενείς παράμετροι των καμερών. Έπειτα, με τη χρήση των παραμέτρων αυτών και τη θεωρία της επιπολικής γεωμετρίας μπορεί να γίνει η αναγνώριση θέσης ενός αντικειμένου στο χώρο. Τέλος, χρησιμοποιείται ένας αλγόριθμος εντοπισμού του κέντρου ενός αντικειμένου στην οθόνη με βάση το χρώμα έτσι ώστε να καθοριστεί για ποιο αντικείμενο ο αλγόριθμος θα υπολογίσει τη θέση. Στο δεύτερο μέρος χρησιμοποιήθηκε ο ρομποτικός βραχίονας Katana s400 6M90G της εταιρείας Neuronics, ο οποίος προγραμματίστηκε σε γλώσσα C++, σε περιβάλλον Visual Studio 2008. Αρχικά, βρέθηκαν οι γωνίες Euler της αρπάγης, για διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις του προσανατολισμού της. Με τον συνδυασμό των συντεταγμένων του αντικειμένου, που βρίσκονται από το στερεοσκοπικό σύστημα καθοδηγείται το Katana ώστε να το πιάσει. Τα πειράματα που διεξαχθήκαν περιλάμβαναν την αρπαγή στάσιμων αντικειμένων με γενικό και οριζόντιο προσανατολισμό εργαλείου. Τέλος, πραγματοποιήθηκαν πειράματα με αντικείμενα εν κινήσει, τυχαίας θέσης με γενικό, κάθετο και οριζόντιο προσανατολισμό αρπάγης. / The primary objective of this thesis is the implementation of an industrial system at laboratory scale in which a stereo system collaborates with a robotic arm. More specifically, the process is divided into two parts, the recognition of the desired objects and the manipulation of the robotic arm. In the first part were used the OpenCV library, in C ++ language and two parallel web-cameras. The procedure for the recognition of the objects, was divided into several steps. Initially a number of images were inserted in the calibration algorithm in order to estimate the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters. Then, using these parameters and the epipolar geometry it was possible to recognize the position of an object in 3D space. Finally, an algorithm is used to locate the center of an object on the screen by color in order to determine for what object the algorithm will calculate the position. In the second part was used the robotic arm Katana s400 6M90G by Neuronics, programmed in C ++, in Visual Studio 2008. Initially, the Euler angles of the gripper for different orientations were found. Given the coordinates of the objects, provided by the stereo system, the Katana arm was guided to grasp them. The experiments that were conducted included the grasping of stationary objects in a general and horizontal orientation of the Katana tool. Finally, experiments were performed with objects in motion and random position in general, vertical and horizontal orientation of the gripper.

Control of mechatronic systems remain an open problem in control theory despite the research work worldwide in the last decade. Uncertainties in mechatronic systems, which includes faults, and disturbance, will often cause undesired behaviours, affecting the systems performances, may lead to the system failure, or even causing safety issues. Control reconfiguration is an active approach in control systems field. However, controller reconfiguration involves changes in its parameters and structure. System stability might not be able to be guaranteed during the parameters tuning, which might cause more damage to system stability, sometimes may cause safety issues. Due the on-line reconfiguration has a scope, during which the system stability can not be guaranteed. This leads that the systems must be turned off during reconfiguration process. In many industrial areas, such as metallurgy, forging, and manufacturing, shutting down the streamline leads to significant levels of lost productivity and unacceptable economic losses. As alternative to control reconfiguration approach, in this thesis two methods are proposed to deal with faults and disturbances. The first method is the fault matrix observer and the second one is the set-point re-planning. The idea of both methods is to compensate the faults and disturbances which affect the system performances without changing the controller structure or controller parameters.

The diploma thesis deals with a new approach to create a robotic arm trajectory. The first part descibes existing methods of trajectory planning. The second part shows virtual point method, implementation of the trajectory planning into the web environment and trajectory generation. Third part descibes the virtual robot model and designed comunnication protocols. The fourth part shows grafical user interface and his posibilities. The last part presents implemention of web aplication into industrial visualization.

As drones become more widespread throughout modern industry, the demand for drone automation increases. Drones are used for many applications, but their effectiveness relies heavily on their battery life. By designing, implementing, and evaluating an automatic drone landing and battery exchange system, drone missions can be more streamlined and efficient by eliminating the need for manual battery exchange. Previous projects within this topic rely on high-precision landing combined with a manipulator with low degrees of freedom for battery removal. This project offers a solution that allows less strict landing requirements to better fit drones of different sizes and shapes for a wide variety of applications. This autonomous drone landing and battery exchange system uses a robotic arm with 6 degrees of freedom for battery removal and on-board image processing to locate and land on a large, rotatable landing pad.

This paper looks at all aspects of developing a robotic arm and hand that consists of five fingers which is able to imitate human movements. The imitation ability, accuracy and factors affecting both points are studied. A project like this requires the interplay of various electrical components to achieve the desired results.The prototype constructed measured the controller’s movements of the fingers with the help of flex sensors. The movements in the elbow and wrist however were measured with the help of potentiometers. The flex sensors and potentiometers were connected to an Arduino Mega which then sent the values with the help of a transmitter. The robotic arm consists of an Arduino Uno, seven servomotors and a receiver that reads the messages sent from the transmitter. All values were converted into degrees that rotated the motor axles accordingly. The prototype produced positive results, showing that it was able to copy all movements done by the controller. Tests were conducted to study the accuracy and imitationability. The conclusion was that the factors affecting imitation and accuracy were mostly connected to the weight of the robot and the design of the hand. / Denna uppsats behandlar olika aspekter i utvecklingen av en robotarm vars gripdon är en hand med fem fingrar, med syfte att kunna imitera mänskliga rörelser. Imitationsförmågan, noggrannheten samt vilka faktorer som påverkar dessa studeras. För att uppnå ett önskvärt resultat har det krävts styrning och samverkan mellan olika elektroniska komponenter. I prototypen som presenteras mättes fingrarnas rörelsemed hjälp av flexsensorer samt rörelsen i armbåge och handleden med hjälp av vridpotentiometrar. Flexsensorerna och potentiometrarna var anslutna till en Arduino Mega vars värden skickades med hjälp av en sändare. Elektronikkomponenterna som användes i robotarmen var en ArduinoUno, sju servomotorer och en mottagare, vars funktion var att läsa av meddelanden som skickades från sändaren. Alla värden omvandlades till grader och motoraxlarna roterade i enlighet med dessa. Prototypen uppnådde ett önskvärt betteende då roboten hade förmågan att imitera alla rörelser som utfördes av styrenheten. Noggrannheten och imitationsförmågan undersöktes med olika tester. De mest betydelsefulla faktorer som påverkade imitationen och noggrannheten av prototypen var kopplade till vikten av roboten och designen av handen, enligt slutsatserna som har dragits.

Robotic arms are essential in a variety of industrial processes. However, the dexterous workspace of a robotic arm is limited. This limitation can be overcome by making the robotic arm mobile. Such robots, which comprise a robotic manipulator installed on a wheeled mobile platform, are called mobile robots. A mobile manipulator can attain a position in space which a robotic arm with fixed base may not be able to reach otherwise. To be applicable to a variety of scenarios, these robots need to meet user-defined margins on their trajectory tracking error, irrespective of the payload transported, faults, and failures. In this thesis, we study the dynamics of mobile manipulator comprising both a differential-drive mobile robot (DDMR) and a robotic arm. Thus, we design a model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) for this mobile manipulator to regulate this vehicle and guarantee robustness to uncertainties in the robot's inertial properties such as the mass of the payload transported and friction coefficients. / Master of Science / Humans are able to perform tasks effectively owing to their extraordinary sense of perception and due to their ability to easily grasp things. Although humans are well-suited to perform any process, within an industrial context, a variety of tasks might pose danger to humans, like dealing with hazardous materials or working in extreme environments. Moreover, humans may suffer from fatigue while performing repetitive tasks. These considerations gave rise to the idea of robots which could do the work for humans and instead of humans. Mobile manipulators are a kind of robot that is well-suited for performing a variety of tasks such as collecting, manipulating, and deploying objects from multiple locations. In order to make robots perform a user-specified task, we need to study how the robot reacts to external forces. This knowledge helps us derive a mathematical model for the robotic system. This dynamical model would then be essential in controlling the motion of the robot. In this thesis, we study the dynamics of a mobile manipulator, which comprises a two-wheeled ground platform and a five degrees-of-freedom robotic arm. The dynamical model of this mobile robot is then employed to design a controller that guarantees user-defined margins of error despite uncertainties in some properties, such as the mass of the payload transported.