Cette thèse a pour ambition de montrer que la représentation du seizième siècle constitue un élément définitoire du théâtre romantique. Le rapport des dramaturges à leurs sources éclaire le goût du seizième siècle qu’ont eu les romantiques et témoigne de la constitution d’un patrimoine dramatique et de la défense d’une poétique qui se veut en rupture avec la tradition théâtrale classique (première partie). Les territoires privilégiés du seizième siècle romantique sont en particulier la France de François Ier, l’Espagne (et l’Empire) de Charles Quint puis de Philippe II, la France des guerres de Religion, l’Angleterre et l’Italie (seconde partie). / This thesis aims at demonstrating that the representation of the sitxteenth century is a criterion which defines Romantic theatre. First, it underscores the relationship between playwhrights and their sources, which enlightens the Romantic taste of the sixteenth century and shows the establishment of a dramatic heritage and of the safeguard of a poetic that wants to break away from the classic theatrical tradition. Then, it focuses on Romantic-sixteenth- century favourite settings : France during the time of Francis the First, Spain (and Empire) of Charles the Fifth and then of Philip the Second, France during the period of the Religious Wars, and finally England and Italy.

O teatro paulistano foi, no período de 1864 a 1898, reflexo do que ocorria na Corte do Rio de Janeiro. De lá eram exportados espetáculos que durante anos encantaram o público da cidade de São Paulo, ávido por diversão e cultura a qualquer preço. Esses espetáculos possuíam como modelo o que era encenado em palcos franceses, cuja dramaturgia apresentava dois veios: a tragédia neoclássica, considerada como teatro sério porque se preocupava com a qualidade literária do texto e, portanto, era dirigida à classe pensante; e o dos dramas românticos, na verdade, melodramas, endereçados à burguesia, classe endinheirada à época, todavia sem lastro cultural. Essas encenações, destinadas, primordialmente, à burguesia, eram ou deveriam ser recheadas de cenas fortes, grandes emoções e levavam ao palco, quase sempre, um enredo previsível e, sobretudo, de cunho sentimental. Se a tragédia neoclássica dirigia-se ao pensamento, os dramas românticos/melodramas eram mera festa para os olhos. Toda essa fermentação teatral chegou ao Brasil via Portugal. Companhias, autores e atores lusitanos deixaram marcas na dramaturgia paulistana do século dezenove - principalmente em encenações que ocorriam nos dois principais teatros da cidade de São Paulo, o São José e o Provisório -, e são essas marcas que a presente tese se propõe a estudar. / The paulistano theater was, during the years 1864 a 1898, a proof about what was happening in the Rio de Janeiro Court. From there, were export any kind of spectacles, which enchanted the public of São Paulo; a kind of public eager for fun and culture and decided to pay for it. Those spectacles or shows had as patterns those performances put on scene on French stages, and which dramaturgy presented two main points: one, the neoclassic tragedy, being considered as the serious theater because it was concerned about the literary quality of the text, and, therefore, it was focused on the thought class. And, the other main point was the romantic drama, indeed, melodramas, for the bourgeoisie, powerful economical class of that time, which had no cultural budget yet. These performances, destined, primordially, to the bourgeoisie, were or would have to be stuffed of strong scenes, great emotions and let to the stage, almost always, a foreseeable plot and, over all, of sentimental matrix. If the neoclassic tragedy was directed to the thought, the romantic dramas/melodramas were just a feast to the eyes. All this theater fermentation arrived to Brazil through Portugal. Portuguese companies, authors and actors left marks in the paulistano dramaturgy of the nineteenth century, mainly in performances which took place in the two main theaters of São Paulo city, such as São José and Provisório, and those marks are what the present thesis has as purpose.

O teatro paulistano foi, no período de 1864 a 1898, reflexo do que ocorria na Corte do Rio de Janeiro. De lá eram exportados espetáculos que durante anos encantaram o público da cidade de São Paulo, ávido por diversão e cultura a qualquer preço. Esses espetáculos possuíam como modelo o que era encenado em palcos franceses, cuja dramaturgia apresentava dois veios: a tragédia neoclássica, considerada como teatro sério porque se preocupava com a qualidade literária do texto e, portanto, era dirigida à classe pensante; e o dos dramas românticos, na verdade, melodramas, endereçados à burguesia, classe endinheirada à época, todavia sem lastro cultural. Essas encenações, destinadas, primordialmente, à burguesia, eram ou deveriam ser recheadas de cenas fortes, grandes emoções e levavam ao palco, quase sempre, um enredo previsível e, sobretudo, de cunho sentimental. Se a tragédia neoclássica dirigia-se ao pensamento, os dramas românticos/melodramas eram mera festa para os olhos. Toda essa fermentação teatral chegou ao Brasil via Portugal. Companhias, autores e atores lusitanos deixaram marcas na dramaturgia paulistana do século dezenove - principalmente em encenações que ocorriam nos dois principais teatros da cidade de São Paulo, o São José e o Provisório -, e são essas marcas que a presente tese se propõe a estudar. / The paulistano theater was, during the years 1864 a 1898, a proof about what was happening in the Rio de Janeiro Court. From there, were export any kind of spectacles, which enchanted the public of São Paulo; a kind of public eager for fun and culture and decided to pay for it. Those spectacles or shows had as patterns those performances put on scene on French stages, and which dramaturgy presented two main points: one, the neoclassic tragedy, being considered as the serious theater because it was concerned about the literary quality of the text, and, therefore, it was focused on the thought class. And, the other main point was the romantic drama, indeed, melodramas, for the bourgeoisie, powerful economical class of that time, which had no cultural budget yet. These performances, destined, primordially, to the bourgeoisie, were or would have to be stuffed of strong scenes, great emotions and let to the stage, almost always, a foreseeable plot and, over all, of sentimental matrix. If the neoclassic tragedy was directed to the thought, the romantic dramas/melodramas were just a feast to the eyes. All this theater fermentation arrived to Brazil through Portugal. Portuguese companies, authors and actors left marks in the paulistano dramaturgy of the nineteenth century, mainly in performances which took place in the two main theaters of São Paulo city, such as São José and Provisório, and those marks are what the present thesis has as purpose.