Most scientists agree that the earth's temperature continues to rise. The heat gain is more pronounced in urban areas due to a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. The urban heat island effect is a seemingly inevitable result of urban development, which has far reaching consequences. With energy costs skyrocketing and the destruction of the environment at risk, urban structures and buildings must do more to make our urban settings more environmentally friendly. So far, there are two well known ways to combat these effects. First, the heat island can be slightly be negated by adding well-watered vegetation to a site. Second, is to use building materials and systems that reflect the light, thus increasing the overall albedo of an urban area. Albedo is the ratio of the light energy is reflected compared that of which is absorbed. The combinations of these two practices are some of the components in green architecture. To Date, the United States has been slow to adopt policies that reduce the urban heat gain. Likewise, developers have been hesitant to construct these buildings due to implied cost and lack of knowledge. The intent of this project is to show that there are many strategies and design features that can be implemented to combat the urban heat island effect, even in the most challenging locations. The project will also employ green architecture methods in a commercial sector that has yet to fully grasp the potential to reduce heat gain and lower the urban heat island effects. To aid in the research, this project will detail buildings that are already addressing the urban heat island. The document will identify the most effective and inexpensive ways to solve this problem. It will also describe what can be done to reduce heat waste generated by lighting and cooling. In doing so, the information garnered should lead to design strategies that new buildings can utilize to reduce the urban heat island effect.

A house is situated into a newly designed urban structure, witch we devised in our previous lessons in studio. The project aslo includes a new Mendel’s squar design nearby the house location. The house is a corner vacant in the Křížová Street. The house is thought to contain flats for young people and families due to its location. Most of the apartments are maisonettes. The house has become a tenement house with courtyard galleries because this is typical for this place. The concept of the house is based on the rotation of one wing of the house away from the noisy street with a lot of traffic and trams. There is created a place with many opposite courtyard galleries and apertures. The concept also devides a part of the house facing the street into two main distinct sections. There is a yard with a garden between the two wings of the house and the inhabitants will be able to relax there. The building is higher than an opposite gabled house and it also responds to a corner gabeld house in the Mendel’s squar. The house will be a new dominant in the crossroad among Vaclavcká street, Křížová street and Křídloviská street. There are coffe to go, fitness center and other commercial premises in the ground floor and the first floor. There are 30 flats (including 22 maisonettes) with an avarage area of 67 square meters and 70 parking places in underground garage.

The main objective of the master´s thesis was a design of the town house in the complicated topografical situation of the foothill of Pekařská street. The topography of the building site is influenced by its surroundings. The street Pekařská is lowering from east to west, but the road Anenská is rising from east to west. The biggest difference between the the lowest and the highest point of the site is 7,5 m. This situation enables to design three entrances to three different floors of the building. An outstanding point of the design of the house is a composition axis which is running up Pekařská street. The town house is facing this axis thus the main entrance of the house is accented. There was a compact house designed, which takes advantage of its very good position – there is a two-floor solution with a shopping mall. The hall in its middle is opening over two floors and it is lightened through a roof lightwell. On this platform is situated an „L“ shaped part of the building, which creates a protection against very noisy Pekařská street. The house is opening its form to the south, to a sunny roof garden. This garden is opened only for inhabitants of the house. The garden improves the quality of the living in the house and substitutes a green area, which used to be in this place. The shape of the building is lowering down from Pekařská street to Anenská road. There are some terraces designed this way to improve the living in the roof apartments and provide a beatiful view to the west.

A presente tese tem como objetivo o resgate do estudo do terraço-jardim de Le Corbusier como projeto na arquitetura moderna gaúcha de 1940 a 1959 e a identificação de quais são os usos múltiplos de hoje. O terraço-jardim é considerado não só como um elemento compositivo, mas também ambiental. Com a densificação das cidades, cresce a importância da utilização dos espaços nas coberturas das edificações. A implantação do terraço-jardim traz soluções para o uso do teto plano, promovendo melhorias para a habitabilidade, a multifuncionalidade e a sociabilidade. A pesquisa enfoca os aspectos físico-compositivos e ambientais das edificações em estudo. Por outro lado, procura entender o que ocorreu na legislação urbana para estimular ou não a implantação do terraço-jardim em Porto Alegre. Nas considerações finais, identificou-se que a hipótese defendida no trabalho, de que o terraço-jardim, um dos cinco pontos da arquitetura moderna, sistematizado por Le Corbusier e preconizado nos planos modernos de Porto Alegre, efetivamente não se estabeleceu na capital gaúcha. Durante a investigação, verificou-se que a ideia corbusiana existiu apenas como conceito de projeto. Embora não se tenha identificado, nos exemplares analisados, aquele espaço de qualificação estética proposto pela arquitetura moderna, houve uma preocupação em deixar a laje plana na cobertura. Na análise da legislação, o Plano Diretor de 1959/61 demonstrou ser desfavorável à materialização do terraço-jardim ao rebaixar a altura dos edifícios e o índice de aproveitamento. Hoje, o Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Ambiental – I PDDUA, traz a oportunidade de utilizar a última laje, o que pode ser um incentivo para o (re)inventar do terraço-jardim. / The present work aims at recovering the study of Le Corbusier’s design of the roof garden as a project in modern architecture in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1940 to 1959, as well as identifying the current uses of this design. The roof garden is considered both a composition and an environmental element. As urban densification increases, it becomes even more important to utilize the spaces in penthouses. The construction of roof gardens would bring solutions regarding the use of flat roofs, improving habitability, multifunctionality, and sociability. This research focuses on environmental and physical composing aspects of the buildings hereby studied. This research also aims at understanding what has occurred to the urban legislation in Brazil to stimulate or not the construction of roof gardens in the city of Porto Alegre. In the concluding remarks, the hypothesis of this work has been confirmed: the roof garden, one of the five points of modern architecture developed by Le Corbusier and advocated in modern planning in Porto Alegre, has not established itself in this city. During the analysis, it was verified that the Corbusian idea existed only as a project concept. Even though that space of aesthetic qualification proposed by modern architecture has not been identified in the analyzed examples, there was a concern about keeping flat slabs. In the analysis of the Brazilian legislation, the 1959/61 Master Plan appeared to be contrary to the materialization of roof gardens, as it lowered the height of buildings and the utilization rate. In present times, the Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Ambiental – I PDDUA (Master Plan for Environmental and Urban Development) brings the opportunity of utilizing the final slab, which may be an incentive to (re)invent the roof garden.

A presente tese tem como objetivo o resgate do estudo do terraço-jardim de Le Corbusier como projeto na arquitetura moderna gaúcha de 1940 a 1959 e a identificação de quais são os usos múltiplos de hoje. O terraço-jardim é considerado não só como um elemento compositivo, mas também ambiental. Com a densificação das cidades, cresce a importância da utilização dos espaços nas coberturas das edificações. A implantação do terraço-jardim traz soluções para o uso do teto plano, promovendo melhorias para a habitabilidade, a multifuncionalidade e a sociabilidade. A pesquisa enfoca os aspectos físico-compositivos e ambientais das edificações em estudo. Por outro lado, procura entender o que ocorreu na legislação urbana para estimular ou não a implantação do terraço-jardim em Porto Alegre. Nas considerações finais, identificou-se que a hipótese defendida no trabalho, de que o terraço-jardim, um dos cinco pontos da arquitetura moderna, sistematizado por Le Corbusier e preconizado nos planos modernos de Porto Alegre, efetivamente não se estabeleceu na capital gaúcha. Durante a investigação, verificou-se que a ideia corbusiana existiu apenas como conceito de projeto. Embora não se tenha identificado, nos exemplares analisados, aquele espaço de qualificação estética proposto pela arquitetura moderna, houve uma preocupação em deixar a laje plana na cobertura. Na análise da legislação, o Plano Diretor de 1959/61 demonstrou ser desfavorável à materialização do terraço-jardim ao rebaixar a altura dos edifícios e o índice de aproveitamento. Hoje, o Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Ambiental – I PDDUA, traz a oportunidade de utilizar a última laje, o que pode ser um incentivo para o (re)inventar do terraço-jardim. / The present work aims at recovering the study of Le Corbusier’s design of the roof garden as a project in modern architecture in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1940 to 1959, as well as identifying the current uses of this design. The roof garden is considered both a composition and an environmental element. As urban densification increases, it becomes even more important to utilize the spaces in penthouses. The construction of roof gardens would bring solutions regarding the use of flat roofs, improving habitability, multifunctionality, and sociability. This research focuses on environmental and physical composing aspects of the buildings hereby studied. This research also aims at understanding what has occurred to the urban legislation in Brazil to stimulate or not the construction of roof gardens in the city of Porto Alegre. In the concluding remarks, the hypothesis of this work has been confirmed: the roof garden, one of the five points of modern architecture developed by Le Corbusier and advocated in modern planning in Porto Alegre, has not established itself in this city. During the analysis, it was verified that the Corbusian idea existed only as a project concept. Even though that space of aesthetic qualification proposed by modern architecture has not been identified in the analyzed examples, there was a concern about keeping flat slabs. In the analysis of the Brazilian legislation, the 1959/61 Master Plan appeared to be contrary to the materialization of roof gardens, as it lowered the height of buildings and the utilization rate. In present times, the Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Ambiental – I PDDUA (Master Plan for Environmental and Urban Development) brings the opportunity of utilizing the final slab, which may be an incentive to (re)invent the roof garden.

A presente tese tem como objetivo o resgate do estudo do terraço-jardim de Le Corbusier como projeto na arquitetura moderna gaúcha de 1940 a 1959 e a identificação de quais são os usos múltiplos de hoje. O terraço-jardim é considerado não só como um elemento compositivo, mas também ambiental. Com a densificação das cidades, cresce a importância da utilização dos espaços nas coberturas das edificações. A implantação do terraço-jardim traz soluções para o uso do teto plano, promovendo melhorias para a habitabilidade, a multifuncionalidade e a sociabilidade. A pesquisa enfoca os aspectos físico-compositivos e ambientais das edificações em estudo. Por outro lado, procura entender o que ocorreu na legislação urbana para estimular ou não a implantação do terraço-jardim em Porto Alegre. Nas considerações finais, identificou-se que a hipótese defendida no trabalho, de que o terraço-jardim, um dos cinco pontos da arquitetura moderna, sistematizado por Le Corbusier e preconizado nos planos modernos de Porto Alegre, efetivamente não se estabeleceu na capital gaúcha. Durante a investigação, verificou-se que a ideia corbusiana existiu apenas como conceito de projeto. Embora não se tenha identificado, nos exemplares analisados, aquele espaço de qualificação estética proposto pela arquitetura moderna, houve uma preocupação em deixar a laje plana na cobertura. Na análise da legislação, o Plano Diretor de 1959/61 demonstrou ser desfavorável à materialização do terraço-jardim ao rebaixar a altura dos edifícios e o índice de aproveitamento. Hoje, o Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Ambiental – I PDDUA, traz a oportunidade de utilizar a última laje, o que pode ser um incentivo para o (re)inventar do terraço-jardim. / The present work aims at recovering the study of Le Corbusier’s design of the roof garden as a project in modern architecture in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1940 to 1959, as well as identifying the current uses of this design. The roof garden is considered both a composition and an environmental element. As urban densification increases, it becomes even more important to utilize the spaces in penthouses. The construction of roof gardens would bring solutions regarding the use of flat roofs, improving habitability, multifunctionality, and sociability. This research focuses on environmental and physical composing aspects of the buildings hereby studied. This research also aims at understanding what has occurred to the urban legislation in Brazil to stimulate or not the construction of roof gardens in the city of Porto Alegre. In the concluding remarks, the hypothesis of this work has been confirmed: the roof garden, one of the five points of modern architecture developed by Le Corbusier and advocated in modern planning in Porto Alegre, has not established itself in this city. During the analysis, it was verified that the Corbusian idea existed only as a project concept. Even though that space of aesthetic qualification proposed by modern architecture has not been identified in the analyzed examples, there was a concern about keeping flat slabs. In the analysis of the Brazilian legislation, the 1959/61 Master Plan appeared to be contrary to the materialization of roof gardens, as it lowered the height of buildings and the utilization rate. In present times, the Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Ambiental – I PDDUA (Master Plan for Environmental and Urban Development) brings the opportunity of utilizing the final slab, which may be an incentive to (re)invent the roof garden.

The systemic relationship between the human entity and its environment, under the constraint of its function, were used as the perfect example to design and create the systemic relationship of an urban regenerative building with its economical, environmental and social context in the Inner City of Pretoria. / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Architecture / unrestricted

The diploma thesis deals with design documentation multifuncional object in Uherský Brod. The building consists of two parts. First part has five floors and saddle roof with an angle of 12°, second part has three floors and green roof. In the basement are car parking and storages. In the first floor is a pharmacy, restaurant, shop and hairdresser´s. In the second floor is located fitness center and four flats. In the third and fourth floors are nine flats. The structural system of building is reinforced concrete frame. The project was processed by a computer program ArchiCAD.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the new building of the alliative care center in Žamberk. It is a detached building, which is partly basement and has three above-ground floors. From the operating point of view, it is a medical-social facility. The facility has a range of palliative care services - a dormitory, a day hospice, a mobile hospice facility and outpatient services. Due to the type of facilities and persons using the facilities, emphasis was placed on the location of an object situated on the outskirts of the city in the area of other social and health facilities designed for long-term residence in a quiet, quiet environment with plenty of surrounding greenery. The mass of the building consists of several blocks, the shape and material solution is simple. The construction system is a monolithic reinforced concrete skeleton, coated with ceramic blocks. Several types of flat roofs are covered, 2NP is designed as a receding floor with a barrier-free terrace.

The main goal of this diploma project is detailed design documentation of the House with hospic care, Litomyšl. The building consists of two upper ground floor levels. First ground floor is partially recessed into the terrain. The layout responds to the main purpose of the building - healthcare and social centre. Hospic is located on the edge of the city, it has the L-shaped form. The area with rooms for patients is distributed along the southern facade. The objective of connecting the interior and garden in the courtyard has been considered while forming the exterior finishing surfaces. The capacity of the hospice centre is 15 beds. The building structure is made of masonry walls with reinforced concrete slabs and combination of single sloped roof with flat roof.