<p>Uvod: Sistem kanala korena je složena celina koja pored glavnog korenskog kanala sadrži brojne lateralne, sekundarne, akcesorne kanale, apikalne istmuse i delte, kao i razgranatu mrežu dentinskih tubula. Kako korensko kanalni sistem ne može biti u potpunosti oči&scaron;ćen i dezinfikovan postojećim tehnikama instrumentacije, irigacije i intrakanalne medikacije, uloga kanalnog punjenja se ogleda u postizanju trodimenzionalne opturacije kanalnog prostora, &rdquo;pečaćenju&rdquo; preostalih bakterija i onemogućavanju njihovog prodora u periradikularna tkiva. Ispitivanjem reolo&scaron;kih svojstava mogu se bliže odrediti karakteristike tečenja i viskoelastična svojstva endodontskih materijala. Definisanje i razumevanje reolo&scaron;kih svojstava endodontskih silera u različitim uslovima doprinosi pravilnom rukovanju materijalom shodno primenjenoj tehnici opturacije. Cilj istraživanja: ispitivanje viskoelastičnih svojstava tri različita endodontska silera, uključujući i tečenje / prodor silera u dentinske tubule u kombinaciji sa različitim tehnikama opturacije. Materijal i metode: Ukupan uzorak činilo je 132 meziobukalna i meziolingvalna kanala korena prvih donjih molara. Nakon preparacije kanala krunično-apeksnom tehnikom i ProTaper endodontskim instrumentima, uzorak je podeljen u tri grupe u zavisnosti od ispitivanog silera (AH Plus, Sealapex i EndoREZ) i dodatno u četiri podgrupe shodno primenjenoj tehnici opturacije (hladna lateralna kompakcija, monokona tehnika, opturacija sa čvrstim nosačem gutaperke i topla vertikalna kompakcija), &scaron;to je činilo ukupno 12 grupa po 11 kanala. Nakon opturacije, uzorci su poprečno presečeni na rastojanju 3, 5 i 8mm od anatomskog foramena, kako bi se dobili preseci koji odgovaraju apikalnoj, srednjoj i koronarnoj trećini kanala. Koronarne povr&scaron;ine preseka su analizirane skening elektronskim mikroskopom (SEM). Mesto najdubljeg tubularnog prodora silera je izmereno i izraženo u mikrometrima i procentualno u odnosu na ukupno rastojanje dentinski zid kanala - spolja&scaron;nja povr&scaron;ina korena. Viskoelastična svojstva endodontskih silera su ispitana na dinamičkom oscilatornom reometru, frequency sweep testom, na četiri različite temperature: 25&deg;C, 35&deg;C, 40&deg;C i 65&deg;C. Rezultati: Tehnike opturacije silerom AH Plus koje primenjuju toplotu i pritisak daju značajno vi&scaron;u dubinu prodora silera u dentinske tubule u odnosu na tehnike koje ne primenjuju. Primena toplote i pritiska tokom opturacije silerom Sealapex nema značajnu ulogu u dubini prodora silera u dentinske tubule. Tehnike opturacije silerom EndoREZ koje ne primenjuju toplotu i pritisak daju značajno vi&scaron;u dubinu prodora silera u dentinske tubule u odnosu na tehnike koje primenjuju. Dubina prodora sva tri ispitivana endodontska silera u dentinske tubule je najvi&scaron;a u koronarnoj trećini, zatim srednjoj i značajno je niža u apikalnoj trećini kanala korena. AH Plus, Sealapex i EndoREZ ispoljavaju viskoelastični karakter sa dominantnim vrednostima elastičnog modula u odnosu na vrednosti viskoznog modula, na svim zadatim temperaturama, u opsegu primenjenih frekvencija i napona smicanja. Kompleksni viskozitet svih ispitivanih silera opada sa porastom frekvencije, na svim zadatim temperaturama. Sa porastom temperature kompleksni viskozitet silera AH Plus opada, dok za silere Sealapex i EndoREZ raste. Korelacionom analizom ustanovljena je jaka negativna korelacija između kompleksnog viskoziteta ispitivanih silera i dubine prodora u dentinske tubule: opadanjem kompleksnog viskoziteta dubina prodora silera u dentinske tubule raste. Zaključak: Odabir endodontskog silera treba da je zasnovan na tehnici opturacije koja se primenjuje.</p> / <p>Introduction: The root canal system has a complex anatomy with main root canal and many lateral, secondary, accessory canals, apical isthmuses and deltas, as well as numerous branched dentinal tubules. Due to its complexity, the root canal system cannot be completely cleaned, shaped and disinfected using available techniques of instrumentation, irrigation and intracanal medication. The aim of root canal filling is to achieve a three-dimensional obturation of the root canal space, entomb residual bacteria and prevent their penetration into the periradicular tissue. Defining and understanding the rheological properties of endodontic sealers in different conditions contributes to the proper handling of the material according to the obturation technique applied. The aim: testing the viscoelastic properties of three different endodontic sealers, including the flow / sealer penetration into dentinal tubules in combination with different obturation techniques. Materials and Methods: The total sample consisted of 132 mesiobuccal and mesiolingual root canals of first mandibular molars. After root canal preparation using ProTaper endodontic instruments, in crown-down manner, the sample is divided into three groups depending on the tested sealers (AH Plus, Sealapex and EndoREZ) and additionally into four subgroups according to the obturation technique applied (cold lateral compaction, single-cone technique, carrier &ndash; based obturation and warm vertical compaction), making a total of 12 groups of 11 canals. After root canal obturation, the samples were sectioned horizontally at 3, 5 and 8mm from the anatomical foramen, in order to get the sections that correspond to the apical, middle and coronary third of the canal. The coronal surfaces of the sections were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The maximum depth of sealer penetration was measured and expressed in micrometers and as a percent of the total distance: canal dentinal wall - the outer surface of the root. The viscoelastic properties of endodontic sealers were measured using frequency sweep test on dynamic oscillatory rheometer, at four different temperatures: 25&deg;C, 35&deg;C, 40&deg;C and 65&deg;C. Results: Obturation techniques with AH Plus that applied heat and pressure produced a significantly higher depth of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules as compared to techniques that did not apply. The application of heat and pressure during obturation with Sealapex had no a significant role in the depth of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules. Obturation techniques with EndoREZ that did not apply heat and pressure produced a significantly higher depth of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules as compared to techniques that applied. The depth of penetration of all three endodontic sealers into dentinal tubules was the highest in the coronary third, followed by the second and was significantly lower in the apical third of the root canal. AH Plus, Sealapex and EndoREZ exhibited viscoelastic character with dominant values of elastic over viscous modulus, at all specified temperatures, in the range of applied frequencies and shear stresses. Complex viscosity of all sealers decreased as the frequency increased at all temperatures. AH Plus showed decreased viscosity as the temperature increased, while Sealapex and EndoREZ demonstrated opposite behavior. Correlation analysis has established a strong negative correlation between the complex viscosity of the tested sealers and the depth of penetration into dentinal tubules: the decrease of complex viscosity increase the depth of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules. Conclusion: The choice of endodontic sealer should be based on the obturation technique applied.</p>

Iodoform (PI) and calcium hydroxide- based pastes (PH) are used in pulpectomy of primary teeth, complementing the antimicrobial action of mechanical chemical preparation and promoting tissue repair. These pastes take up and stay for a period of time along the root canal by contacting the periapical region and surrounding tissue, making it the aim of this study to quantify the relative expression of toxicity genes expressed by pastes, evaluating the biocompatibility these materials. By RT-PCR assay, were analyzed cellular mechanisms induced or generated by extracts of endodontic pastes: PI with Nebacetin (PNEB); with Maxitrol (PMAX); chlorhexidine (PCHX); and Guedes Pinto (GP); and PH: Calen® thickened with zinc oxide ( Calen®/ZO); and calcium hydroxide paste with Chlorhexidine (PHCHX); Ultracal®XS, using mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood (PBMC) , for to quantify the gene expression on the cytotoxic mediators: Granzyme A, Granzyme B, Granulysin and Perforin. Prior to gene expression, to analyze aspects of cell viability assays were performed - MTT, LDH and Capases Activity. The results were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test, with p<0.05. The PNEB was the only one among all evaluated pastes that expressed all cytotoxic mediators above mentioned (p<0.05). Reviewed in cell viability, increased by PNEB Caspases 1 and 8 (p<0.05); The PGP increased Caspases 1, 3 and 8 (p<0.05); The PCHX decreased cell viability MTT and LDH, and exhibit increased activity of all Caspases (p<0.05). In PH, Ultracal®XS only presented significant concentration values for Caspase 1 , 3 and 8 (p<0.05). Despite the PNEB have presented high relative gene expression of all cytotoxic mediators analyzed, not caused decrease in cell viability, not causing increased activity of Caspase 3 (effector of apoptosis), demonstrating biocompatibility. Among the PI that showed better biocompatibility under the aspect of cytotoxicity were the PGP and PMAX. The material with cytotoxic potential observed in this experiment was the PCHX as dramatically decreased cell viability, confirmed the two tests and supported by high activity of all the analyzed Caspases, and also due to cell death, the inability of gene expression. All pH played citocompatível behavior, according to tests performed in the light of molecular biology. / Pastas iodoformadas (PI) e a base de hidróxido de cálcio (PH) são empregadas na pulpectomia de dentes decíduos, complementando a ação antimicrobiana do preparo químico mecânico e favorecendo o reparo tecidual. Essas pastas ocupam e permanecem por um período de tempo ao longo do canal radicular, entrando em contato com a região periapical e tecidos adjacentes, tornando-se o objetivo deste estudo quantificar a expressão relativa de genes de toxicidade manifestados pelas pastas, de forma a avaliar a biocompatibilidade das mesmas. Pelo ensaio RT-PCR, foram analisados mecanismos celulares induzidos ou gerados por extratos das pastas endodônticas: PI com Nebacetin (PNEB); com Maxitrol (PMAX); com Clorexidina (PCHX); e Guedes-Pinto (PGP); e PH: Calen® espessada com Oxido de Zinco (Calen®/ZOE); e pasta de Hidróxido de Cálcio com Clorexidina (PHCHX); Ultracal®XS, frente às células mononucleares do sangue periférico humano (CMSP), de forma a quantificar a expressão gênica relativa dos mediadores citotóxicos: Granzima A, Granzima B, Granulisina e Perforina. Previamente à expressão gênica, para analisar aspectos da viabilidade celular, foram realizados ensaios MTT, LDH e atividade de Caspases. Após teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov, os resultados foram tratados por ANOVA de uma via e Tukey, com p<0,05. A PNEB foi a única pasta que expressou todos os mediadores citotóxicos avaliados (p<0.05). Com relação à viabilidade celular, a PNEB apresentou aumento de Caspases 1 e 8 (p<0.05); A PGP levou ao aumento das Caspases 1, 3 e 8 (p<0.05); A PCHX diminuiu a viabilidade celular no MTT e LDH, além de apresentar aumento da atividade de todas as Caspases (p<0.05). Nas PH, somente a Ultracal®XS apresentou valores de concentração significativos para Caspase 1, 3 e 8 (p<0.05). Apesar da PNEB ter apresentado elevada expressão gênica relativa de todos os mediadores citotóxicos analisados, não causou diminuição da viabilidade celular, não ocasionando aumento da atividade da Caspase 3 (efetora da apoptose), demonstrando biocompatibilidade. Dentre as PI que apresentaram melhor biocompatibilidade sob o aspecto de citotoxicidade foram a PGP e PMAX. O material com potencial citotóxico verificado neste experimento foi a PCHX, pois diminuiu drasticamente a viabilidade celular, confirmada em dois ensaios e corroborada pela alta atividade de todas as Caspases analisadas, e ainda, devido à morte celular, a incapacidade de expressão gênica. Todas as PH desempenharam comportamento citocompatível, de acordo com os ensaios realizados e à luz da biologia molecular.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Brasseler USA (Savannah, GA) developed and introduced a bioceramic putty called EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) that can be used as a retrofilling material for surgical endodontics. The material is said to have many of the same chemical, physical, and biological properties as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), but with superior handling characteristics. The material is composed of calcium silicates, monobasic calcium phosphate, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, proprietary fillers, and thickening agents. ERRM is said by the manufacturer to bond to adjacent dentin, have no shrinkage, be highly biocompatible, hydrophilic, radiopaque, and antibacterial due to a high pH during setting. Investigations on the sealing properties of this material have not yet been conducted. The purpose of this study was to compare the microbial leakage of Enterococcus faecalis in teeth with root-end fillings using ProRoot MTA and Brasseler’s ERRM in a dual-chamber bacterial leakage model as described by Torabinejad and colleagues. The aim of this investigation was to compare the bacterial microleakage of these two root-end filling materials exists. Sixty-two human, single-rooted, mandibular premolars in which extraction was indicated were accessed and instrumented in an orthograde fashion with hand and rotary files. Root resection of the apical 3 mm was then completed and root-end retropreparations were created for placement of root-end filling material. Twenty-seven of these premolars had root-end fillings using ProRoot MTA and 27 had root-end fillings using ERRM. Two teeth were used as a positive control group with no root-end filling, and two other teeth were used as a negative control group and were sealed and coated with dentin bonding agent. The teeth were then evaluated for microleakage using a dual-chamber bacterial microleakage model for 40 days as described by Torabinejad and colleagues. Microleakage was determined by the presence of turbidity in the lower chamber of the apparatus and was assessed each day. Fresh samples of E. faecalis were used every three days to inoculate the apparatus and serve as a bacterial challenge for the materials. Results were recorded every day for 30 days. The outcome of interest (bacterial turbidity) and time-to-leakage (in days) were determined for each of the samples. Survival analysis was used to compare the two groups with a Kaplan-Meier plot to visualize the results and a nonparametric log-rank test for the group comparison. The microleakage of ERRM was not statistically different (p > 0.05) than leakage of ProRoot MTA when subjected to E. faecalis over the 40 day observation period. Both groups had a small number of early failures (within 4 days) and no leakage was observed for the remaining 40 days of the study. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. The results of this research support the use of either of these two materials when compared with the controls. The microleakage of Brasseler’s EndoSequence Root Repair Material was at least as good as ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate when tested with E. faecalis.

<p>Već izvesno vreme u stručnoj literaturi vodi se rasprava o biokompatibilnosti materijala koji se koriste u periapikalnoj hirurgiji. Pored biokompatibilnosti, od materijala za retrogradnu opturaciju kanala korena zuba se očekuje da spreči prodor bakterija iz kanalnog sistema u okolna tkiva. Kvalitetno rubno zaptivanje, odnosno adekvatna marginalna adaptacija su među najznačajnijim faktorima za dugoročan uspeh tretmana. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitati biokompatibilnost i utvrditi da li postoji razlika u biokompatibilnosti između mineral-trioksid agregata, trikalcijum-silikatnog cementa i amalgama na osnovu tri standadna testa citotoksičnosti, kao i utvrditi marginalnu adaptaciju ispitivanih materijala za retrogradno zatvaranje kanala korena zuba. Materijali i metode: Eksperimentalni deo istraživanja je podeljen na dva dela. U prvom delu istraživanja je vr&scaron;eno ispitivanje biokompatibilnosti materijala, dok je u drugom delu vr&scaron;eno ispitivanje marginalne adaptacije na osnovu mikrofotografija dobijenih skening elektronskim mikroskopom. Ispitivanje biokompatibilnosti je izvr&scaron;eno na dve ćelijske linije, liniji mi&scaron;jih fibroblasta (L929) i liniji humanih fibroblasta (MRC-5). U eksperimentima su kori&scaron;ćene samo žive (vijabilne) ćelije. Broj ćelija i njihova vijabilnost je određena testom odbacivanja boje sa 0,1% tripan plavim. Vijabilnost ćelija kori&scaron;ćenih u eksperimentu je bila veća od 90%. Biokompatibilnost sve tri vrste materijala je ispitana na osnovu standardnih testova biokompatibilnosti: DET test, MTT test, Agar difuzioni test. Ispitivanje marginalne adaptacije je sprovedeno na 90 ekstrahovanih jednokorenih zuba interkaninog sektora gornje vilice sa intaktnom pulpom, zavr&scaron;enim rastom korena, bez frakture i resorpcije korena zuba. Izvr&scaron;ena je endodontska obrada svih zuba i nakon toga su zubi ostavljeni u vlažnoj sredini na 48h, da bi se sprečile frakture prilikom sečenja. Nakon mehaničko medikamentozne obrade i opturacije kanala korena zuba je vr&scaron;ena resekcija vrha korena zuba 3mm, a nakon toga su svi zubi preparisani do dubine od 3 mm unutar kanala, ultrazvučnim nastavcima (EMS, miniMaster Piezon scaler). Zubi su naizmenično podeljeni u 3 grupe (30 zuba po grupi). Prvu grupu čine zubi kojima je apikalni kavitet biti ispunjen amalgamom, u drugoj grupi, apikalni kavitet je ispunjen MTA, a u trećoj trikalcijum-silikatnim cementom. Nakon retrogradne opturacije, zubi su ostavljeni u vlažnoj sredini 48h, do potpunog vezivanja ispitivanih materijala. Nakon vezivanja ispitivanih materijala, zubi su sečeni longitudinalno, finom dijamantskom &scaron;ajbnom. Marginalna adaptacija ispitivanih materijala je procenjena skening elektronskim mikroskopom (SEM). Pripremljeni uzorci su posmatrani pod uvećanjima 30x, 40x, 80x i 100x. Uvećanje 30x je rađeno radi prikaza celokoupnog retrogradnog punjenja na jednom snimku, tj. spoja materijal-zub. Nakon toga je napravljeno vi&scaron;e uzastopnih snimaka sauvećanjem 80x do pune dužine materijala. Na taj način je utvrđeno postojanje i izvr&scaron;eno merenje marginalne pukotine u mikrometrima. Merenja ukupne dužine marginalne pukotine u mikrometrima u 5 tačaka sa obe strane preparata su vr&scaron;ena u softverskoj aplikaciji Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). Tačke su izabrane tako da tačka 1a i tačka 5a predstavljaju gornju i donju ivicu preparata. Tačka 3a predstavlja sredinu rastojanja između tačke 1a i tačke 5a. Tačka 2a i tačka 4a predstavljaju sredinu razmaka između tačke 1a i 3a, odnosno 3a i a5. Tačke 1b-5b su naspramne tačke. Rezultati biokompatibilnosti ukazuju na visok stepen ćelijske kompatibilnosti svih ispitivanih materijala. Međutim, DET testomnije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u citotoksičnosti između istovetnih ispitivanih materijala u obe ćelijske linije, niti između sva tri ispitivana materijala u obe ćelijske kulture.Poređenjem rezultata MTT testa nakon 24h i 48h, kao i nakon 48h i 72h uočava se da su dobijene srednje vrednosti indeksa citotoksičnosti kod sva tri ispitivana materijala i na obe ćelijske linije manje nakon 48h, odnosno nakon 72h, &scaron;to ukazuje na oporavak ćelijskog metabolizma. Poređenjem rezultata nakon 24h i nakon 72h, uočava se znatno veći pad vrednosti indeksa citotoksičnosti nakon 72h kod sva tri ispitivana materijala i na obe ćelijske linije. U kulturi ćelija MRC5, kod sva tri ispitivana materijala postoji statistički značajna razlika između indeksa citotoksičnosti izmerenog nakon 24h i nakon 72h, kao i u kulturi ćelija L929. Agar difuzionim testom nije uočena dekolorizacija, niti liza ćelija ispod ispitivanih materijala. Ćelijski odgovor je 0/0 &scaron;to ukazuje da ovim testom nije utvrđeno postojanje citotoksičnog efekta ispitivanih materijala na ćelijske linije L929 i MRC-5. Ispitivanje marginalne adaptacije materijala je vr&scaron;eno na osnovu mikrofotografija dobijenih skening elektronskim mikroskopom.. Najpre su testirane razlike na prvoj tački merenja. Rezultati ovog testa pokazuju da postoje značajne razlike između materijala i da amalgam ima značajno vi&scaron;e vrednosti izmerenih pukotina u odnosu na preostala dva materijala, dok se vrednosti za MTA i biodentin međusobno značajno ne razlikuju. Kao jo&scaron; jedna referentna tačka uzeta je tačka merenja 5. I u odnosu na vrednosti u ovoj tački merenja zabeležene su značajne razlike između materijala. Post hoc Mann-Whitney test pokazuje da se amalgam značajno razlikuje od preostala dva materijala, dok nema značajnih razlika između MTA i biodentina. Na osnovu medijane može se videti da amalgam ima niže vrednosi u ovoj tački merenja u odnosu na preostala dva materijala. U tačkama 2-4, kao i u tačkama 1-5 (ukupno), ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u marginalnoj adaptaciji ispitivanih materijala. Rezultati biokompatibilnosti ukazuju na visok stepen ćelijske kompatibilnosti svih ispitivanih materijala. Rezultati sva tri testa pokazuju da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u citotoksičnosti između ispitivanih materijala. MTT test pokazuje da u obe ćelijske kulture, kod istovetnih ispitivanih materijala postoji statistički značajna razlika između indeksa citotoksičnosti izmerenog nakon 24h i nakon 72h. Rezultati ispitivanja marginalne adaptacije pokazuju da u tački 1 najgore zaptiva amalgam, dok izmedju MTA i biodentina nema razlike. U tački 5 najbolje zaptiva amalgam.</p> / <p>Biocompatibility of materials, deployed in periapical surgery, has been a subject of debate in referential literature for some time now. Apart from biocompabillity, root end filling materials are expected to prevent bacteria from entering the surrounding tissue from canal system. The most important factors for successful long term treatment include marginal seal, i.e. adequate marginal adaptation. The aim of this research was to examine biocompatibility and establish the potential difference in biocompatibility between mineral trioxide aggregate, tricalcium silicate cement and dental amalgam according to three cytotoxicity tests, but also to corroborate marginal adaptation of the materials in question for retrograde seal of a root canal. Materials and methods: The experimental part of the research is divided in two parts. In the first part of the research biocompatibility of the materials was examined, while the examination of the marginal adaptation based on the micro images from scanning electron microscope was conducted in the second part. The examination of biocompatibility was executed on two cell lines, mouse fibroblast cell line (L929) and human cell line (MRC-5).Biocompatibility of all three types of material was examined based on three standard biocompatibility tests: DET test, MTT test, Agar diffusion test.The examination of marginal adaptation was carried out on 90 single-rooted tooth extractied human teeth of the intercanine sector of maxilla with intact pulp, mature apices, without root fractures or resorption. All teeth were endodontically treated. After the extirpation, irrigation and opturation, the resection of 3mm of root apex and retrograde preparation with ultrasonic instruments up to 3 mm depth inside the canal was done. Teeth were divided in three groups alternately. The First group include teeth which apical cavitation was filled with amalgam, in the Second group apical cavitation was filled with MTA, and in the Third group with tricalcium silicate cement. After the complete setting of the materials, teeth were cut in longitudinal manner, with fine, diamond tool. Marginal adaptation of the materials was assessed through scanning electron microscope (SEM). Software application Image J software was deployed to measure the total length of marginal fissure in micrometers in 5 pointson both sides of the preparation . The results of biocompatibility indicate high degree of cell compatibility of all tested materials. DET test did not assert any statistically significant difference in cytotoxicity between the same tested materials in both cell lines, nor between all three tested materials in both cell cultures. Comparing the results of MTT test after 24h and 48h, and 48h and 72h, it is noted that middle value of cytotoxicity index with all three tested materials and on both cell lines is lower after 48h, and after 72h, indicating the recovery of cell metabolism. In both cell cultures, with all three tested materials there is statistically significant difference between measured cytotoxicity indices after 24h and after 72h. Agar diffusion test did not show decolorization, nor cell lysis underneath the tested materials, which means that cytotoxic effect was not asserted on cell lines L929 i MRC-5. The examination of marginal adaptation was conducted according to micro images gained by scanning electron microscope. The results in the measure point 1 indicate there are significant differences between materials, and amalgam has significantly higher values of the measured fissures in relation to remaining two materials, whereas values for MTA and biodentine do not differ significantly. In measure point 5 significant differences were noted. Post hoc Mann-Whitney test shows that amalgam has lower values of the tested fissures in this measure point in relation to two other materials, while there were no significant differences between MTA i biodentine. In points 2-4, as well as points 1-5 (in total), there were no statistically significant differences in marginal adaptation of the examined materials. The results of all three tests show that there is no statistically significant difference in cytotoxicity between examined materials. MTT test shows that there is, in both cell cultures, with the same examined materials , statistically significant difference between cytotoxicity indices measured after 24h and after 72h. The results of the examination of marginal adaptation show that in point 1 amalgam has the worst seal, whereas between MTA and biodentine there is no difference. In point 5 amalgam has the best seal.</p>