This essay’s main goal is to analyse Rosario Castellanos’s play El eterno femenino, published in 1975. Castellanos was an essayist, a poet, and novelist and played an important role for the feminist movement in Mexico during her time. In her work, she presents a stereotyped image of the Mexican woman and her history. Using humour and irony, she creates a satire which plays with the myth of the eternal feminine and ridicule gender stereotypes. This literary analysis is based on a feminist perspective. By examining the work through its social and political context and putting it in dialogue with the feminist literary theories, the primary aim is to receive a better understanding of the importance of the work. Having in mind the historical context of the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s in Mexico and the modern feminist literary criticism which took off in the late 1960s, the investigation focuses on the relation between the play and the situation of the Mexican women and their position in society as well as the aspects of the understanding of gender historically. The results show us how the woman is presented, in the traditional roles of the Mexican society, as the virgin, the married woman, the mother and the housewife in a humoristic way. The connection between the work and the feminist wave in Mexico during the 1970s is seen through the protagonist Lupita who becomes aware of a historical and contemporary oppression. Castellanos creates a fictional universe where the woman can finally tell her own story. We discover the traditional role of women as well as their battle against it.

[pt] A invenção de Bispo do Rosario, potencializando as faces possíveis de sentido da palavra invenção, evoca o ato criador e a descoberta, como operações do autor e do leitor (receptor), simultaneamente. Trata- se, portanto, de Bispo do Rosario como inventor e objeto de invenção. Na instância do objeto de invenção, projeta-se a aventura da descoberta e da tradução de seu mundo, engendrado pelo filtro da leitura, não apenas como um outro texto, mas como uma outra realidade, dando ênfase à visão da escritura como superfície de alteração. Três tomos organizam o trabalho: O Primeiro Tomo cumpre a invenção de um espaço ficcional, no qual se dá o encontro de Arthur Bispo do Rosario, Antonin Artaud - o qual é visitado para o assentamento teórico de algumas importantes questões - e Cecilia, a Cega. O encontro destes três personagens, tendo em vista a encenação, colocará em jogo temas como o da representação, da autoridade da linguagem e da potência criativa. O Segundo Tomo conta a história da invenção de Arthur Bispo do Rosario como artista, introduzido no circuito das artes plásticas, pelo crítico e historiador de arte Frederico Morais. A trajetória de legitimação de Bispo como artista é considerada por meio da análise de publicações da mídia impressa, encorpadas com entrevistas realizadas, especificamente, para focar os pontos estratégicos despertados pela leitura dos materiais selecionados. Arthur Bispo do Rosario é, no último e Terceiro Tomo, apreendido como inventor de um universo expressivo, sob a forja de minha análise, marcando, deste modo, o caráter irremediável da escrita como invenção. / [en] A invenção de Bispo do Rosario, by potentializing possible senses of the word invention, evokes the creative act and the discovery, as operations of the author and the reader (receiver), simultaneously. By this way, Bispo do Rosario is seen as an inventor and as an object of invention. In the scope of the object of invention, are projected the adventure of the discovery and of the translation of his world, engendered by the filter of the reading, not only as an other text, but as an other reality, emphasizing the conception of the deed as surface of alteration. This work is organized in three tomes: the first one relates to the invention of a fictional place, in which occurs the encounter of Arthur Bispo do Rosario, Antonin Artaud - who is visited by the theoretical approach of some important questions - and Cecilia, the blind. The encounter of these three characters, considering the theatrical performance, will put into play subjects like representation, authority of language and creative potence. The second one tells the history of the invention of Arthur Bispo do Rosario as an artist, introduced in the sphere of the Fine Arts by the critic and art historian Frederico Morais. The trajectory to legitimate Bispo as an artist is considered through the analysis of press publications together with some interviews, which were realized specifically to focus the strategic points awoken by the reading of the selected materials. In the last tome, Arthur Bispo do Rosario is apprehended as an inventor of a expressive universe, in the perspective of my analysis, stressing, in this way, the irrevocable mark of the writing as an invention.

Mexico’s national sport of charrería is practiced year-round by Mexican-American communities across Texas. Roughly 50 teams play across the state for a chance to compete with other U.S. and Mexican teams in annual tournaments. The sport is a multi-staged competition in which teams of men and women are awarded points for the careful execution of 10 events. These test horsemanship, lasso control, and bull and mare riding. In both nations, riders must use sanctioned garb and horse tack. But riders in the U.S. carry more than just the technical knowledge of the sport. For central Texas teams outside of Austin, their participation in this culturally significant sport brings together their community. It connects riders with their heritage and identity. In this report, I profile two teams: the men’s team of El Herradero and the women’s team of El Rosario. Both train and compete at Rancho Tres Potrancas outside of Austin, Texas. The ranch is owned by local charrería association president and El Herradero captain, Roberto Chavira. I discuss the sport and its history in Mexico and the U.S., but also how riders from the two Austin teams find a sense of community and unity through charrería. / text

Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Humanities, Classics and Comparative Literature, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-124).

Thesis (M.A.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-80). Also available on microfilm.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 248-253). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Spanish and Portuguese, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-46).

A análise reflectiva sobre o universo das expressões humanas perpassa as questões culturais, étnicas e sociológicas que envolvem gênero, raça e classe. O trabalho artístico de Arthur Bispo do Rosario intriga e mobiliza questões para além dessas. A análise interpretativa da obra deve abranger, ainda, os aspectos estético-plásticos e psicológicos, que incidem fortemente no imaginário do artista. Abordar a pesquisa sob o ponto de vista da Moda, como trabalho em si, e seu sentido mais profundo, de atividade e expressão humanas e, ao mesmo tempo, articular conceitos de arte ressignificados e imbricados sob o prisma de um interno em uma instituição psiquiátrica, alienado do mundo, é a linha condutora deste trabalho. A presente pesquisa objetiva traçar um esboço que circunscreva essas questões, tomando como base uma bibliografia que abrange as artes, a sociologia, a filosofia e a moda. / The reflective analysis about the universe of human expression permeates cultural, ethnic, and sociological issues, involving gender, race and class. Arthur Bispo do Rosario artwork intrigues and mobilizes these questions beyond. The interpretative analysis of the work should cover the aesthetic-plastic, and psychological aspects, which focus heavily on the imagination of the artist. Aproaching the research from the point of view of fashion, as the work itself, and its deepest meaning, and expression of human activity, and, at the same time, articulating the concepts of art reframed and imbricated from the point of view of an inmate in a psychiatric institution, alienated from the world, is the initial step of this work. This research aims to trace an outline circumscribing these issues based on a bibliography covering the arts, sociology, philosophy and fashion.

A análise reflectiva sobre o universo das expressões humanas perpassa as questões culturais, étnicas e sociológicas que envolvem gênero, raça e classe. O trabalho artístico de Arthur Bispo do Rosario intriga e mobiliza questões para além dessas. A análise interpretativa da obra deve abranger, ainda, os aspectos estético-plásticos e psicológicos, que incidem fortemente no imaginário do artista. Abordar a pesquisa sob o ponto de vista da Moda, como trabalho em si, e seu sentido mais profundo, de atividade e expressão humanas e, ao mesmo tempo, articular conceitos de arte ressignificados e imbricados sob o prisma de um interno em uma instituição psiquiátrica, alienado do mundo, é a linha condutora deste trabalho. A presente pesquisa objetiva traçar um esboço que circunscreva essas questões, tomando como base uma bibliografia que abrange as artes, a sociologia, a filosofia e a moda. / The reflective analysis about the universe of human expression permeates cultural, ethnic, and sociological issues, involving gender, race and class. Arthur Bispo do Rosario artwork intrigues and mobilizes these questions beyond. The interpretative analysis of the work should cover the aesthetic-plastic, and psychological aspects, which focus heavily on the imagination of the artist. Aproaching the research from the point of view of fashion, as the work itself, and its deepest meaning, and expression of human activity, and, at the same time, articulating the concepts of art reframed and imbricated from the point of view of an inmate in a psychiatric institution, alienated from the world, is the initial step of this work. This research aims to trace an outline circumscribing these issues based on a bibliography covering the arts, sociology, philosophy and fashion.

Ce mémoire analyse le thème de l’espace associé au sujet féminin dans 7 Relatos sobre el amor y la guerra (1986) de Rosario Aguilar. L’examen du récit a été entrepris à partir de la perspective du concept de « poétique de l’espace » de Gaston Bachelard. Pour ce philosophe, l’objectif de la littérature est de recréer le langage à l’aide de nouvelles images associées à la réalité concrète, matérielle et géographique. L’objectif principal de cette étude consiste, d’une part, à analyser comment la nature est associée au sujet masculin et à l’idée de nation. D’autre part, la maison et la prison, considérées comme des espaces fermés, sont l’univers intime où les protagonistes féminins démontrent de quelle façon chacune d’elles a affronté le chapitre de la guerre dans l’histoire du Nicaragua. Cette étude confirme que l’image de l’héroïne lutte pour faire partie de l’histoire de sa patrie, tout en renaissant en une nouvelle femme : la guerrière. / Esta investigación analiza el tema del espacio asociado al sujeto femenino en 7 relatos sobre el amor y la guerra (1986), de Rosario Aguilar. El análisis propuesto se realiza a través de la perspectiva del concepto de “poética del espacio”, de Gastón Bachelard. Para dicho filósofo, el objetivo de la literatura es recrear el lenguaje por medio de imágenes asociadas a la realidad concreta, material y geográfica. El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en analizar cómo la naturaleza es asociada al sujeto masculino y a la idea de nación. La casa y la prisión, espacios cerrados, son el universo íntimo en dónde las protagonistas demuestran de qué manera cada una de ellas enfrentó el capítulo de la guerra en la historia de Nicaragua. Con este estudio se corrobora que la imagen de la “heroína” pugna por formar parte de la historia renaciendo en una nueva mujer: la guerrillera.