Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2008. / Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Kathy J. Licht, Andrew P. Barth, R. Jeffery Swope, Gabriel M. Filippelli. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-191).

Although major whaling practices have ceased, increasing human involvement and influence in the world’s marine ecosystems continue to adversely effect global whale populations. It is a major concern throughout Antarctic waters, where endangered Oceania Humpback Whales (Megaptera novarangliae) annually feed. This study analyzes the extent to which a proposed marine protected area within the Ross Sea may indirectly harm the last remaining endangered population of Humpbacks. Using current satellite tracks of southern Humpback migrations, this model maps the effects of displaced Toothfish fisheries, and suggests further conservations efforts, based on New Zealand’s Precautionary Approach, to protect these vulnerable whales.

Thesis (M.A. (Agricultural Management) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of natuzyme50® supplementation on fibre digestion, growth and carcass characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens aged one to 42 days. The first experiment determined the effect of natuzyme50® supplementation on feed intake, growth and live weight of unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens aged one to 21 days. Unsexed day old chicks were assigned to 4 different natuzyme50® supplementation levels of 0.0 (UNZ0), 0.75 (UNZ0.75), 1.0 (UNZ1.0) and 1.5 (UNZ1.5) g/kg DM feed, replicated 4 times and each replicate having 10 chicks. A general linear model (SAS, 2008) was used to analyse the data. Ross 308 broiler chickens on a diet supplemented with 1.5g of natuzyme50® per kg DM had higher (P<0.05) DM feed intake than those on a diet not supplemented with natuzyme50®. Natuzyme50® supplementation did not (P>0.05) have any significant effect on growth rate of unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens aged one to 21 days. Unsexed broiler chickens on a diet supplemented with 1.5g of natuzyme50® per kg DM had higher (P<0.05) live weights than those on a diet not supplemented with natuzyme50® at the age of 21 days The second experiment determined the effect of natuzyme50® supplementation on feed intake, growth performance and carcass characteristics of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days. The chickens aged 22 days were assigned to 4 natuzyme50® supplementation levels of 0.0 (MNZ0), 0.75 (MNZ0.75), 1.0 (MNZ1.0) and 1.5 (MNZ1.5) g/kg DM feed, replicated 4 times and each replicate having 6 chickens. The diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. A general linear model (SAS, 2008) was used to analyse the data obtained. Natuzyme50® supplementation level had no effect (P>0.05) on feed intake of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days. However, natuzyme50® supplementation level had effect (P<0.05) on growth rate of male Ross broiler chickens aged 22-42 days. Male Ross 308 broiler chickens on a diet supplemented with 1.5g of natuzyme50® per kg DM had higher (P<0.05) growth rates than those on a diet supplemented with 1.0g of natuzyme50® per kg DM. However, the significant differences did not extend to birds on a diet not supplemented with natuzyme50®, diets supplemented with 0.75 or 1.5g of natuzyme50® per kg DM which vi showed similar (P>0.05) growth rates. Natuzyme50® supplementation levels used had no effect (P>0.05) on carcass, breast and drumstick weights of male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Natuzyme50® supplementation levels had no effect (P>0.05) on meat juiciness. However, natuzyme50® supplementation improved (P<0.05) meat tenderness and flavour. Increasing natuzyme50® level of supplementation decreased (P<0.05) meat shear force values. It is concluded that natuzyme50® supplementation improved (P<0.05) meat tenderness and flavour, and reduced meat shear force values of male Ross 308 broiler chickens. However, further studies are recommended to ascertain the current results. / Edu-loan

In Antarctica, diatoms inhabit multiple limno-terrestrial habitat types, which may each individually offer unique ecological information for use in biomonitoring, paleoecology, and biogeography. However, we are still at the initial exploration stage of documenting the diversity among habitat types from different Antarctic regions, which is necessary to serve as baseline data for the aforementioned scientific disciplines, and ultimately inform conservation decisions. To gain insight into the spatial and habitat controls on Antarctic diatom communities, the importance of habitat type and island aspect was investigated by studying diatoms living in ponds, mosses, streams, and seepage areas on two opposite sides Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula. A diverse flora of 136 taxa belonging to 31 genera was revealed, which was dominated by the genus Nitzschia, and suggests that the flora of Vega Island is biogeographically influenced by both continental and Maritime Antarctic bioregions. Habitat type was found to be a crucial factor for diatom community composition, and was stronger than the influence of island aspect. In ordination analyses, moss samples were separated primarily by their abundances of the diatom Chamaepinnularia krookiformis, while pond samples were separated by Nitzschia paleacea and stream...

The life history and ontogenetic microhabitat change of Mayatrichia ponta Ross were investigated in Honey Creek, Turner Falls Park, Murray Co., Oklahoma, U.S.A. from August 1994 to August 1995. The shape of larval cases changed from a small cone to a cylinder. M. ponta had an asynchronous multivoltine life history with considerable cohort and generation overlap; five generations were estimated. The development rate was reduced in winter. The winter generations of M. ponta had wider head capsule widths (136-165 μm) than summer generations (121-145 μm). The sex ratio of adults was 1.43 ♂ : 1 ♀. Fecundity ranged from 46 to 150 eggs/female. Fifth instar larvae and pupae aggregated on the bottom side of substrates. Early instars were distributed evenly on all sides of substrates. General patterns of ontogenetic microhabitat shift in aquatic insects are categorized as flow mediated, flow independent, and population interactions and other resources mediated.

This master's thesis analyses the following plays by contemporary American playwright, David Mamet: Oleanna (1992) and Glengarry Glen Ross (1983). The thesis deals with the discourse that was used and the question of the characters' power relations, which are examined from a sociolinguistic point of view. Firstly, the thesis defines power relations according to Michel Foucault and shows that communication can serve as an instrument of how to act upon others. The thesis is primarily based on the theory of Deborah Tannen, who observes the ambivalent nature of solidarity and power, and introduces her five areas of interest: indirectness, interruption, silence versus volubility, topic raising and verbal conflict. The thesis examines a selection of dialogues from the plays in order to elucidate how these aspects further influence the actions and behaviour of the characters, and explores the effects of the utterances including the effects of power. The thesis also deals with the question of failure of communication, which is examined from the perspective of Roman Jakobson's functions of language, Paul Grice's cooperative principle and Geoffrey N. Leech's politeness principle. Key Words Mamet, Oleanna, Glengarry Glen Ross, discourse, power, power relations, failure of communication

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Depuis les années 1990, les politiques de décentralisation ont connu un intérêt renouvelé dans les pays du tiers-monde. Nonobstant les nombreuses recherches dont elles ont fait l'objet, leur impact dans les sociétés locales reste à explorer, en raison de la prédominance des approches normatives et juridico-administratives. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrit l'étude des effets sociopolitiques induits par la décentralisation dans le monde rural sénégalais. Elle s'avère d'autant plus nécessaire que la réforme devait, dès 1987, aider à résoudre les problèmes fonciers auxquels étaient confrontés les paysans du Delta du fleuve. Aussi, après une vingtaine d'années de mise en oeuvre de la décentralisation, la question se pose de savoir si la gouvernance locale s'est renforcée ou fragilisée au regard des dynamiques en cours dans la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio. Pour y répondre, une analyse concrète des pratiques et perceptions des acteurs en matière foncière est entreprise. Elle s'enracine dans une démarche méthodologique mixte menant à la collecte de données quantitatives et qualitatives. Ont été effectivement réalisés 130 questionnaires destinés aux usagers de la terre, 34 entrevues auprès des élus locaux, agents étatiques, chefs traditionnels, responsables associatifs et agrobusiness, 3 focus groups, 3 grilles d'observation des processus, en sus du recours à des matériaux secondaires. L'analyse de ces données révèle, tout d'abord, que la décentralisation constitue un système institutionnel d'opportunités et de contraintes en face duquel des acteurs aux légitimités hétéroclites mettent en oeuvre des pratiques polymorphes, opportunistes, hybrides et informelles. Elle montre ensuite comment les divers pouvoirs mènent des jeux d'influence, de conflits et d'alliances en vue de contrôler les ressources foncières transférées. Étant donné qu'ils participent de la résurgence des rapports de domination d'antan, ces jeux de pouvoir affectent l'autonomisation et la démocratisation du processus décisionnel. Enfin, les résultats indiquent que les pratiques des usagers sont sous-tendues par des logiques d'accaparement des ressources foncières, contribuant ainsi à perturber l'équilibre des systèmes de production agropastoraux. À l'issue de l'interprétation des résultats, il semble que les processus analysés évoluent vers une fragilisation de la gouvernance locale. Par la mise en relation de ces variables, la recherche a abouti à la modélisation du phénomène de la décentralisation rurale et à des enseignements susceptibles d'aider à la prise de décision.

Parameter estimation is a powerful and adaptable framework that addresses the inherent complexities and uncertainties of financial data. We provide an overview of likelihood functions, and likelihood estimations, as well as the essential numerical approximations and techniques. In the financial domain, where unpredictable and non-stationary market dynamics prevail, parameter estimations of relevant SDE models prove highly relevant. We delve into practical applications, showcasing how SDEs can effectively capture the inherent uncertainties and dynamics of financial models related to time evolution of interest rates. We work with the Vašíček model and Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) model which describes the dynamics of interest rates over time. We incorporate the Maximum likelihood and Quasi-maximum likelihood estimation methods in estimating the parameters of our models.

The subject of this thesis are selected interest rate models and valuation of interest rate derivatives, especially interest rate options. Time-homogeneous one-factor short rate models, Vasicek and Cox-Ingersoll-Ross, and time-inhomogeneous short rate model, Hull{White, are treated. Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework is introduced as an alternative to short rate models, evolving the entire term structure of interest rates. The short rate models are shown to be special cases of models within the framework. The models are derived using the risk-neutral pricing methodology.