The following dissertation will examine the architectural masques of architect and poet, John Hejduk. Hejduk's masques are more than the text or the drawing; like their inspiration, the Stuart Court Masque, the architectural masque is a compendium of text, symbol, history, and performance, which is meant to lead the viewer to a greater comprehension of the citizen's role in the creation of community. There has been as yet no study of the direct links to the Stuart Court Masque, the invention poet Ben Jonson and architect Inigo Jones, or what the links in Hejduk's masques to the emblem books, which are the heart of the Court Masque. The following dissertation will undertake an explication of two key Hejduk texts as means to demonstrate the architectural meaning of Hejduk's Architectural Masques as a descendant of the Stuart Court Masque. The dissertation examines Hejduk's pedagogical biography, the history of the Court Masque and emblem book (which is the basis of the Architectural Masques), Hejduk's own dumb' emblem book, Silent Witnesses, and finally, Victims, his first masque which is the application of his theory to the masque. The methodology of the dissertation involves an explication of Hejduk's texts, drawing on an understanding of his own education as an architect and educator. The examination of his two texts, Silent Witnesses, and Victims, are to be the basis for drawing out the imagination as a student and a teacher. Such textual examination is meant to encourage the reader, and future architects, of the deep influence of the past in creating art of the present and future. / Ph. D.

O presente trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia para a medida da reatividade no reator IPEN/MB-01 baseada nas técnicas de análise de ruído microscópico e macroscópico e no modelo de duas regiões das equações de cinética pontual. Diferentemente dos demais modelos teóricos da cinética pontual, o modelo de duas regiões adotado neste trabalho considera o reator como um sistema acoplado, sendo possível explicitar o núcleo e o refletor matematicamente nas equações de cinética. O estudo do efeito do refletor e da sua contribuição na reatividade é inédito e, para que seja viável, os parâmetros cinéticos relacionados ao refletor devem ser obtidos. A principal vantagem da metodologia proposta é a obtenção dos parâmetros cinéticos do refletor de modo puramente experimental. Com a finalidade de validar este novo método, uma série de experimentos envolvendo diferentes tipos de refletores foi realizada no reator IPEN/MB-01. Foram utilizados os refletores de água leve, aço inox (SS-304) e de água pesada. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de ruído Rossi-α em vários estados subcríticos para a obtenção dos parâmetros do refletor. Empregou-se também a técnica de Densidades Espectrais para a comparação entre os dados experimentais. Além disso, foi utilizado o código computacional de física de reatores MCNP-5, com a biblioteca de dados nucleares ENDF/B-VII.0, para o cálculo da reatividade a partir do fator de multiplicação efetivo (keff) para cada uma das configurações realizadas experimentalmente. A partir das equações de cinética pontual do modelo de duas regiões foram obtidas as expressões teóricas, que foram utilizadas para o ajuste por mínimos quadrados aos dados experimentais. O tempo de vida dos nêutrons no refletor (τr) e no núcleo (τC) e a fração desses nêutrons que retornam ao núcleo (f) foram obtidos como parâmetros do ajuste e utilizados para o cálculo da reatividade a partir da equação Inhour de duas regiões. São apresentados os resultados experimentais e teóricos referentes ao núcleo padrão com refletor de água leve, refletor de aço inox e refletor de água pesada. Todos os experimentos utilizaram a configuração de 26x28 varetas combustíveis com detectores operando em modo pulso. / This work proposes the development of a new methodology for measurement of the reactivity in the IPEN/MB-01 research reactor facility, based on microscopic and macroscopic noise experiments and the Two-Region point kinetic equations model. Differently from the other point kinetic theoretical models, the Two-Region model assumed in this work takes into account the nuclear reactor how a coupled system, which constitute the theoretical basis of all mathematical development, contemplate both regions of the reactor (core and reflector).The study of the reflector effect and its impact in the reactivity is an original fact and, to make possible the viability of this study, the kinetic parameters related to the reflector must be obtained. The main advantage of this new methodology is to obtain the kinetic parameters from the reflector in a purely experimental way. In order to validate this new method, a series of experiments involving different types of reflectors was performed in the IPEN/MB-01 reactor. The reflectors constituted by Light Water, Stainless Steel (SS-304) and Heavy Water were employed. The Rossi-α neutron noise technique were applied in several subcritical states to obtain the parameters of the reflector. Furthermore, the Auto Power Spectral Densities were also used for a comparison between the experimental data. Moreover, the MCNP-5 nuclear reactor physics code with the ENDF/B-VII.0 library neutron data was employed to calculate the reactivity through the keff multiplication factor for each experimental configuration. In this way, from the Two-Region point kinetic equations model were obtained the theoretical expressions in which were used for least squares fit of the experimental data. The neutron lifetimes in the reflector (τr) and in the core (τC), and the neutron return fraction from the reflector to the core (f) were obtained as least squares fitted parameters and then employed for the reactivity calculation through the Inhour two region equation. The presented experimental and theoretical results are referring to the standard core configuration with aforementioned reflectors of Light Water, Stainless Steel (SS-304) and Heavy Water. For all experiments the 26x28 fuel rod configuration was employed with the detectors operating in pulse mode.

O presente trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia para a medida da reatividade no reator IPEN/MB-01 baseada nas técnicas de análise de ruído microscópico e macroscópico e no modelo de duas regiões das equações de cinética pontual. Diferentemente dos demais modelos teóricos da cinética pontual, o modelo de duas regiões adotado neste trabalho considera o reator como um sistema acoplado, sendo possível explicitar o núcleo e o refletor matematicamente nas equações de cinética. O estudo do efeito do refletor e da sua contribuição na reatividade é inédito e, para que seja viável, os parâmetros cinéticos relacionados ao refletor devem ser obtidos. A principal vantagem da metodologia proposta é a obtenção dos parâmetros cinéticos do refletor de modo puramente experimental. Com a finalidade de validar este novo método, uma série de experimentos envolvendo diferentes tipos de refletores foi realizada no reator IPEN/MB-01. Foram utilizados os refletores de água leve, aço inox (SS-304) e de água pesada. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de ruído Rossi-α em vários estados subcríticos para a obtenção dos parâmetros do refletor. Empregou-se também a técnica de Densidades Espectrais para a comparação entre os dados experimentais. Além disso, foi utilizado o código computacional de física de reatores MCNP-5, com a biblioteca de dados nucleares ENDF/B-VII.0, para o cálculo da reatividade a partir do fator de multiplicação efetivo (keff) para cada uma das configurações realizadas experimentalmente. A partir das equações de cinética pontual do modelo de duas regiões foram obtidas as expressões teóricas, que foram utilizadas para o ajuste por mínimos quadrados aos dados experimentais. O tempo de vida dos nêutrons no refletor (τr) e no núcleo (τC) e a fração desses nêutrons que retornam ao núcleo (f) foram obtidos como parâmetros do ajuste e utilizados para o cálculo da reatividade a partir da equação Inhour de duas regiões. São apresentados os resultados experimentais e teóricos referentes ao núcleo padrão com refletor de água leve, refletor de aço inox e refletor de água pesada. Todos os experimentos utilizaram a configuração de 26x28 varetas combustíveis com detectores operando em modo pulso. / This work proposes the development of a new methodology for measurement of the reactivity in the IPEN/MB-01 research reactor facility, based on microscopic and macroscopic noise experiments and the Two-Region point kinetic equations model. Differently from the other point kinetic theoretical models, the Two-Region model assumed in this work takes into account the nuclear reactor how a coupled system, which constitute the theoretical basis of all mathematical development, contemplate both regions of the reactor (core and reflector).The study of the reflector effect and its impact in the reactivity is an original fact and, to make possible the viability of this study, the kinetic parameters related to the reflector must be obtained. The main advantage of this new methodology is to obtain the kinetic parameters from the reflector in a purely experimental way. In order to validate this new method, a series of experiments involving different types of reflectors was performed in the IPEN/MB-01 reactor. The reflectors constituted by Light Water, Stainless Steel (SS-304) and Heavy Water were employed. The Rossi-α neutron noise technique were applied in several subcritical states to obtain the parameters of the reflector. Furthermore, the Auto Power Spectral Densities were also used for a comparison between the experimental data. Moreover, the MCNP-5 nuclear reactor physics code with the ENDF/B-VII.0 library neutron data was employed to calculate the reactivity through the keff multiplication factor for each experimental configuration. In this way, from the Two-Region point kinetic equations model were obtained the theoretical expressions in which were used for least squares fit of the experimental data. The neutron lifetimes in the reflector (τr) and in the core (τC), and the neutron return fraction from the reflector to the core (f) were obtained as least squares fitted parameters and then employed for the reactivity calculation through the Inhour two region equation. The presented experimental and theoretical results are referring to the standard core configuration with aforementioned reflectors of Light Water, Stainless Steel (SS-304) and Heavy Water. For all experiments the 26x28 fuel rod configuration was employed with the detectors operating in pulse mode.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fleas (Siphonaptera) are obligate ectoparasites of mammals and birds. Due to their economic importance as disease vectors, most contemporary studies on macroparasites now also consider the spatial variation of parasite communities and the underlying mechanisms involved in shaping current distribution patterns. Fleas differ in life history traits, such as the level of host specificity and microhabitat preferences, which can result in differential evolutionary responses to similar abiotic events. The main objectives of this study are to investigate: (1) the influence of vicariance and host association on the genetic structure of two generalist flea species, Listropsylla agrippinae, and Chiastopsylla rossi. The taxa differ in the time spent on the host (fur vs. nest) and the level of host specificity; (2) the taxonomy of Dinopsyllus ellobius to determine whether more than one species exist and if so to then elucidate the mechanisms of speciation; and (3) the influence of flea life history on species distribution model performance and see if the relative importance of predictor variables differ between species with different life histories. A total of 1423 small mammals were brushed to collect 2906 flea individuals originating from 31 geographically distinct localities throughout South Africa (SA). Phylogeographic structure of L. agrippinae and C. rossi were determined by making use of 315 mitochondrial COII (mtDNA) and 174 nuclear EF1-α (nDNA) sequences. The more host specific fur flea, L. agrippinae, displayed pronounced spatial phylogeographic structure, based on mtDNA, which was congruent with host vicariance in the region. In contrast, the more generalist nest flea, C. rossi, showed a higher level of inter-populational divergence, based on mtDNA and nDNA, and this may be attributed to comparatively higher restrictions to dispersal when compared to the more specific fur flea. In an attempt to resolve the taxonomy of D. ellobius, 151 mtDNA and 68 nDNA alleles were generated from individuals meeting the morphological description of D. ellobius. Two distinct D. ellobius lineages that corresponded to previously described species (D. ellobius and D. abaris) were recorded. The results indicate that the two species indeed differ morphologically and based on the distribution of the two species it was concluded that the diversification could be a result of climate driven vicariance and subsequent ecological segregation according to habitat use. Locality records from Segerman (1995) were digitized and used as background data in species distribution modelling. Sufficient information was obtained for 21 flea species. A total of 68 climatic and landscape feature predictor variables were obtained and through a process of elimination, 19 variables were ultimately used. Model performance was good to excellent on average and the contribution of climate and landscape feature variables differed between fleas with different life histories. Historical and contemporary climate has the most prominent effect on flea distribution at the regional scale, but the level of host association influences the phylogeographic pattern of fleas. This study provides the first evidence of congruent phylogeographic patterns between a generalist temporary parasite and its hosts. Our findings provide further support for the notion that more than one species exist within the D. ellobius complex and that speciation is a result of complex interactions. The study also provides novel data on the role of environmental variables in shaping the geographic distribution of flea species with different life histories. With the anticipated rise in flea-borne diseases worldwide, due to changes in vector distribution, the study further emphasize the need for studying the mechanisms involved in shaping flea distribution patterns. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vlooie (Siphonaptera) is verpligte ektoparasiete van soogdiere en voëls. As gevolg van hul ekonomiese belangrikheid as vektore van oordraagbare siektes, neem meeste kontemporêre studies oor makroparasiete nou die ruimtelike variasie (vikariansie) van parasiet gemeenskappe en die onderliggende meganismes betrokke by die vorming van die huidige verspreiding patrone in ag. Vlooie verskil in lewensgeskiedenis eienskappe, soos die graad van gasheer spesifisiteit en mikrohabitat voorkeur, wat kan lei tot differensiële evolusionêre patrone tot soortgelyke abiotiese gebeure. Die belangrikste doelwitte van hierdie studie is om ondersoek in te stel na: (1) die invloed van vikariansie en gasheer assosiasie op die genetiese struktuur van twee algemene vlooi spesies, Listropsylla agrippinae en Chiastopsylla rossi. Die taxa verskil in die hoeveelheid tyd wat gespandeer word op die gasheer (pels vs. nes) en die graad van gasheer spesifisiteit; (2) die taksonomie van Dinopsyllus ellobius om te bepaal of daar meer as een spesie bestaan, en indien wel, die meganismes van spesiasie voortbring; en (3) die invloed van vlooi lewensgeskiedenis op die prestasie van die spesies verspreidings model en kyk of die relatiewe belangrikheid van omgewingsvoorspellers verskil tussen spesies met verskillende lewensgeskiedenisse. 'n Totaal van 1423 klein soogdiere is geborsel om 2906 vlooi individue afkomstig van 31 geografies verskillende plekke in Suid-Afrika in te samel. Filogeografiese struktuur van L. agrippinae en C. rossi is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van 315 mitochondriale COII (mtDNA) en 174 kern EF1-α (nDNA) volgorde bepalings. Die meer gasheer spesifieke pels vlooi, L. agrippinae, het ruimtelike filogeografiese struktuur aangetoon, gebaseer op mtDNA, wat ooreenstem met gasheer vikariansie in die streek. In teenstelling hiermee het die minder gasheer spesifieke nes vlooi, C. rossi, 'n hoër vlak van inter-populasie divergensie getoon, gebaseer op mtDNA en nDNA, wat toegeskryf kan word aan relatief hoër beperkings op verspreiding teenoor die meer gasheer spesifieke pels vlooi. In 'n poging om die taksonomie van D. ellobius op te los is 151 mtDNA en 68 nDNA allele gegenereer uit individue wat voldoen aan die morfologiese beskrywing van D. ellobius. Twee afsonderlike D. ellobius afstammelinge wat ooreengestem het met voorheen beskryfde spesies (D. ellobius en D. abaris) is aangeteken. Die resultate dui daarop dat die twee spesies inderdaad morfologies verskil en gebaseer op die verspreiding van die twee spesies is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die diversifikasie moontlik toegeskryf kan word aan klimaat gedryfde vikariansie en daaropvolgende ekologiese segregasie volgens habitat gebruik. Geografiese verspreidings rekords van Segerman (1995) was gedigitaliseerd en gebruik as agtergrond data in die spesie verspreidings modelle. 'n Totaal van 68 klimaat en landskap kenmerk voorspeller veranderlikes is verkry, en deur 'n proses van eliminasie, is 19 veranderlikes gebruik. Model prestasie was oor die algemeen goed tot uitstekend en die bydrae van klimaat en landskaps veranderlikes het verskil tussen vlooie met verskille in lewensgeskiedenis. Historiese en kontemporêre klimaat het die mees prominente effek op vlooi verspreiding by die plaaslike skaal, maar die vlak van die gasheer assosiasie beïnvloed die filogeografiese patroon van vlooie. Hierdie studie bied die eerste getuienis van ooreenstemmende filogeografiese patrone tussen 'n minder gasheer spesifieke, tydelike parasiet en sy gashere. Ons bevindinge bied verdere ondersteuning vir die idee dat meer as een spesie bestaan binne die D. ellobius kompleks en dat spesiasie 'n gevolg is van komplekse interaksies. Die studie bied ook nuwe data oor die bydrae van die omgewingsveranderlikes in die vorming van die geografiese verspreiding van vlooi spesies met verskillende lewensgeskiedenisse. Met die verwagte styging in vlooi-oordraagbare siektes wêreldwyd, as gevolg van veranderinge in vektor verspreiding, beklemtoon die studie verder die noodsaaklikheid vir die bestudering van die meganismes betrokke in die vorming van vlooi verspreiding patrone. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The aim of this dissertation is to put forward conceptual frameworks to inquire into and update the following theoretical categories of Aldo Rossi’s architectural production: the city as an artefact, the idea of type, architectural autonomy, history understood as collective imagination, and the concept of the analogical city. On one hand, our inquiry puts forward a close reading of particular aspects of Rossi’s formal and theoretical production, examining Rossi’s work as well as other commentators on Rossi’s work. On the other, the inquiry is supported by a selective reading of major figures as well as canonical theories and projects from the discipline of architecture. In both cases detailed readings of texts, drawings, built and unbuilt work is undertaken to extrapolate the theoretical categories as well as key descriptive characteristics. These develop the conceptual frameworks which are diagrams that visualise the relations between categories and characteristics. Revisiting Rossi helps us re-engage with architecture as a discipline that simultaneously produces its own historical-formal body of knowledge while co-determining the wider social imagination. The discipline has, in the last decades, become weakened by the continuing proliferation of unique architecture-objects and the rejection of architecture’s fixed terms of reference. By discussing the category of discipline, we point to future work on how architecture negotiates its formal condition and its societal role. We re-learn that architecture is an instrument that puts forward singular alternative ways of living – formal possibilities – and critical interpretations of existing conditions – theoretical alternatives. The primary method of inquiry is visual and literary montage. Simultaneously analytic and synthetic, montage provides a way to isolate theoretical categories and formal examples from the mass of material, then produce new insight by making connections between things otherwise different.

My doctoral work aims to construct a theoretical and intellectual framework to understand a set of remarkable developments concerning the Italian discourse on architecture from the early 1950s to the mid 1970s. This was when the term Rationalism and its theoretical body of work acquired renewed prestige replacing the ephemeral aesthetic of the modernist movement with a grounded discourse based on a deep understanding of the city as background of all architectural artifacts. The main hypothesis of my research is that this return to a rational methodology characterized by a deep understanding of architecture's internal building logic and identifiable in the work and ideas expressed in the International section of the XV Triennale Exhibition of 1973 had a significant and lasting impact on the thinking and formation of architecture culture in Italy and worldwide. This dissertation will thus attempt to construct a matrix of historical and methodological associations and demonstrations that validate and legitimize that rational methodology through a close examination of the work and key concepts of Tendenza, a group of architects in the Italy of the 1960s, pointing out their importance in preparing the ground for the International section of the XV Triennale Exhibition of 1973, which represented a major point of arrival and a point of departure for architecture culture in Italy and worldwide.

La novela moderna del siglo XIX, pretendía "...acceder a la armonía natural en la constitución del ser humano y de la sociedad, en parangón con la misma naturaleza" ; buscaba la emancipación no sólo cultural, sino también de la propia identidad, a través de los ideales positivistas. Es decir, la novela moderna aspiraba a descubrir los aspectos sociales y materiales de la realidad del ser humano. De esta manera, la novela moderna se presenta como el despliegue de un espectáculo de humanidad; el hombre debía ser mostrado en todas sus dimensiones. Así, de la mano con la razón, cuenta con un narrador analítico, quien actúa sobre lo que narra como un sujeto pleno, que domina todas las dimensiones de la existencia.

SOUZA, Ana Cecília Araújo Soares de. O corpo como zona de inventividade no processo de criação de Wagner Rossi Campos. 2015. 183f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Cultura e Arte, Programa de Pós-graduação em Artes, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-22T12:53:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_acassouza.pdf: 3182668 bytes, checksum: 1029d7b8ab3d783f1776cb0051561d02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-22T14:44:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_acassouza.pdf: 3182668 bytes, checksum: 1029d7b8ab3d783f1776cb0051561d02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-22T14:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_acassouza.pdf: 3182668 bytes, checksum: 1029d7b8ab3d783f1776cb0051561d02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A presente pesquisa aborda o processo de criação do performer Wagner Rossi Campos a partir do atravessamento de suas referências simbólicas e estéticas, modos, diretrizes e nuances de trabalho. Na busca de se aventurar por outros universos sensórios, transformando seu próprio corpo em um canal aberto para suas experimentações poéticas, Campos promove hibridações da linguagem performática com outras práticas de naturezas distintas, das quais destacamos o seu envolvimento com os protótipos ritualísticos. A Crítica de Processo proposta por Cecilia Almeida Salles, com fundamentação teórica na Semiótica de Charles Sanders Peirce, nos serviu como estratégia para o desenvolvimento de uma reflexão fluída e sensível aninhada em um movimento contínuo, não-linear, inferencial, que não limitasse a riqueza de possibilidades trazidas pelo percurso criativo deste artista. A metodologia também consistiu na sistematização bibliográfica e na realização de entrevistas com Wagner, servindo-nos, inclusive, como uma das principais fontes de informação para o entendimento mais profundo de seus procedimentos de trabalho, o que nos proporcionou, ainda, detectar questões significativas, como: a ideia da performance como campo de energia; o corpo como acontecimento; a exposição dos documentos processuais; as matérias-primas utilizadas; o diálogo do artista com o público participante de uma ação; a elaboração de uma escrita performática; a preferência do termo ação no lugar de performance; o sincretismo religioso e a crítica à cultura colonizada na América-Latina. Com isso, acreditamos que o diálogo arte e ritual efetuado pelo performer contribui na construção de uma performance ritualística que, por sua vez, nos revela algo novo: o corpo do artista como uma espécie de zona de inventividade, a partir da qual o artista amplia sua subjetividade e, assim, rompe com hábitos corporais, temporais, cognitivos e afetivos. / Este estudio aborda el proceso de creación del artista Wagner Rossi Campos desde el cruce sus referencias simbólicas y estéticas, los modos, las directrices y los matices de trabajo. En la búsqueda de incursionar en otros universos sensoriales, transformando su cuerpo en un canal abierto para sus experimentos poéticos, Campos promueve la hibridación del lenguaje performativo con otras prácticas de diferentes naturalezas, de los cuales podemos destacar su su relación con en los prototipos ritualistas. La Crítica del Proceso propuesto por Cecilia Almeida Salles, con base teórica en la Semiótica de Charles Sanders Peirce, nos sirvió como una estrategia para el desarrollo de una reflexión fluido y sensible instalada en un movimiento continuo, no-lineal, inferencial, que no limita la riqueza de las posibilidades presentadas por el trayecto creativo de este artista. La metodología también implicó en la sistematización bibliografíca y en la realización de entrevistas con Wagner, que nos sirvió, incluso, como una de las principales fuentes de información para la comprensión más profunda de sus procedimientos de trabajo, el que nos ofreció también detectar problemas significativos, cómo: la idea de la performance como campo de energía; el cuerpo como un acontecimiento; la exposición de los archivos; las matérias-primas utilizadas; diálogo del artista con el público participante de una acción; el desarrollo de um escrito performativo; la preferencia de la palavra acción por performance; el sincretismo religioso y la crítica de la cultura colonizada en América Latina. Por lo tanto, creemos que el diálogo arte y ritual realizado por el artista contribuye en la construcción de una performance ritualista que nos revela algo nuevo: el cuerpo del artista como una especie de zona de invención, en el que es posible ampliar su subjetividad y, por tanto, rompe con hábitos corporales, temporales, cognitivos y afectivos.

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