The current model for electricity generation is based on power plants connected to the transmission network. This provides electricity to the distribution network and after that to the consumers. To ensure the security of the electrical network and prevent a blackout, the performance of every electricity generation unit connected to the network is quantified in grid codes. In the case of the French transmission system, the requirements regarding the performance are written in a document produced by the French Transmission System Operator (TSO). Various events with various configurations of connection to the network have to be simulated and the corresponding performance has to be evaluated. The aim of these simulations is to determine the stability of the generators and key elements, including the response time on the active power after events such as a short circuit.Taking into account the amount of generators connected to the transmission network, the need for optimization appears and is the purpose of this Master Thesis. To perform those simulations in an efficient way on all the generators owned by the main French electricity producer, EDF, this Master Thesis contributes with a tool called AuDySim coded with the softwares MATLAB and EUROSTAG. The implemented tool allows the user to configure an electricity generation unit before realizing all the simulations specified by the TSO and produces a report containing the results by means of curves and data. The simulations and the production of the report are achieved automatically to create a gain of time and resources.In order to validate the performance of the tool, two case studies are performed on different types of power plants. The two case studies analyzed present a hydraulic and a nuclear power plant. In the results the performance of each type of power plant is assessed focusing on the rotor angle stability of the machine and key elements, such as the voltage and the active power. These results lead to the conclusion that AuDySim fulfills its mission, by achieving automatically an analysis of the performance of an electrical generation unit and producing it in a report. / Den nuvarande elproduktionsmodellen baseras på kraftverk som är direktkopplade till stamnätet. Stamnätet i sin tur matar distributionsnätet som därefter levererar el till slutkonsumenterna. För att säkerställa stamnätets integritet samt säkerhet och undvika strömavbrott kvantifieras prestandan hos varje generator som är ansluten till det med hjälp av nätkoder. När det gäller det franska stamnätet skrivs prestandakraven i ett dokument som utfärdas av den franska transmissionssystemoperatören (TSO). Olika händelser med olika anslutningskonfigurationer måste simuleras där dess prestanda ska utvärderats. Syftet med dessa simuleringar är att identifiera stabiliteten vid varje elproduktionsenhet med bl. a. dess reaktionstid för den aktiva effekten efter kortslutningar.Med tanke på antalet generatorer som är anslutna till stamnätet framträder ett behov för överföringsoptimering vilket är syftet med detta examensarbete. För att utföra dessa simuleringar på ett effektivt sätt på alla generatorer som ägs av den ledande franska elproducenten, EDF, bidrar denna avhandling med ett verktyg som heter AuDySim kodat i mjukvarorna MATLAB och EUROSTAG. Verktyget gör det möjligt för användaren att konfigurera en elproduktionsenhet innan man utför alla simuleringar som specificeras av TSO:n och samtidigt producerar en rapport som innehåller grafisk- och data resultat. Både simuleringar och rapporten produceras automatiskt för att optimera en bearbetningstid och resursanvändning.För att validera verktygets prestanda utförs två fallstudier på olika typer av kraftverk. De två fallstudierna fokuserar på ett hydraulisk- respektive ett kärnkraftverk. I resultaten utvärderas prestanda för varje typ av kraftverk, med fokus på maskinens rotorvinkelstabilitet och andra viktiga faktorer, såsom spänning och aktiv effekt. Resultat leder till slutsatsen att AuDySim uppfyller sitt uppdrag genom att automatiskt analysera prestanda hos en elektrisk generationsenhet och presentera analysen i en rapport.

The increasing amount of renewable energy sources is applying more and more pressure on today’s power system. Additionally, plannable sources of energy, which are mostly non-renewable, are being decommissioned at a high rate to combat climate change. The decommissioning of non-renewable producers and the increasing number of intermittent sources of energy are causing an increasingly volatile power system. In addition to the lack of plannable production, the inertia from synchronously rotating machines is decreasing due to the lack of contribution from renewable sources. The inertia of a power system assists in slowing down large frequency changes. When a notably large difference between production and consumption occurs in a power system with low inertia, components which can quickly counteract these effects by supplying the system with active power, are needed. The low inertia can also cause problems to the synchronicity of the synchronously rotating machines in the system, namely the rotor angle stability. A lack of rotorangle stability can cause the synchronicity of the synchronously rotating machines to be questioned. Fast frequency response units supply the power system with active power for a short period of time to reduce the rate of change of frequency and frequency deviation, which in turn allows the self-regulating units more time to adjust their production. Furthermore, these units can improve rotor angle stability. Such units can consist of batteries which are both serially and parallel connected with their associated control unit. This thesis aims to, with the help of the power system analysis program PowerFactory, and its associated dynamic simulation tools, formulate a methodology which can be used in power system models to locate the best placement for fast frequency response units. The results show that the formulated methodology can be used to find the best position of fast frequency response units for frequency deviation-, rate of change of frequency- and rotor angle stability support.

Orientador: Carlos Roberto Minussi / Resumo: Nesta pesquisa apresentam-se os principais conceitos gerais de estabilidade elétrica, assim como suas divisões e classificações, onde são desenvolvidas as condições de operação de um sistema elétrico de potência, que são relevantes nos estudos de estabilidade angular do rotor, tensão e frequência. Para os estudos de estabilidade da frequência e de tensão é preciso conhecer os equipamentos como os reguladores de tensão e frequência, em consequência é apresentada a modelagem matemática de vários componentes dinâmicos como o sistema de excitação, estabilizador do sistema de potência (PSS), sistema de regulação de velocidade, sistema de regulação de tensão (AVR), máquina síncrona, turbina a vapor e turbina hidráulica. É necessário a modelagem de eles para projetar seus respectivos controladores. Nesta pesquisa também se faz a introdução ao controlador Fuzzy e controlador PID convencional assim como os métodos de sintonia, depois projetamos um controlador que combine os dois controladores e tenha mais vantagens como o controlador híbrido PID-Fuzzy. Depois de desenvolver a modelagem do regulador de tensão e frequência, fazemos o projeto do controlador PID-Fuzzy, previamente projetado o controle PID. As simulações dos sistemas de regulação de tensão e frequência sem controlador, com controlador PID e com controlador PID-Fuzzy foram realizadas aplicando a ferramenta computacional de Matlab-Simulink no domínio do tempo contínuo e as respostas foram investigadas e discutidas. / Abstract: This research presents the main general concepts of electrical stability, as well as their divisions and classifications, where the operating conditions of an electrical power system are developed, which are relevant in the studies of angular stability of the rotor, voltage and frequency. For frequency and voltage stability studies it is necessary to know equipment such as voltage and frequency regulators, consequently the mathematical modeling of several components is presented as dynamic as the excitation system, power system stabilizer (PSS) , speed regulation system, voltage regulation system (AVR), synchronous machine, steam turbine and hydraulic turbine. We need the modeling of them to design their respective controllers. In this investigation we also do the introduction to the Fuzzy controller and conventional PID controller as well as the tuning methods then we designed a controller that combines the two controllers and has more advantages as the hybrid PID-Fuzzy controller. After developing the modeling of the voltage and frequency regulator, we design the PID-Fuzzy controller, previously designed the PID control. The simulations of the voltage and frequency regulation systems without controller, with PID controller and with PID-Fuzzy controller were performed applying the Matlab-Simulink computational tool in the continuous time domain and the answers were investigated and discussed. / Mestre