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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Relations between speed and flow for sparse 2+1 roads / Hastighetsflödessamband för glesa 2+1-vägar

Bergqvist, Joakim, Runn, Joel January 2014 (has links)
För att besluta vilken vägtyp som ska byggas är det viktigt att Trafikverket har bra underlag. Ett viktigt sådant underlag är så kallade hastighetsflödessamband. Sambanden visar hur trafikflödet påverkar hastigheten på vägen och kan användas för att skapa en bild över vilka trafiksituationer som kan förväntas. För så kallade glesa 2+1-vägar, där endast 15-35 % av vägens totala längd är tillgänglig för omkörning, är problemet att det saknas empiriska observationer för hur flödet påverkar hastigheten vid höga flöden. För att förbättra trafiksäkerheten byggde dåvarande Vägverket ut 2+1-vägar på ett flertal platser i landet. På platser där trafiken är låg har glesa 2+1-vägar byggts istället för konventionella 2+1-vägar, där andel omkörbar längd är större. I och med att trafiken på glesa 2+1-vägar ofta är låg skapas inte trängsel i lika stor utsträckning. Om det i framtiden skulle bli ökningar av trafikvolymerna på dessa vägar innebär det att Trafikverket i dagsläget saknar information för att svara på vilken hastighet ett visst flöde leder till på de glesa 2+1-vägarna. Därför ligger det i intresse att undersöka hastighetsflödessambandets form fram till kapacitetstaket för dessa vägar. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka hur hastigheten på glesa 2+1-vägar påverkas av olika flödesnivåer på vägen. På Statens Väg- och Transportforskningsinstitut (VTI) finns ett simuleringsverktyg som är anpassat för simulera trafiksituationer på olika typer av landsvägsutformningar. Detta verktyg, RuTSim, har använts för att simulera fram data på hastigheten vid olika trafikflöden. Simuleringarna har genomförts för en typ av landvägsutformning, nämligen en rak mötesfri landsväg med hastighetsgräns 100 km/h. Detta har genomförts både för typiska glesa 2+1-vägar baserade på verkliga vägar, och fiktiva experimentvägar. För experimentvägarna har tre parametrar valts att förändras mellan scenarierna; andel tunga fordon (10 och 15 %), antal omkörningsfält (ett, två och tre) och andel omkörbar längd (20 och 30 %). Totalt har tolv olika scenarier undersökts. Simuleringsresultaten visar att det råder små skillnader mellan de olika alternativa vägutformningar och trafiksammansättningar som har undersökts. Det alternativ som har genererat minst medelfördröjning av undersökta är scenariot med tre omkörningsfält, 30 % andel omkörbar längd och 10 % tunga fordon. Dessutom har det visat sig att andel tunga fordon är den faktor som påverkar medelreshastigheten och medelfördröjningen mest. De hastighetsflödessamband som Trafikverket använder sig av ligger generellt sett högre än de samband som framtagits via trafiksimulering. Vidare arbete behövs därför för att bekräfta denna skillnad. Dessutom behöver effekten av fler alternativa utformningar och andra hastighetspåverkande faktorer undersökas.
2

Traffic Simulation Modelling of Rural Roads and Driver Assistance Systems

Tapani, Andreas January 2008 (has links)
Microscopic traffic simulation has proven to be a useful tool for analysis of varioustraffic systems. This thesis consider microscopic traffic simulation of rural roads andthe use of traffic simulation for evaluation of driver assistance systems. A traffic simulation modelling framework for rural roads, the Rural Traffic Simulator(RuTSim), is developed. RuTSim is designed for simulation of traffic on singlecarriageway two-lane rural roads and on rural roads with separated oncoming trafficlanes. The simulated traffic may be interrupted by vehicles entering and leaving themodelled road at intersections or roundabouts. The RuTSim model is applied for analysis of rural road design alternatives.Quality-of-service effects of three alternatives for oncoming lane separation of anexisting Swedish two-lane road are analysed. In another model application, RuTSimis used to simulate traffic on a Dutch two-lane rural road. This application illustratesthat the high level of model detail of traffic micro-simulation may call for use of differentmodelling assumptions regarding driver behaviour for different applications,e. g. for simulation of traffic in different cultural regions. The use of traffic simulation for studies of driver assistance systems facilitateimpact analyses already at early stages of the system development. New and additionalrequirements are however then placed on the traffic simulation model. It isnecessary to model both the system functionality of the considered driver assistancesystem and the driver behaviour in system equipped vehicles. Such requirements canbe analysed using RuTSim. In this thesis, requirements on a traffic simulation model to be used for analysisof road safety effects of driver assistance systems are formulated and investigatedusing RuTSim. RuTSim is also applied for analyses of centre line rumble stripson two-lane roads, of an overtaking assistant and of adaptive cruise control. Thesestudies establish that the assumptions made regarding driver behaviour are crucialfor traffic simulation based analyses of driver assistance systems.
3

Verification of Rural Traffic Simulator, RuTSim 2

Akililu, Meaza Negash January 2012 (has links)
Traffic models based on micro-simulation are becoming increasingly important as traffic analysistools. Due to the detailed traffic description, different micro-simulation models are needed tosimulate different traffic environments. The Rural Traffic Simulator, RuTSim, is a unique microtrafficsimulation model for traffic on rural roads. RuTSim is developed at VTI with support fromthe Swedish Transport Administration. Currently, a new version of the RuTSim model has beenimplemented based on the earlier one but with some enhancements. Due to these enhancements,the new implementation of RuTSim should be verified before being used to analyze real worldproblems. In this master’s thesis, a verification of the new implementation of the RuTSim model, RuTSim 2,has been carried out. This paper includes a description of traffic micro-simulation models forrural roads in general and a description of RuTSim model in particular. Common verificationtechniques of the simulation models are also discussed in this study. Based on the theoretical assessments, a model-to-model comparison verification scheme isselected to verify the RuTSim 2 model. That is, the model verification is performed by comparingthe simulation outputs from RuTSim 2 to the old version of RuTSim (RuTSim 1), since RuTSim1 is well verified and calibrated. Statistical hypothesis tests are used to check whether the meanand standard deviation differences of the simulation outputs between the two simulators aresignificant or not. Based on the verification results, the new version of the RuTSim model has comparable modelingof vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-infrastructure interactions as the old version. Furthermore, thehypothesis test results show that the differences of the mean simulation results of the twosimulators are not significant. Therefore, the new implementation of RuTSim model, RuTSim 2,has been proven to be equivalent model as the old version.
4

Kan SUMO användas för simulering av 2+1-vägar?

Calais, Ella, Kristofersson, Filip January 2021 (has links)
Traffic simulation is a growing research field which enables study and evaluation of the dynamics of a traffic system with the help of today’s various traffic simulation models. Rural roads with separated oncoming lanes and alternating lanes for overtaking, so-called 2+1 roads, are becoming increasingly common in Sweden due to its positive safety effects. In Sweden, there is today only one traffic simulation model developed for simulation of these road types, RuTSim (Rural Traffic Simulator). RuTSim is a research tool which makes it difficult to apply for others than the developers. This study therefore investigated whether the more accessible open-source code traffic simulation model SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) developed for urban and motorway traffic can be modified for modeling of traffic operations on 2+1 roads. Simulations of a virtual 2+1 road section were examined qualitatively and quantitatively using various comparison metrics aimed at capturing the characteristic traffic operations and human driver behavior on 2+1 roads. The results were further compared with an identical road section simulated in RuTSim. By adjusting parameters in the SUMO model and using its source code in its original form, the results show that it is to some extent possible to reflect the traffic operations and human driver behavior on 2+1 road, while some important mechanisms cannot be fully captured. By further modifying the source code in such a way that the speed of overtaking vehicles is temporarily increased, some of these missing mechanisms are successfully captured. The conclusion is that SUMO to some extent can model 2+1 roads, but the simulation model still lacks some basic mechanisms for capturing some of the traffic operations. For future studies, it is recommended to focus on further developing the sub-models for the merging behavior at the end of the two-lane sections, which differs compared to merging at on-ramps or lane closures since merging on 2+1 roads are part of an overtaking process.

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