Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois, 1918. / Vita.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois, 1918. / Vita.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1917. / "Private edition, distributed by the University of Chicago libraries, Chicago, Illinois." "Reprinted from the Botanical gazette, Vol. LXVI, No. 5, November 1918" "Literature cited": p. 418-419.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1959. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-45).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio state university, 1922. / Cover-title. Autobiography. "Papers from the Department of botany, the Ohio state university, no. 171." "Literature cited": p. 265-266.

The Large Copper butterfly, Lycaena dispar, is extinct in Britain and rapidly declining in the rest of Europe, due predominantly to loss of its wetland habitats. In the Netherlands the sub-species L. d. batavus is at the edge of its range in Northern Europe and, as with most marginal butterflies, has more specialised food plant and habitat requirements than the core populations of L. d. ruti/us. The aim of this study was to investigate some of the reasons for its continuing rarity, particularly looking at the reasons for its specialisation on Rumex hydrolapathum in a fen land habitat, whilst L. d. ruti/us is more generalist and utilises a range of Rumex species. Laboratory experiments reveal that L. d. batavus has retained its ability to feed on other Rumex species, without detriment to their overall survival and can utilise these alternative host plants more efficiently than their natural host plant. This indicates that plant chemistry is not responsible for their lack of utilisation in the wild. Field experiments have also shown these potential hosts can support larvae, throughout each of their larval stages, to maturity within a natural habitat, with no significant differences in survival rates compared with R. hydrolapathum. Investigations into adult female oviposition preferences were undertaken. Females showed a willingness to oviposit on alternative Rumex and expressed no preference for any particular plant species. There are plans to re-establish L. dispar into Britain in the near future, dependent upon the location of a suitable donor population. Allozyme electrophoresis work on L. dispar and several of its captive colonies, has revealed that the wild Dutch, and one captive population, have sufficiently high levels of genetic diversity that may enable a reestablishment programme to go ahead with a captive colony, if necessary.

I studied the species Rumex alpinus by reviewing the literature on the taxonomy, morphology, population biology, genetics, chemistry, physiology and ecology. Herbochronological studies on growth parameters of rhizomes were done on the Rumex alpinus plants in relation to altitude and to the climtic fluctulations, specifically to the snow accumulation.

Leaves of Rumex obtusifolius L. and R. patientia L.were exposed to combinations of mild water stress and enhanced ultraviolet-B irradiation during their ontogeny. Two UV-B treatments (enhanced UV-B and control) and three water stress treatments (-0.0 MPa, -0.2 MPa and -0.4 MPa rooting medium matric potentials) were employed. The impact of the stress interaction was assessed on the basis of changes in leaf area, average adaxial epidermal cell size, and total number of adaxial epidermal cells per leaf. Although the level of UV-B irradiation applied was insufficient to significantly alter leaf growth at any given water stress, UV-B did interact with water stress to alter the pattern o= plant response to water stress. The interaction was only apparent when the water stress was greater than -0.2 MPa root matric potential. For both species UV-B irradiation exacerbated the depression of leaf growth due to -0.4 MPa water stress. For R. obtusifolius the basis of the reduction in leaf growth was likely a reduction in the rate of cell division during the early phase of leaf growth. For R. patientia the effect of the interaction on cell division was less clear. Cell expansion was not directly affected by UV-B irradiation in either species, although the reduction in cell size with increasing water stress was apparent. In terrestrial ecosystems, mild water stress is a common occurrence and with predicted anthropogenic modifications of the atmospheric ozone layer, UV-B radiation reaching the earth's surface can be expected to increase. The effect or. higher plants of the stress interaction may thus be of considerable significance under natural conditions.

Submitted by Luciana Sebin (lusebin@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T19:18:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMASSL.pdf: 2017110 bytes, checksum: 0268f5d954312659c26bf8cb7bd75a25 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-13T18:18:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMASSL.pdf: 2017110 bytes, checksum: 0268f5d954312659c26bf8cb7bd75a25 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-13T18:19:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMASSL.pdf: 2017110 bytes, checksum: 0268f5d954312659c26bf8cb7bd75a25 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T18:19:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMASSL.pdf: 2017110 bytes, checksum: 0268f5d954312659c26bf8cb7bd75a25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Azedinha (Rumex acetosa L.) has pleased the consumer for its sour taste. Considered an unconventional vegetable, their redemption becomes important to allow notable gains from the nutritional, social, cultural, economic and environmental point of view. The objective was to characterize morphologically copies of azedinha obtained from seeds, determine their sensory characteristics and acceptance, as well as analyze some physicochemical parameters, and determine the absorptions of macro and micronutrients and biometric parameters during 60 days after transplanting (DAT). The experiment was conducted at the Centro de Ciências Agrárias, belonging to the Universidade Federal São Carlos - UFSCar in the city of Araras - SP. Biometric parameters were evaluated (length of the leaf, relative leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoots) and the macro and micronutrients absorption march from plants collected at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50 and 60 DAT. They evaluated the length, width and length / width ratio of leaf blade; petiole length and width close to the blade; diameter of the stump; the shoot length; length of ochreas; shape of the leaf blade; kind of apex; base form; type of veining and type of margin of the leaf blade; type of ochreas; characterization of the stem; length and diameter (neck) of the root. It also determined the levels of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and chlorophyll parameter. For sensory analysis was used the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). Sensory analysis of acceptance was conducted with 52 judges, in relation to vii appearance, aroma, flavor, texture and overall impression, as well as purchase intent. The biometric parameters increased over time after transplantation and most markedly after the recommended times for harvest (20 and 35 DAT). The maximum levels of macro and micronutrients accumulated in the shoot, in descending order were as follows: K > N > Mg > P and Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu. The morphological descriptors with greater discriminatory power for azedinha were the types of margin and venation of the leaf blade, the characterization of the stem, the presence of ochrea and shape of the leaf blade, ranging from sagittate the hastate. It also infers that the best harvest time is between 20 and 35 DAT. The average content of ascorbic acid was 10,25 mg 100g-1 sample, total phenolic 291,46 mg of gallic acid 100 g-1 dry weight and chlorophyll parameter was 36,6 SPAD units. As for the quantitative descriptive analysis, the leaves of azedinha framed up closer to dark green; most have arrow or spear shape; smooth; with sharp aroma of grape skin; more acid flavor, such as green blackberries; there was no residual bitterness; they were folding; wrinkle free; soft to chew and thin. Regarding the acceptability test, the notes to the variable color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability were high and most judges would buy this vegetable. / A azedinha (Rumex acetosa L.) tem agradado o consumidor por seu sabor ácido. Considerada hortaliça não convencional, seu resgate se torna importante ao possibilitar ganhos notáveis do ponto de vista nutricional, social, cultural, econômico e ambiental. Objetivou-se caracterizar morfologicamente exemplares de azedinha obtidos de sementes, determinar seus atributos sensoriais e aceitação, bem como analisar alguns parâmetros físico-químicos, e determinar a marcha de absorção de macro e micronutrientes e os parâmetros biométricos durante 60 dias após transplante (DAT). O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciências Agrárias, pertencente à Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, no município de Araras – SP. Avaliaram-se os parâmetros biométricos (comprimento da lâmina foliar, área foliar relativa, massas fresca e seca da parte aérea) e a marcha de absorção de macro e micronutrientes de plantas coletadas aos 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50 e 60 DAT. Foram avaliados o comprimento, a largura e a relação comprimento/largura das lâminas foliares; comprimento e largura do pecíolo próximo à lâmina; diâmetro da touceira; comprimento da parte aérea; comprimento das ócreas; forma da lâmina foliar; tipo de ápice; forma da base; tipo de nervação e tipo de margem da lâmina foliar; tipo de ócrea; caracterização do caule; comprimento e diâmetro (colo) da raiz. Foram determinados também os teores de ácido ascórbico, fenólicos totais e o parâmetro clorofila. Para a análise sensorial foi utilizada a Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ). A análise sensorial de v aceitação foi realizada com 52 julgadores, em relação à aparência, aroma, sabor, textura e impressão global, além da intenção de compra. Os parâmetros biométricos aumentaram ao longo do tempo após o transplante e, mais acentuadamente, após o intervalo estimado, pela literatura, para a colheita (20 a 35 DAT). Os teores máximos dos macro e micronutrientes acumulados na parte aérea, em ordem decrescente foram respectivamente: K > N > Mg > P e Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu. Os descritores morfológicos com maior poder discriminatório para a azedinha foram os tipos de margem e nervação da lâmina foliar, a caracterização do caule, a presença de ócrea e a forma da lâmina foliar, que vai de sagitada a hastada. Infere-se também que, para mudas obtidas de sementes, a melhor época de colheita é entre 20 e 35 DAT. O teor médio de ácido ascórbico foi 10,25 mg 100g-1 de amostra, de fenólicos totais foi equivalente a 291,46 mg de ácido gálico 100g-1 de massa seca e o parâmetro clorofila foi de 36,6 unidades SPAD. Quanto à análise descritiva quantitativa, as folhas de azedinha enquadraram-se mais próximas à cor verde escura; a maioria possui formato de seta ou lança; lisas; com acentuado aroma de casca de uva; sabor mais ácido, como o da amora verde; não havia amargo residual; eram dobráveis; sem rugas; macias ao mastigar e finas. Em relação ao teste de aceitabilidade, as notas para as variáveis aparência, sabor, textura e aceitação global foram altas e a maioria dos julgadores comprariam essa hortaliça.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EnioRMS_DISSERT.pdf: 3992326 bytes, checksum: bb9137184687e3f768baf2f24b7cf158 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Studies show the great influence of free radicals and other oxidants as responsible for aging and degenerative diseases. On the other hand, the natural phenolic compounds has shown great as antioxidants to inhibit lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase in vitro. Among these, is highlighted trans-resveratrol ( 3,5,4 `- trihydroxystilbene ) phenolic compound , characterized as a polyphenol stilbene class. The vegetables popularly known as "Azedinha" (Rumex Acetosa) has trans-resveratrol in its composition and from this, the present work aimed to study on the supercritical extraction and conventional extraction (Soxhlet and sequential) in roots of Rumex Acetosa, evaluating the efficiency of extractive processes, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and quantification of trans-resveratrol contained in the extracts. Extractions using supercritical CO2 as solvent, addition of co-solvent (ethanol) and were conducted by the dynamic method in a fixed bed extractor. The trial met a 23 factorial design with three replications at the central point, with the variable reply process yield and concentration of trans-resveratrol and pressure as independent variables, temperature and concentration of co-solvent (% v/v). Yields ( mass of dry extract / mass of raw material used ) obtained from the supercritical extraction ranged from 0,8 to 7,63 % , and the best result was obtained at 250 bar and 90 ?C using the co-solvent 15% ethanol (% v/v). The value was calculated for YCER a flow rate of 1,0 ? 0,17 g/min resulting in 0,0469 CO2 ( g solute / g solvent ). The results of the mass yield varied between conventional extractions 0,78 % ( hexane) and 9,97 % (ethanol). The statistical model generated from the data of the concentration of trans-resveratrol performed as meaningful and predictive for a 95% confidence. GC analysis on HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), transresveratrol was quantified in all extracts and concentration values ranged between 0,0033 and 0,42 ( mg / g extract) for supercritical extracts and between 0,449 and 17,046 (mg / g extract) to conventional extractions and therefore, the Soxhlet extraction with ethanol for more selective trans-resveratrol than the supercritical fluid. Evaluation of antioxidant (radical method to sequester 2,2- diphenyl-1- picryl - hydrazyl - DPPH) the supercritical extracts resulted in EC50 values (concentration effective to neutralize 50% of free radicals) of between 7,89 and 18,43 mg/mL , while resulting in a Soxhlet extraction with EC50 values in the range of 6,05 and 7,39 mg/mL. As for quantification of the phenolic compounds (Method Spectrophotometer Folin-Ciocalteau) the supercritical extracts resulted in values between 85,3 and 194,79 mg GAE / g extract, whereas values derived from the Soxhlet extract resulted in values between 178,5 and 237,8 mg GAE / g extract. The high antioxidant activity can not be attributed solely to the presence of phenolic compounds, but the presence of other antioxidants in the existing Rumex acetosa / Estudos revelam a grande influ?ncia dos radicais livres e outros oxidantes como respons?veis pelo envelhecimento e por doen?as degenerativas. Por outro lado, os compostos fen?licos naturais tem-se apresentado como ?timos antioxidantes por inibirem a peroxida??o lip?dica e a lipooxigenase in vitro. Dentre estes, encontra-se em destaque o trans-resveratrol (3,5,4 trihidroxiestilbeno), composto fen?lico, caracterizado como um polifenol da classe estilbeno. A hortali?a popularmente conhecida como Azedinha (Rumex acetosa) possui o trans-resveratrol em sua composi??o e a partir disto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral o estudo sobre a extra??o supercr?tica e a extra??o convencional (Soxhlet e sequencial) em ra?zes da Rumex acetosa, avaliando-se a efici?ncia dos processos extrativos, a atividade antioxidante, o teor de fen?licos totais e a quantifica??o do trans-resveratrol contido nos extratos. As extra??es supercr?ticas utilizaram CO2 como solvente, adicionado de co-solvente (etanol) e foram conduzidas pelo m?todo din?mico em um extrator de leito fixo. Os ensaios obedeceram a um planejamento fatorial 23 com triplicata no ponto central, tendo como vari?vel resposta o rendimento do processo e a concentra??o de trans-resveratrol e como vari?veis independentes a press?o, a temperatura e a concentra??o de co-solvente (% v/v). Os rendimentos (massa de extrato seco/ massa de mat?ria-prima utilizada) obtidos da extra??o supercr?tica variaram de 0,8 a 7,63%, sendo que o melhor resultado foi obtido a 250 bar e 90?C, com uso do co-solvente etanol a 15% (v/v). O valor de YCER foi calculado para uma vaz?o de 1,0 ? 0,17 g/min de CO2 resultando em 0,0469 (g soluto/ g solvente). Os resultados de rendimento em massa para as extra??es convencionais variaram entre 0,78% (hexano) e 9,97% (etanol). O modelo estat?stico gerado a partir dos dados de concentra??o de transresveratrol se apresentou como significativo e preditivo para uma confian?a de 95%. Atrav?s de an?lises cromatogr?ficas em CLAE (Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia), o transresveratrol foi quantificado em todos os extratos obtidos e os valores de concentra??o variaram entre 0,0033 e 0,42 (mg/g extrato) para os extratos supercr?ticos e entre 0,449 e 17,046 (mg/g extrato) para extra??es convencionais, sendo, portanto, a extra??o Soxhlet com etanol mais seletiva em trans-resveratrol que a supercr?tica. A avalia??o do poder antioxidante Extra??o, caracteriza??o e avalia??o bioativa do extrato de Rumex acetosa iii ?nio Rafael de Medeiros Santos, Agosto de 2013 (m?todo do sequestro do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil-DPPH) dos extratos supercr?ticos resultaram em valores de EC50 (Concentra??o efetiva que neutraliza 50% dos radicais livres) compreendidos entre 7,89 e 18,43 μg/mL, enquanto que as extra??es com Soxhlet resultaram em valores de EC50 na faixa de 6,05 e 7,39 μg/mL. J? a quantifica??o dos compostos fen?licos totais (M?todo espectrofot?metro de Folin-Ciocalteau) dos extratos supercr?ticos resultaram em valores compreendidos entre 85,3 e 194,79 mg EAG/g extrato, enquanto que os valores dos extratos oriundos do Soxhlet resultaram em valores compreendidos entre 178,5 e 237,8 mg EAG/g extrato. A alta atividade antioxidante pode ser atribu?da n?o somente ? presen?a de compostos fen?licos, mas tamb?m ? presen?a de outros antioxidantes existentes na Rumex acetosa