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Energy intake and expenditure in individual female collegiate distance runnersBraddick, Jeanne Ann 12 March 2013 (has links)
In recent studies, caloric intakes among female distance runners were reported to be insufficient to support training intensities. To study energy intake and expenditure in female collegiate distance runners, ten members of the Virginia Tech cross-country team were utilized as subjects. / Master of Science
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The effects of a running lifestyle on body composition and caloric intake in female distance runnersWilliams, Kristen Jane. January 1985 (has links)
Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 W54 / Master of Science
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Effect of consumption of carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on running performance after pre-exercise glycemic index meal. / 運動前進食不同血糖指數食物及運動中補充碳水化合物飲料對長跑能力的影響 / Effect of consumption of carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on running performance after pre-exercise glycemic index meal. / Yun dong qian jin shi bu tong xue tang zhi shu shi wu ji yun dong zhong bu chong tan shui hua he wu yin liao dui chang pao neng li de ying xiangJanuary 2004 (has links)
Chan Oi Wan = 運動前進食不同血糖指數食物及運動中補充碳水化合物飲料對長跑能力的影響 / 陳靄允. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-91). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chan Oi Wan = Yun dong qian jin shi bu tong xue tang zhi shu shi wu ji yun dong zhong bu chong tan shui hua he wu yin liao dui chang pao neng li de ying xiang / Chen Aiyun. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.ix / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the Study --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Review of Literature --- p.6 6 / Chapter 2.1 --- "Energy Metabolism during Prolonged, Submaximal Exercise" --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Importance of Nutrition on Exercise Performance --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Application of GI --- p.20 / Chapter CHAPTER Three --- Methodology --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1 --- General Methods --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Preliminary Testing --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Subjects --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4 --- Experimental Design --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5 --- Procedures --- p.47 / Chapter 3.6 --- Prescribed Meals --- p.50 / Chapter 3.7 --- Prescribed CHO-electrolyte Drink --- p.50 / Chapter 3.8 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Results --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Dietary Analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- Running Performance --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3 --- Blood Metabolites --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4 --- Metabolic Responses --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5 --- Subjective Responses and Heart Rates Responses --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Discussion --- p.64 / Recommendations and Applications --- p.70 / References --- p.72 / Appendices --- p.95
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Dietary trends in muscle glycogen repletion among collegiate distance runnersTanaka, Jill A. January 1994 (has links)
In an attempt to determine the extent to which well-trained endurance athletes practice the dietary recommendations for maximizing muscle glycogen resynthesis, twenty-four collegiate cross-country runners (14 males and 10 females) were chosen as subjects. The athletes kept four-day food and activity records during both a training and competitive period in the regular season. Energy intake was shown to be adequate in both phases. Total calories from carbohydrate, primarily complex, were found to be inadequate (<60%) for male runners and desirable (>60%) for females. Approximately 50% or less of the time carbohydrate was ingested immediately post-exercise, with even far less taken in suggested quantities (-1 g CHO/kg body weight). While the male athletes consumed primarily a combined solid and liquid form of carbohydrate immediately post-exercise, the females chose solid sources. Cereals and other breads were the most popular types of carbohydrate chosen immediately following exercise, in addition to commercial sports drinks/bars which were frequently ingested. An even more unfavorable trend in the distance runners was the infrequency of additional carbohydrate being ingested at two hour intervals following exercise. There were no significant differences in dietary trends between training and competitive phases. Overall these endurance athletes were not practicing the recommended feeding regimen for optimal muscle glycogen restoration. / Department of Home Economics
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Effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate meals on running performance =: 運動前進食不同碳水化合物食物對長跑能力的影響. / 運動前進食不同碳水化合物食物對長跑能力的影響 / Effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate meals on running performance =: Yun dong qian jin shi bu tong tan shui hua he wu shi wu dui chang pao neng li de ying xiang. / Yun dong qian jin shi bu tong tan shui hua he wu shi wu dui chang pao neng li de ying xiangJanuary 2002 (has links)
Lok Cheuk-ming, Andy. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-73). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Lok Cheuk-ming, Andy. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of Study --- p.4 / Chapter CHAPTER2 --- Review of Literature --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- "Energy Metabolism During Prolonged, Submaximal Exercise" --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Energy Metabolism in Humans / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Amount of Energy Stores in Body / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Substrates Utilization during Prolonged Exercise / Chapter 2.2 --- Importance of Pre-exercise Nutrition on Exercise Performance --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Pre-exercise CHO Supplementation / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Timing of CHO and Transient Hypoglycemia / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Type of CHO / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Other Nutrients / Chapter 2.3 --- Application of the Glycemic Index to Pre-exercise Nutrition --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Definition of Glycemic Index (GI) / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Ingestion of GI Foods Before Exercise / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Summary of the Previous Findings / Chapter CHAPTER3 --- Methodology --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- General Methods --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2 --- Participants --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- Experimental Design --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4 --- Procedures --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5 --- Prescribed Glycemic Index Meals --- p.39 / Chapter 3.6 --- Analysis --- p.40 / Chapter 3.7 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.41 / Chapter CHAPTER4 --- Results --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1 --- Running Performance --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2 --- Dietary Analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 4.3 --- Physiological Changes At Rest and During Exercise --- p.44 / Chapter 4.5 --- Changes in Perceptual Variables and Heart Rates At Rest and During Exercise --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER5 --- Discussion --- p.56 / Recommendation and Applications --- p.61 / References --- p.62 / Appendices --- p.74
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Inflammation, immune suppression, and iron status in endurance athletes and the effects of antioxidant supplementationHopkins, Dawn Marie Weseli 19 February 2003 (has links)
During extreme exercise, athletes experience increased inflammation that is
similar to the acute phase response. Endurance athletes, distance runners in
particular, are also more susceptible to compromised iron stores. This study
evaluated inflammation, immune function and iron status in athletes completing a
50K ultramarathon. Twenty-two well-trained distance runners, 11 males and 11
females, were randomized in a double blind manner into--1) those who consumed
300 mg vitamin E and 1000 mg vitamin C (500 mg twice daily) or 2) placebos--for
six weeks before and one week following a 50K ultramarathon race. Blood
samples were obtained on 13 separate occasions throughout the study: before
supplementation, during supplementation, the day before the race, pre-race, mid-race,
immediately post-race, 2 hours following the race, and daily for six days
following the race. Plasma levels of ascorbic acid and ��-tocopherol were measured
by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6
(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-�� (TNF-��), and interleukin-1�� (IL-1��) were measured
using standard clinical assays. Each subject recorded immune function in an
activity log and incidence of illness was tabulated as number of days ill. Ferritin
was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total-iron
binding capacity (TIBC) and serum total iron were analyzed by standard
procedures.
Plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid and ��-tocopherol increased
significantly in supplemented subjects (p<0.0001). Although the ultramarathon
race elicited an inflammatory response, antioxidant supplementation did not alter
the responses of IL-6 and TNF-��, which both increased from pre-race to mid-race,
post- and post-2 h (Scheffe post-hoc analysis, p<0.0001) and returned to pre-race
concentrations by 1 day after the race. Male supplemented subjects had lower IL-1��
concentrations compared to females consuming the supplement or to males
consuming the placebo (ANCOVA, gender/time/treatment interaction; p<0.01) at
mid-race (p<0.05 females, p<0.005 males), post 1 and 2 days (all p<0.002).
Males had significantly higher ferritin levels than the female subjects (ANOVA, p<0.0001); supplementation resulted in lower ferritin concentrations at post-5 days
(p<0.02, ANCOVA treatment time interaction, p<0.005). Supplementation did
not reduce the days illness among those consuming antioxidants compared to those
consuming the placebos. Ferritin not only increases during inflammation, it also is a measure of iron
stores. Females had significantly lower levels of iron than the male subjects for
each of the iron parameters measured (hemoglobin and hematocrit both p<0.0001,
ferritin p<0.001, TIBC p<0.02) excluding serum total iron. The ferritin
concentrations measured in the women were indicative of depleted iron stores (<12
��g/l), and antioxidant supplementation increased hematocrit levels in the female
subjects (p<0.05). This investigation indicates that female distance runners need
to be aware of an increased susceptibility to iron depletion compared to their male
counterparts. Antioxidant supplementation improved hematocrit levels (p<0.05)
among female runners and may improve iron status among females with depleted
stores.
Although other investigations have suggested that antioxidant vitamins
decrease exercise induced inflammation, no profound benefit of supplementation
was found in this investigation though a response similar to the acute phase
response was elicited by the ultramarathon race. Improvements in IL-i and
ferritin in response to antioxidant supplementation may indicate that the
supplementation was beneficial, but more research is needed to draw definitive
conclusions. / Graduation date: 2003
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