Orientador: Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira Bergamasco / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T13:38:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 QueirozNeto_Exzolvildres_D.pdf: 1535434 bytes, checksum: 7c0c35b4ea381b61693350a521667666 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O espaço é um recurso único e sua disponibilidade ocorre por um processo de vivência e nenhuma atividade humana se pode realizar sem a sua apropriação permanente ou temporária. O espaço rural constitui-se em uma forma-conteúdo complexa objeto de uso herdado do passado, portanto, de forma durável que reúne visões de mundo, elementos simbólicos, materiais e imateriais, natureza, força de trabalho, consumidores, saberes, cultura, normas, contradições, conflitos, contrastes, lógicas, instituições, atores sociais, entre outros, em configurações espaciais diferenciadas, ora fragmentadas, complementares, dinâmicas, adensadas, dispersas, difusas. O trabalho analisa o espaço rural do município de Oliveira em Minas Gerais para além da descrição e da dimensão da racionalidade setorial econômica e procura explicar a organização sócio-espacial da terra em uma perspectiva da complexidade e de articulação das múltiplas variáveis do espaço rural. Neste sentido, procura responder o problema de pesquisa de como famílias de agricultores no espaço rural do município de Oliveira, MG estruturam a organização sócio-espacial da terra, a relação com o ambiente, as ações frente as política públicas, as influências urbanas e a economia. Esta análise compreendeu a dinâmica espacial em seus múltiplos referenciais e escalas. Os objetivos se enredaram pela compreensão, análise e explicação do espaço rural a partir da organização social da terra. Empreendeu-se a análise dos diálogos, das políticas públicas, do ambiente e das ações dos atores sociais envolvidos com o espaço rural do município Adotou-se como método de pesquisa a observação, a entrevista e a análise de fontes secundárias. O espaço rural de Oliveira, MG apresenta processos de modificações e transformações na organização social da terra que englobam desde a trama institucional, os atores sociais, a política, o Estado, o mercado e o ambiente. Por conseguinte, a organização sócio-espacial da terra é uma construção dos atores sociais no cotidiano e em um determinado contexto. Estudar o espaço rural de Oliveira foi um descortinar de reminiscências empíricas em busca do crepúsculo da fragmentação do pensamento / Abstract: Space is a unique resource and its availability is a process of living and no human activity can take place without its appropriation permanent or temporary. The countryside is in a form-content use complex object inherited from the past, so in a way that meets sustainable worldviews, symbolic elements, material and immaterial nature, labor, consumers, knowledge, culture, norms , contradictions, conflicts, contrasts, logical, institutions, social actors, among others, in different spatial configurations, sometimes fragmented, complementary, dynamic, densely populated, scattered, diffuse. This study examines the rural municipality of Oliveira in Minas Gerais beyond description and the size of sectoral economic rationality and seeks to explain the socio-spatial organization of land in a perspective of complexity and coordination of multiple variables of the countryside. In this sense, attempts to answer the research problem of how farming families in rural areas of the municipality of Oliveira, MG structure the socio-spatial organization of the land, the relationship with the environment, the actions against the public policy, urban influences and the economy . This analysis included the spatial dynamics in its multiple references and scales. The goal is entangled by the understanding, analysis and explanation of rural social organization from the ground. Undertook the analysis of the dialogues, public policy, the environment and the actions of social actors involved in the rural areas of the city was adopted as a research method observation, interview and analysis of secondary sources. The rural de Oliveira, MG show processes of changes and transformations in the social organization of land that range from the plot institutional, social actors, politics, the state, market and environment. Therefore, the organization of socio-spatial land is a construction of social actors in everyday life and in a given context. Studying the rural de Oliveira was a disclosure of reminiscences empirical dusk in search of the fragmentation of thought / Doutorado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

The use and trade in medicinal plant products in South Africa is a cultivating sector of rural development. In order to conserve these plants and develop sustainable production, policies to promote domestication have been adopted. However, users view cultivated plants with scepticism. The key for policy makers is to understand how users respond to scarcity of species and whether domestication can be a solution. The main purpose of the study is to give an overview of variables that influence the rate of adoption of medicinal plant gardens. The last discussion will investigate whether domestication of species is an appropriate solution to conservation, or whether the intervention should be promoted as a local economic development option. The research took the form of a case study approach focusing on a specific area, with participatory and qualitative phases providing the basis for a semi-structured interview schedule, designed to assess the healer's acceptability of medicinal plant gardens, their comparative perception of cultivated and collected plants in their natural habitat/environment, and constraints in the establishment of medicinal plant gardens. Results indicated that:<li> The type of healer influences acceptability of medicinal plant gardens; •Healers use medicinal plant gardens to supply urban demand and provide income; • Healer and client perceptions of medicinal plant potency influence acceptability of cultivated plants; •Type of healer influences the environment in which species are collected. • Ancestral belief system forms an integral component of healers behavioural pattern.</li> The study concludes that:<li> Local scarcity of medicinal plants alone does not stimulate demand for nurseries; • Rituals associated with some treatments influence collection, storage and cultivation patterns; • Policy makers also need to promote domestication for commercial production and to investigate alternatives for propagating the population of some plant species in their natural habitat/environment to cater for specific needs of healers and • Interview responses, although useful, cannot always be taken at face value<//i>. / Dissertation (M Inst Agrar ( Agricultural Extension))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

Orientador: Mauro Jose Andrade Tereso / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T02:09:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pasin_LuizEugenioVeneziani_D.pdf: 2635335 bytes, checksum: f3eafd23983f962147507e0a5c2f01eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: No Brasil o domínio das técnicas de manejo das abelhas africanizadas permitiu que os apicultores explorassem melhor o potencial da flora brasileira. A apicultura é uma atividade nobre e das mais antigas, podendo ser considerada uma opção estratégica capaz de gerar ocupação e renda na unidade de produção agropecuária-UPA. Porém, a forma de condução do negócio é que definirá a capacidade de proporcionar renda e o próprio fortalecimento da atividade como alternativa econômica para o apicultor. Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar e analisar a organização da produção e comercialização do mel na região do Vale do Paraíba-SP. Em uma amostra significativa, que envolveu 116 UPAs atendidas pelo escritórios de desenvolvimento regional ¿ EDRs de Guaratinguetá e Pindamonhangaba, aplicou-se questionário e entrevistas junto aos apicultores, caracterizando o perfil sócio-econômico do apicultor, a participação da renda apícola na renda total da UPA e as ações estratégicas adotadas. Dados secundários foram coletados no Centro de Estudos Apícolas da Universidade de Taubaté ¿ CEA/UNITAU, nas casas de agricultura municipal, nas EDRs de Guaratinguetá e Pindamonhangaba, na Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento de São Paulo-SAA/SP, no Serviço de Inspeção Federal-SIF e nos Institutos de Pesquisa e Estatísticas IBGE, IEA, SEADE, MDIC. Verificou-se que a atividade apícola se caracteriza como complementaridade de renda. A região não possui programas oficiais para o desenvolvimento da apicultura, as associações de apicultores existentes não são atuantes e as ações de fomento ocorrem com base em iniciativas isoladas de pequenos grupos de apicultores juntamente com o técnico da Casa de Agricultura. De maneira geral as ações organizativas para a produção e comercialização do produto mel não são realizadas em grupos, prevalecendo a individualidade entre os apicultores. A presença de fragmentos do capital social, parcialmente relacionado com os demais capitais intangíveis, caracteriza na região a existência do arranjo produtivo do mel em processo de formação não consolidado / Abstract: The introduction of African bees to Brazil allowed beekeepers to explore Brazilian flora to its full potential. The work carried out with bees, can be considered a strategic option capable of generating income and employment in ¿Agro-industry Production Units¿ (UPAs). However, the way business is conducted will define the conditions for strengthening the activity as a viable economic alternative. The objective of this thesis was to identify and analyze the organization of production and commercialization of honey in the Valley of Paraíba region in São Paulo state. A sample of 116 UPAs were considered, all under the care of Regional Development Offices (EDRs) located in the municipalities of Guaratinguetá and Pindamonhangaba. Questionnaires were completed and interviews were undertaken with beekeepers and honey producers. This was done in order to understand their social and economic conditions, to analyze the share of their total income derived from activities with bees, and to define their strategy to continue with their businesses. Secondary data was collected at the University Centre for Bee Studies at Taubaté (CEA/UNITAU); Municipal Agricultural Centers (CAMs); the EDRs quoted above; the São Paulo Agency for Agriculture (SAA/SP); the Federal Inspection Service (SIF), and also at many statistical and research centers such as IBGE, IEA, SEADE, MDIC. Studies have shown that activities with bees are important sources of extra income. The region where this study was carried out has no governmental programs for the development of activities with bees. The contribution of existing Associations of Beekeepers is limited, and actions to encourage businesses are isolated, taken by small groups of people acting together with a local specialist from the CAMs. As a whole, the organizational activities in favor of production, marketing and sale of honey produce are not undertaken in groups, i.e. individual actions and ¿isolated activities¿ prevail. The presence of what is called ¿fragments of social capital¿, partially related to other intangible capital, characterizes (in the researched region) the existence of a ¿honey productive arrangement¿, which is in its initial stages of development / Doutorado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

A majority of the South African population live in poverty, particularly those in rural areas. During the year 2009, the South African government identified rural development as a key priority area in socio-economic issues and the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform was created to focus specifically on this issue. This was followed by the development of the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP). The CRDP is a government policy on rural development. The main focus of the programme is on agrarian transformation and land reform as pillars of rural development, alongside infrastructure provision such as housing, energy, sanitation, schools, clinics, boreholes and water reticulation system in rural areas. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to assess the socio-economic impacts of the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP). The study used Muyexe village in Greater Giyani Local Municipality as a case study. The objectives of the study included assessing challenges facing the Muyexe village, such as provision of basic services, job creation, skills development and public amenities. The first phase of the literature review focused on the definitions of rural development, rural development theories, development challenges and approaches on rural development. The second phase of the literature review further explored the developmental challenges for rural areas in South Africa since 1994. For this study, the researcher collected the primary data by making use of face to face interviews, while secondary data was gathered from the compiled frameworks, policies, reports of government departments, books, journals, conference papers, proceedings, presentations and the internet. The findings showed that a lot still needs to be done with regards to the development of infrastructure such as road, transport and adequate access to basic services. It was also found that the unemployment rate in the area is a serious concern. It was raised that most of the jobs that were created were only on a short term basis, with lower wages. While the enterprises and cooperatives established were struggling with vii production and generating income. The recommendations intending to strengthen the implementation of rural development initiatives such as the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme to have a better model of addressing rural development that will yield tangible results of sustainable development were also provided / Geography / M. Sc. (Geography)

Orientadores: Maria Angela Fagnani, Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira Bergamasco / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T09:55:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares_MariaDalvaOliveira_D.pdf: 37962678 bytes, checksum: 430b064f7f2890ea7bb4879b6d25733c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: o turismo no espaço rural, especialmente o agroturismo, intensifica-se no período da sociedade denominada pós-moderna. Pois, se durante o período da Revolução Industrial houve certo domínio das cidades sobre as atividades rurais, numa sociedade caracterizada como pós-industrial ou pós-moderna, parece haver uma revalorização do campo em função de seu espaço estar mais próximo da natureza, ou melhor, as transformações que aconteceram no seu território foram menores, pelo menos aparentemente, comparando-se àquelas que ocorreram nos espaços urbanos. As diversas modalidades do Turismo no espaço rural são encontradas pelos agricultores como complementação de renda em função das mudanças que ocorreram neste território. Diante da importância atribuída ao agroturismo, a primeira hipótese elaborada baseou-se em que o agroturismo contribui para aumentar a renda, gerar emprego, criar condições para fixar a população no campo, valorizar sua cultura e desenvolver práticas voltadas à apreciação da paisagem e à preservação ambiental. Desta maneira, o agroturismo aparece como uma alternativa para os agricultores familiares. A partir de observações iniciais, tanto em Cunha, como em Santo Antonio do Pinhal, elaborou-se outra hipótese na qual no espaço rural, se, de um lado o turismo é uma alternativa para os agricultores familiares, por outro lado está deslocando a população do campo por conta da valorização das terras, que essa atividade proporciona. Pela falta de alternativas para permanecer no campo, o agricultor vende sua.propriedade, muda-se para a cidade ou volta como empregado para trabalhar na sua antiga unidade de produção. E quem desenvolve o turismo são os neo-rurais, ex-citadinos que vêm fixando residência no campo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar o desenvolvimento da atividade turística no espaço rural, em alguns municípios do estado de São Paulo, buscando entender de que maneira ele pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento local e qual é o papel das políticas públicas para sua concretização. Foram escolhidos os municípios de Cunha, Santo Antonio do Pinhal e Louveira com base no critério de possuir atividades turísticas no espaço rural e de ter presença significativa de agricultores familiares. Na verdade, a busca neste trabalho pela condição e valorização do turismo no espaço rural enquanto um fator de fixação do homem no campo através do aumento de renda e emprego, não se concretizou, com exceção do que se pôde analisar em Louveira. Ao invés disso, o que se detectou foi o fato de agricultores tradicionais darem lugar a atividades turísticas na forma de pousadas no espaço rural, desenvolvidas por uma população originária de outros centros urbanos que buscam atividades alternativas e o sossego do campo. Trata-se de wna nova categoria denominada de neo-rurais, a exemplo do que vem ocorrendo em países da Europa Ocidental / Abstract: The tourism in rural areas, specially the agro-tourism, intensifies in the society period called postmodem. Because, if during the Industrial Revolution there was kind of a domination from the cities on the rural activities, in a society characterized as postindustrial or postmodem, it seems to have a new appreciation on the countryside in function of its space be near to the nature, or in other way, the transformations that happened in its territory were smaller, at least apparently, comparing to the ones that happened on the urban spaces. The different modalities of the Tourism on the rural space are found by the agricultures as an income complementation in function from the changes that happened on this territory. In front ofthe importance attributed to the agro-tourism, the first hypotheses elaborated was based in that the agro-tourism contributes to improve the income, generates employment, create conditions to fix the rural population, values their culture and develop practices towards to the landscape appreciation and to the environment preservation. In this way, the agro-tourism appears as an altemative to the familiar farming. From this initial observations, as in Cunha, as in Santo Antonio do Pinhal, it was elaborated a hypotheses where the rural space, if, in one hand the tourism is an altemative to the familiar faming, in other hand is dislocating the countryside population because of the land valorization, that this activity provides. For the lack of altematives to stay in the countryside, the agriculturist sells his property, moves to the city or goes back working as an employee in his fotmer production unity. And who develops the tourism are the neo-rural, former city dwellers that come fixing residence in the countryside. It was aimed in the research analyzing the development from the touristy activities on the rural areas, in some cities from São Paulo State, seeking to understand in which way it can contribute to the local development and what is the role from the public policies the accomplishment. It was chosen the cities of Cunha, Santo Antonio do Pinhal and Louveira based on the criteria of possessing touristy activities in the rural space and the significant presence from the familiar farming. Actually, this research seek the tourism conditions and value on the rural space as a factor of man fixation on the countryside through the income and employment increasement, it didn't accomplish, with the exception on what was analyzed in Louveira. Instead of this, what was detected was the fact to the traditional framings giving space to the touristy activities in the way of small hostels on the rural space, developed by a population originated from other urban centers that searched for altematives activities and the peace from the countryside. It treats from a new category denominated by neo-rural, as example from what has happening on the Occidental Europe countries / Doutorado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Women constitute the largest proportion of the rural adult South African population. The rural areas host women with the lowest levels of education and skills training in the country. The lack of basic education and skills has resulted in many of them being marginalised, rejected and discriminated against, unemployed and living in poverty. These social problems have serious negative effects on them and their families, which is why the educational provision of Adult and Community Education and Training in South Africa is a significant tool for their socio-economic advancement. This educational provision is aimed at empowering adults in general, and rural women in particular, with the necessary livelihood skills to lead productive lives and consequently the study sought to investigate the socio-economic lives of rural women through skills training for poverty reduction in the Mthatha area of South Africa. A qualitative research approach and an exploratory design were employed for the study. A sample of 35 participants, comprising 20 female learners, 4 educators, and 7 former learners were in addition to 4 learners selected for a focus group discussion. Other instruments with which data were collected constituted in-depth individual interviews and documentary analysis. The theories underpinning the study are Maslow‘s theory of motivation, empowerment theory and critical pedagogy. Among others, the findings revealed the absence of adequate resources with which to empower rural women and consequently the study recommends that Adult and Community Education and Training providers include programmes that can up-skill rural women based at community learning centres in an effort to enhance their economic development. Community learning centres must be fully resourced in terms of facilities and appropriate learning tools to render Adult and Community Education and Training a beneficial educational intervention for these rurally based women. / Educational Studies / Ph. D. (Socio-Education)