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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Chinese rural enterprises between plan and market

Zhang, Gang January 1997 (has links)
Chinese rural enterprises (REs) have continued to grow rapidly since the end of the 1970s, and today these enterprises account for half of China’s industrial output, up from nine per cent in 1978. As a market-oriented nonstate sector, the development of the REs has significantly contributed to both China’s impressive post-reform economic growth and its transition away from a centrally planned economy. This thesis focuses on examining the following important, yet poorly understood, issues of the development of Chinese REs: patterns of local government investment decision-making and impact of local government on the capital structure of the REs through its capital investment and its influence on the REs’ access to bank loans and on the extent to which outstanding payments of taxes and other dues to government serve as an informal credit in the total capital of REs. the phenomenon of soft budget constraints in the RE sector; how it is affected by local government ownership of REs, and what the major sources of budget softness are among local government investment, bank loans, informal credits such as inter-firm arrears, and payment of taxes. the nature and characteristics of transaction costs facing REs and how economic and institutional factors such as the level of economic development, degree of marketisation, the role of local government as well as informal institutions may have affected these costs. The empirical studies of this thesis are based on a set of detailed data from a survey of 630 REs which was undertaken in Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces in 1990. The results of these studies show that in many respects of their operation, REs – especially those owned by local governments – tend to follow rules of neither a planned nor a market system, but those of somewhat in between. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.
2

Trajectoires contemporaines du textile dans les Basses-Pyrénées. Contribution à l'histoire de l'industrialisation de la France du Sud-Ouest. / Textile industries in the Basses-Pyrénées from late eighteenth century to late twentieth century. Contribution to modern industrialisation history of the South-West of France

Gazzurelli, Jean-Loup 24 November 2017 (has links)
Ce travail s’inscrit dans une tendance historiographique récente visant à mieux comprendre la « vocation industrielle (…) beaucoup trop souvent sous-estimée » du Sud-Ouest de la France. Il tente pour cela de reconstituer les trajectoires des activités textiles à l’œuvre dans le département des Basses-Pyrénées au cours de la période contemporaine, à partir de l'étude des entreprises et de leur environnement, des statistiques et discours sur l'industrialisation, et des « cycles de vie » des articles fabriqués et commercialisés. L’étude met d’une part en évidence l’importance, la structuration et la diversité des activités textiles : les Basses-Pyrénées se caractérisent en effet par la grande variété des fabrications, en renouvellement constant (tissage, bonneterie, confection), et s’imposent même comme le principal espace de production de certains articles à la diffusion internationale (bérets, linge basque, lainages des Pyrénées, sandales). Elles présentent en parallèle des filières complètes, parfois uniques dans le Sud-Ouest, pour différentes matières premières (coton, lin, laine, jute).D’autre part, le maintien sur la longue durée des organisations productives diffuses, le recours massif à l’énergie hydraulique et la domination de la petite entreprise familiale s’articulent avec l’adoption souvent rapide des innovations techniques et une forte capacité de reconversion de multiples centres industriels ruraux ou urbains.Enfin, bien que limitée par la concurrence des grandes régions industrielles françaises vis-à-vis desquelles elles peuvent apparaître comme périphériques, les trajectoires textiles des Basses-Pyrénées parviennent à s’inscrire dans différentes échelles, du local à l’international. Elles témoignent d’échanges techniques et l’élargissement du capitalisme familial s’inscrivent dans des logiques endogènes et exogènes. L’exploitation des opportunités régionales joue à ce titre un rôle prépondérant : proximité de l’Espagne, cohérence vestimentaire d’une vaste aire pyrénéenne, extension des débouchés par l’émigration et la demande touristique, exploitation de l’aura régionaliste du Béarn, du Pays Basque et des Pyrénées. La position excentrée des Basses-Pyrénées, tout en étant une source de marginalisation économique, est un facteur de dynamisme industriel certes limité mais solidement inscrit dans la longue durée. / This study comes within the scope of a recent historiographical trend to change perception of the industrialisation of the South-West of France which is often approached from the perspective of underdevelopment . It aims at reconstructing the « paths » of different textile industries in the Basses-Pyrénées / Pyrénées-Atlantiques from late 18th century to late 20th century, based on the study of produce, markets, producting organisations, firms, views and representations. The research points out the importance, structuring and the diversity of textile industries : complete industrial processes can be found in Basses-Pyrénées for several fibres (cotton, linen, wool, jute) and some products are produced and sold by millions (berets, sandals and, to a leaser extent, basque linen, wool of the Pyrénées...). The maintain of “soft” producting organisations, the massive use of hydraulic power and the domination of family businesses are also linked with fast technical changes and strong ability of industrial reconversion inside various industrial countries and small or middle-sized towns.In the end, these industrial “paths” reveal the economical integration of Basses-Pyrénées on different scales, from local to international, as regards raw material, markets or technical, or financial and human movements. The exploitation of regional opportunities plays a major role in the continuity of these textile industries : proximity of Spain, continuing consumption in the pyrenean area, emigration to America, tourism, regionalistic vogue for Bearn, Basque Country and Pyrénées.

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