Orientador: Rosana Aparecida Baeninger / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T04:50:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maciel_LidianeMaria_M.pdf: 4548457 bytes, checksum: a9c1ac852d3c112fb174b315c81f8008 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta dissertação atentou para o sentido de "melhorar de vida" na migração. A pesquisa considerou que a noção geral de melhorar de vida altera definitivamente os arranjos familiares dos migrantes tanto nos locais de origem quanto nos locais de destino. A investigação fora realizada em São Carlos-SP e teve como campo uma região formada no bojo do processo de expansão urbana do município. Foram realizadas quinze entrevistas qualitativas com trabalhadores rurais migrantes nas quais tentamos mapear as transformações nos arranjos familiares proporcionados pela migração e os significados gerais da expressão melhorar de vida / Abstract: This master dissertation attempt to the meaning of better of life. The research was means which general notion of this sense relates to perspective of grown better means of life. This change to better on your turn change, in fact, familiar arrangement than in original place as last place. The research was been at São Carlos/SP and has how fieldwork villages built at scope of this municipal urban expansion process. Was happen 15 qualitative interviews with rural migrates who we tried mapping the changes in familiar arrangements conditioned by migration and the general meanings of the expression better of life / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia

South Africa is currently experiencing ever-increasing rural-urban migration with many citizens from the former homeland areas migrating to cities to seek employment. Despite long-term residence in urban areas, many township dwellers do not consider these places to be home. Research into circular migration patterns reveal the lifelong relationships that migrants (amagoduka) have with their family home (ekhayeni). This study aimed to explore this relationship, looking in particular at the meanings imbued in the locality of home. In addition, the role of natural landscapes and social components in constructing meanings and attachments to ekhayeni for Xhosa-speaking migrants in Cape Town townships, who have family linkages to rural villages in the Transkei, was also explored. The study found that the landscape of home remains central to migrants’ cultural identity, belonging and well-being. Childhood experiences in nature, and cultural and recreational activities that continue to take rural inhabitants into these landscapes, remain key to this relationship. The rural area, as a geographical entity embodied with social and cultural/spiritual components continued to supply and satisfy many human needs for migrants, which were seen as crucial for psychological, mental and spiritual well-being.

The thesis is concerned with the rural-urban interface. It questions and argues against the validity of what used to be called the rural-urban divide, and presents the rural-urban interface as a single social field. The research makes use of Daggafontein informal settlement in Gauteng, providing a general socio-economic overview of this settlement by discussing the ways in which people in this settlement make a living. Most of the people come from rural areas and the patterns of their association within the settlement reveal that they associate themselves with people from their own rural homes of origin. Movement between Daggafontein and rural areas show some level of commitment to home areas. Perceptions of the urban-rural interface by people of Daggafontein informal settlement show that these two areas are not necessarily separate from each other, but are part of the same continuum as socio-economic relations continue to straddle the rural and the urban. As people, perceptions and values move in both directions along the rural-urban interface, the classification of the informal settlement becomes highly ambiguous, because it contains both rural and urban elements.

Rural-urban migration appears to be an ongoing process in South Africa. This is attributed to various reasons. In itself, the process contributes towards an ongoing demand for services such as housing, water, sanitation and transportation systems. Rural – urban migration plays a key role in urbanization. The living conditions in rural areas appear to be the main contributing factors towards rural-urban migration. This indicates that the challenges facing rural communities include the creation of conducive environments within those communities. Hence, the issue of rural-urban migration should be addressed from the spatial and socio – economic perspectives. In an attempt to address human settlements needs, South Africa has a policy framework which supports the right to housing as it has been accorded to South African citizens by their Constitution. The objective is to ensure that there is adequate housing for South Africans. This study investigated and analysed the relationship between rural-urban migration and housing delivery in Clermont Township in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal. The participants included the residents of Clermont Township and the representatives of the eThekwini Municipality. Among others, the study found that rural-urban migration is an ongoing process which affects housing delivery in urban areas. As a result it continues to make the objective of ensuring that there is adequate housing for South Africans unattainable. Hence, attention should be paid to the effects of rural-urban migration in housing delivery.

of diploma thesis Title: Strangers at home - In Search of Indigenous Identity at the Suburbs of a Glocal Mexican City Student: Marie Heřmanová Tutor: Mgr. Radovan Haluzík The presented thesis is based on a fieldwork realized during five months in the city of San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas in south of Mexico and deals with different strategies through which are young Tzotziles and Tzeltales living in the new suburbs of the old colonial city constructing their identity. Main axes of the thesis are first the relationship of these young people to the native communities of their parents and second to the rich and turistic city centre. As a main ethnographic method I use participant observation and also the material culture studies ( the tesis focus mostly on identification through visage and consequently on the consitution of identity through styles and modes of dressing).

The Labour Intensive Public Work (LIPW) programme under the Ghana Social Opportunity Project (GSOP), is a social protection programme initiated by the Government of Ghana, to offer jobs and income earning opportunities to some targeted rural residents, especially the youth, through the application of labour intensive technology in the construction of community infrastructure that has the potential of generating secondary employment. This is a mixed method study sought to provide an account on the Ghanian version of LIPW programmes. The study assessed and identified the challenges facing the programme implementation from beneficiary and implementers’ perspective in order to set the platform for an interactive feedback between project implementers and community members for the smooth implementation of future LIPW programmes. The study also assessed the impact of the programme on poverty and migration among the youth in Ghana. In identifying the challenges facing the programme from implementers’ perspective, 15 key project implementers were interviewed. An interview guide and a questionnaire were also developed to collect data from 500 beneficiaries of the programme to know their challenges. In assessing the impact of the programme on migration among the youth, questionnaires were administered to 239 households in beneficiary communities and 189 households from non-beneficiary communities of the LIPW programme. Finally, data was collected from 90 youth who benefited from the programme and 90 youth who did not benefit from the programme to compare and determine the extent to which the programme has contributed in reducing poverty among the youth. The study revealed that the key challenge facing the programme implementation from the implementers’ perspective is capacity problem involving, inadequacy of staff to implement the programme at the district level, frequent breakdown of vehicles for monitoring, and delays in the release of funds for commencement of project. Beneficiaries of the programme also indicated that they were not satisfied with the amount of money they were receiving as wage for their labour. They were also unhappy with the delays in payment of their wages and the period of engagement in the programme. The study found out that the LIPW programme under the GSOP has not contributed in reducing migration among the youth. However, the programme has contributed to reducing poverty among the youth. The study therefore recommends that capacity gap analysis conducted before project initiation should include adequacy of staff and logistics to cater for any deficiency. It is strongly recommended that beneficiaries of the programme should be consulted in setting the wage rate to avoid resentment provoking misunderstanding between beneficiaries and project implementers. The study further recommended that the government should scale up the programme to cover more communities in order to reduce poverty among the youth in Ghana. Finally, the study proposed a new model for LIPW for the youth known as ‘LIPW +3Cs’. This model incorporates three Cs, that is ‘C’ompetence’, ‘C’onnections’ and ‘C’haracter’ into LIPW programmes. ‘LIPW +3Cs’ will not only train youth to secure jobs after the programme (Competence) but will assist them to establish a network among themselves and other supporting institutions (Connections). Issues of character which encompases a sense of right and wrong will also be inculcated in the youth to assist them to function effectively in the society (Character). / Adult Basic Education (ABET) / D. Phil. (Adult Education and Youth Development)

The study describes the formation and the establishment of the first urban congregation of the Berlin Mission in the Cape at the turn of the century. The establishment of the Cape Town Congregation was not a result of urban mission work but rather a result of the townward movement of rural coloured people who already belonged to the Berlin Mission Church. At first the mission headquarters in Berlin resisted an involvement in Cape Town, but the members there and the missionaries of the Cape Synod urged the Berl in Mission to accept the responsibility. Fol lowing the advice of the Moravian Mission the Berliners finally sent a missionary, and declared the congregation as a proper mission station on May 7, 1907. The study closes with the consecration of the church building in Searle Street in 1923 as a visible sign for the establishment of the Berlin Mission Church in Cape Town. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Die Zeit der Hochindustrialisierung veränderte das Gesicht der Städte in Europa und Nordamerika grundlegend. Ein hohes natürliches Bevölkerungswachstum, ausgeprägte Land-Stadt-Wanderungen gepaart mit einer intensiven baulichen Verdichtung nach innen und außen prägten das Geschehen. Das steigende Arbeitsplatzangebot in der Industrie und dem tertiären Sektor griff tief in die traditionellen Arbeits- und Lebenswelten des Einzelnen ein. Von den Veränderungen war Berlin als Hauptstadt des Deutschen Reiches und eines der wichtigsten Wirtschaftszentren im besonderen betroffen. Ein Stadtteil Berlins, der an der ehemaligen nördlichen Stadtgrenze gelegene Wedding, steht im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Dissertation. Dieser Stadtteil zeichnete sich durch eine besonders dynamische Entwicklung aus. Die noch vorhandenen großen Freiflächen wurden innerhalb weniger Jahre in Bauland verwandelt. Großbetriebe der Elektro- und Chemischen Industrie ließen sich im Wedding nieder und bestimmten in zunehmendem Maße den lokalen Arbeitsmarkt. Auf der Grundlage einer Auswertung der Kirchenbücher der lokalen Gemeinden mit insgesamt 95.623 erfaßte Personen konnte für das Untersuchungsgebiet im Zeitraum 1885-1914 der Nachweis erbracht werden, dass selbst innerhalb eines eng umrissenen Stadtgebietes erhebliche sozio-ökonomische und städtebauliche Gegensätze bestanden. Diese Gegensätze werden durch die Zahlen der amtlichen Statistik nur allzu leicht verdeckt, wirken aber in ihrer Konsequenz bis in die Gegenwart nach. Zahlreiche der aktuell zu beobachtenden Problemkomplexe - u.a. eine Arbeitslosenquote von weit über 20 Prozent, Gewerbebrachen und eine überdurchschnittlich starke Konzentration ausländischer Bevölkerungsgruppen - haben demnach ihren Ursprung bereits im Kaiserreich. / The era at the peak of industrialization fundamentally altered the appearance of cities in Europe and North America. A high level of natural population growth and extensive migration movements from rural to urban areas coupled with an intensive architectural expansion to the inside and outside characterized the events. The increasing number of employment opportunities in the industrial and tertiary sectors profoundly interfered with the people’s traditional working and living environments. These changes particularly affected Berlin as the capital city of the German Empire and as one of the most important commercial centers. The Wedding, a city district of Berlin located along the former northern city limit, is at the core of this dissertation. This district stood out through its especially dynamic development. The large undeveloped areas that still existed at the time were transformed into built-up areas within a few years’ time. Large-scale enterprises in the electronic and chemical industries settled down in the Wedding district and took an increasing influence on the local job market. On the basis of an evaluation of church records (from the local Wedding parishes) that altogether contain information on 95,623 people, this study of the time period from 1885 to 1914 demonstrates the existence of significant socio-economic and urban developmental contrasts recognizable even within a narrowly defined city area (such as the Wedding district). These contrasts are all too easily concealed by the numbers of official statistical data, yet their consequences continue to produce an after-effect, even in the presence. An unemployment rate of well above 20 percent, widespread unoccupied commercial infrastructure, and a significantly above-average concentration of foreign population groups is among numerous currently recognizable problem clusters that already originated in the time of the German Empire.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-05T12:40:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Deocleciana Ferreira.pdf: 23103983 bytes, checksum: 4fe8ee9bcb5c96640dce05e005e8e50c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T12:40:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deocleciana Ferreira.pdf: 23103983 bytes, checksum: 4fe8ee9bcb5c96640dce05e005e8e50c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study reconstructs the transformation of an area in the eastern periphery of São Paulo from rural settlement to urban neighborhood. Emblematically, the area carries the name of Fazenda da Juta (Juta Farm), after a crop widely found in the region at the beginning of the 20th century, until the coffee crisis of 1929. During this process of transformation – from an area initially settled by Italian migrants dedicated to fruit farming, and later by Brazilian migrants from the drought-ridden Northeast of the country – the workforce faced conditions of extreme poverty that would give rise to struggles on two fronts: individually for work, and collectively, with their family and neighbors, for the urbanization of the territory they occupied. This ethnographic and documentary study recaptures the lived spaces of this history and collects stories, testimonies and memories to reconstruct the political struggles of the Fazenda da Juta Movement, and their consequences, over four decades. The study primarily focuses on the period from 1960 to 1990, although it traces shifts in land ownership and development processes back to the nineteenth century. This reconstruction shows these struggles among a segment of the population to be a legitimate expression of democratic, popular strength capable of producing continual counter-hegemonic mobilization for access to land and housing. The occupiers of Fazenda da Juta are the protagonists of this story, who, besides building their own homes, organized collectively to demand the provision of urban and social infrastructure in their neighborhood. This study draws on documentary evidence and testimonies to show that a popular neighborhood in the metropolis of São Paulo was urbanized primarily as a result of processes of social mobilization, while the State failed to meet its obligations to provide adequate living conditions in the city’s popular settlements / Este estudo reconstrói a trajetória de um povoado rural para um assentamento populacional urbano situado no extremo leste da cidade de São Paulo que traz emblematicamente o nome de Fazenda da Juta, plantio que a caracteriza no início do século XX até pós-crise do café de1929, alcançando o final dos anos 30 (1938), ocorreu o processo de mutação, desde a propriedade rural ocupada, inicialmente por migrantes italianos dedicados a lavoura de frutas, e após, por migrantes brasileiros, chegados da seca do Nordeste, na condição de força de trabalho miserabilizada que inicia dupla frente de luta, a individual, pelo trabalho e, com sua família e vizinhos, pela urbanização do território ocupado. O estudo, de cortes etnográfico e documental resgata espaços de vivências, recolhe histórias, depoimentos, memórias que vão reconstruir disputas políticas travadas, e os resultados de lutas do Movimento da Fazenda da Juta durante quatro décadas de sua presença e ação. A intensidade do estudo se refere ao período de 1960 a 1990 embora para identificação da propriedade e destino da terra tenha retrocedido até o século XIX. Essa reconstrução de luta popular de resistência da classe trabalhadora se mostra como expressão legitima de força democrática e popular capaz de travar permanente disputa contra hegemônica para o acesso à terra e moradia. Os assentados na Fazenda da Juta são protagonistas que para além da casa de alvenaria, organizaram um coletivo de moradores que lutou e obteve a instalação da infraestrutura urbana e social. Este estudo reitera com provas documentais e depoimentos o quanto um bairro popular nesta metrópole de São Paulo tem sua urbanização resultante do processo de luta da própria população uma vez que o Estado é omisso e lerdo em prover condições adequadas de vida nos espaços da cidade sobretudo os de assentamento popular

This thesis attempts to identify what the barriers to building a trusted police service in China and India are through answering the questions: How has economic modernisation impacted upon policing? To what extent are the two police forces trusted by its citizens? Do the police carry out their duties in a fair and unbiased fashion? What do police corruption/malpractices look like and why does it persist? And what are the influencing factors in decision-making at the moments-of-truth? There is very limited research into the Chinese Police generally and even less on factors affecting organisational culture, practices, and decision making. There is no comparative study between the Chinese and Indian Police. This thesis found that the Chinese Police are held in higher esteem than the Indian Police by their respective citizenry. Both the Chinese and Indian police use stereotypes and are biased against certain section of society in the way they carry out their duties and that corruption and malpractices are tolerated and engrained in its culture but is subtler in China than in India. However, one surprised finding is that India is more at risk of the rule by man than China, even though India is said to be the world's largest democracy grounded on the principles of the rule of law.