Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Beatris Camila Duqueviz.pdf: 823155 bytes, checksum: ab9d25e3d2a0aa02267d0eb20c9bb64a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / A leitura abrangente da obra de Gilberto Freyre remete-nos ao tema da unidade de seu pensamento. A preocupa??o de Freyre tamb?m se apresenta no problema da organiza??o do Estado, no dinamismo de certos tra?os culturais de car?ter nacional-popular, da rela??o entre intelectuais e povo, entre dirigentes e dirigidos. Na sua vis?o culturalista da hist?ria, Freyre parece pensar os problemas que afetam o projeto de constru??o de um sistema de hegemonia da classe burguesa industrial e urbana no Brasil. Partimos do pressuposto segundo o qual a proposta de reforma social do projeto pol?tico de Gilberto Freyre, o desenvolvimento integrado como rurbaniza??o, o Estado e os intelectuais s?o conclamados a assumir a condu??o das mudan?as apresentadas como necess?rias, evitando-se assim os perigos decorrentes da mobiliza??o pol?tica popular. A transforma??o social seria entendida, dessa forma, como um ato administrativo, resultado de uma pol?tica racional, que conciliaria de forma pl?stica interesses de todas as classes, mas reservando a exclusividade do poder ?s m?os da elite brasileira. Esse processo de transforma??o social poderia ser compreendido no conceito de revolu??o conservadora.

<p> This study examines the problem of "rurbanization," which is a term that has been applied to the process by which rural areas are being changed by urban influences. This implies more than the traditional geographic concept of land-use change at the rural-urban fringe, but is concerned with bagic changes in the agricultural industry relating to appearance, land use, nengity and social structure.</p> <p> In rural Southern Ontario, there are two main phenomena occurring to effect these changes: the increage in part-time farming and in low-density residences. This study is concerned more specifically with an examination of these two phenomena. Its two main objectives are to gee how these two are interrelated and how they have affected agriculture and rural society. </p> <p> The study achieveg thege objectives through the use of a questionnaire admtnigtered to residents of Brantford township, a rural area with a thriving agricultural industry, but at the same time under considerable stress from urban pressures. Three types of residents were surveyed: full- time farmers, part-time farmers and non-farmers. The data collected was subjected to discriminant and cross-tabulation analyses in order to observe similarities and differences among the three groups . These similarities and differences allowed inferences concerning the acceptance or rejection of six postulated hypotheses. </p> <p> The following general conclusions result from the analysis: </p> <p> Part-time farmers and rural non-farmers are predominantly former urbanites who have migrated to rural areas. Both groups share similar occupations and have lived at the rural location for a similar length of time, but non-farmers tend to be older an to have been born and raised on a farm. However, there does exist a significant minority of part-time farmers who ere former full-time farmers. Both phenomena appear to be fairly permanent arrangements as the overwhelming majority of both groups wished to maintain their present status. </p> <p>Full-time farmers tend to have a larger size of holding than part-time farmers. Part-time farmers place less emphasis on livestock and tobacco as the predominant crop than do full-time farmers, and tend to place a greater emphasis upon corn and mixed grains as cash crops. The type and quality of land that is occupied and the attitude toward the preservation of agricultural land do not vary significantly by group. All three groups were strongly in favour of preservation of land for farming. The participation rates of part time and non farmers in the rural organizations of the township and in the urban organizations of nearby towns are not significantly different from those of full-time farmers. </p> <p> The study has confirmed some of the findings of other researchers and has in turn shed some new light on the "rurbanization" problem. Urban out-migration has been found to be the most important cause of the problem. Thus, the problem appears to be the result of a social phenomenon rather than a physical one, and the phenomena causing the problem appear to be persistent and permanent. It may also be noted that the choice of alternative, either part-time farming or non-farming residency, is somehow related to the age and location of birth and childhood of the urban out-migrant. Significantly, more part-time farmers were born in city and more non-farmers were born on a farm. It may be argued that is precisely opposite to the situation that might be expected. / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Dans le cadre de l’implantation de la compagnie d’eau et d’électricité Jirama, depuis 1978, plusieurs types de migration interne ont été pratiqués dans la commune rurale de Lohariandava, dans la région Atsinanana, sur le côte-est de Madagascar. Ces déplacements ont l’aspect transrégional du fait que ces migrants investissent sur deux ou sur plusieurs régions de la grande île pour les développer. Les résultats des enquêtes socioanthropologiques ont permis d’expliquer comment le transrégionalisme influe non seulement sur la vie économique mais aussi sur la vie éducative des enfants des migrants et des autochtones à Lohariandava. Les caractéristiques rurbaines de la zone d’études participent effectivement à la mise en place de toute sorte d’action de développement. La non-considération de la culture de chaque Acteur peut entraver à l’éradication des sentiments d’incompréhension et de la xénophobie. La théorie multirationnelle de Jean-Pierre Olivier De Sardan permettra de confronter et de considérer les différentes logiques de la présence de tous les Acteurs dans la zone migratoire, et elle propose des solutions pour aboutir à un seul but : le développement réel du pays. / As part of the implementation of the Jirama water and electricity company since 1978, several types of internal migration are practiced in the rural commune of Lohariandava in the Atsinanana region on the east coast of Madagascar. They have the transregional aspect of the fact that the migrants invest on two or more regions of the island’s hill to develop them. The results of the socio-anthropological surveys helped explain how transregionalism affects not only the economic life but also the educational life of the children of migrant and indigenous people in Lohariandava. The rurban characteristics of the study area participate in the implementation of all kids of development action. Each transmigrant is a development Actor. The non-consideration of the culture of each Actor can hamper the eradication of feelings of incomprehension and xenophobia. The multirational theory of Jean-Pierre Olivier De Sardan will make it possible to confront and consider the different logics of the presence of all Actors in the migratory zone and proposes solutions to achieve a single goal: the real development of the country.