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This thesis is an attempt to give a generative account of tense and aspect in Russian. Although the formal mechanism is that of a Chomskyon transformational generative grammar, the abstract structures postulated differ from the deep structures of the type proposed by Chomsky in Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965).

The thesis focuses on two major aspects. Firstly, it offers a discussion of the evolution of the notion of 'historicity' in the thought of various Russian thinkers and cultural historians with particular reference to the ideas of Berdiaev, Bakhtin and Likhachev. It also addresses the problem of the contribution made to the twentieth-century humanities by the 'Slavonic Renaissance' of the early part of the twentieth century. Secondly, the work examines various views on the issue of historical time and its perception and representation in artistic work, focusing primarily on the specificity of artistic time in the prose of Ivan Bunin. The discussion of this issue is based on four of Bunin's substantial works (The Shadow of the Bird, The Life of Arsen 'ev The Emancipation of Tolstoi and Dark Avenues), examining the problem of historical time from semantic and formal points of view. The analysis of the novel The Life of Arsen 'ev emerges as central to the whole discussion since it approaches the problem of the notion of 'path through life' and its significance both for an understanding of Bunin's work and in relation to the discursive practice of the 1920s and early 1930s in Russia. Moreover, for Bunin this category proves to be both a feature of artistic thinking and of generic significance, extending the boundaries of understanding and portrayal of historical time in its various aspects.

This thesis traces the influence of ‘the woman question’ on the life and writings of Aleksei Sergeevich Suvorin (1834–1912), an eminent journalist, publisher and editor of the newspaper Novoe vremia. My research is based on Suvorin’s previously unexamined contribution to public debate on this question and also includes an overview of his fictional work. The thesis represents a case study and brings to light material critical to Suvorin’s biography. This is important because Suvorin’s personal case exemplifies the difficulties which up-and-coming men of the intelligentsia encountered in responding to the rapid and drastic social changes to which they were exposed, and in particular to the redistribution of influence and authority between men and women. Based on documentary sources and in particular on new archival material the thesis analyses the extent to which Suvorin’s life was affected by his relationship with strong and domineering women and examines the impact of these biographical factors on his writings. This case study provides an important insight into the development of the Russian liberal idea commonly referred to as the ‘emancipation of women’. The thesis is organized into an Introduction followed by three chapters, a Conclusion, a Bibliography, and an Appendix. Developing my argument, I apply a chronological principle, dividing Suvorin’s life and works into three periods presented in chapters 1–3; these periods can be matched up in approximate terms with the three stages of the women’s movement in Russia. The first period starts in 1858 and ends in 1873, the turning point in Suvorin’s life and career; within this period the women’s movement in Russia had worked out its ideology and some tactical moves. The second period (1874–1890) covers Suvorin’s career successes and his concomitant midlife crisis; during this time, the women’s movement was also experiencing a crisis of its own. The third period (1891–1912) marks Suvorin’s personal decline against the rapid politicization of the Russian women’s movement. In the Conclusion section I develop an overview of the contribution which Suvorin made to the emergence of ‘public opinion’ in late Imperial Russia and I end by attempting a definition of his ideological position within the context of Russian liberal thought. The material analysed in the thesis makes it possible to place Suvorin amongst the so-called conservative liberals, at least as regards his views on the emancipation of women. The Appendix includes translations of the Russian quotes used in the main text of the thesis.

The Russian Orthodox community is a relatively small and little known group in Australian society, however, the history of the Russian presence in Australia goes back to 1809. As the Russian community includes a number of groups, both Christian and non-Christian, it would not be feasible to undertake a complete review of all aspects of the community and consequently, this work limits itself in scope to the Russian Orthodox community. The thesis broadly chronicles the development of the Russian community as it struggles to become a viable partner in Australia’s multicultural society. Many never before published documents have been researched and hitherto closed archives in Russia have been accessed. To facilitate this research the author travelled to Russia, the United States and a number of European centres to study the archives of pre-Soviet Russian communities. Furthermore, the archives and publications of the Australian and New Zealand Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church have been used extensively. The thesis notes the development of Australian-Russian relations as contacts with Imperial Russian naval and scientific ships visiting the colonies increase during the 1800’s and traces this relationship into the twentieth century. With the appearance of a Russian community in the nineteenth century, attempts were made to establish the Russian Orthodox Church on Australian soil. However, this did not eventuate until the arrival of a number of groups of Russian refugees after the Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War (1918-1922). As a consequence of Australia’s “Populate or Perish” policy following the Second World War, the numbers of Russian and other Orthodox Slavic displaced persons arriving in this country grew to such an extent that the Russian Church was able to establish a diocese in Australia, and later in New Zealand. The thesis then divides the history of the Russian Orthodox presence into chapters dealing with the administrative epochs of each of the ruling bishops. This has proven to be a suitable matrix for study as each period has its own distinct personalities and issues. The successes, tribulations and challengers of the Church in Australia are chronicled up to the end of the twentieth century. However, a further chapter deals with the issue of the Church’s prospects in Australia and its relevance to future generations of Russian Orthodox people. As the history of the Russians in this country has received little attention in the past, this work gives a broad spectrum of the issues, people and events associated with the Russian community and society at large, whilst opening up new opportunities for further research.

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