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KINETIC AND STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF POTENT, SMALL-MOLECULE PROTEASE INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENTS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE, TYPE II DIABETES, AND COVID-19Emma K Lendy (11797643) 19 December 2021 (has links)
This work details the inhibition of BACE1, BACE2, and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro
through several novel and potent protease inhibitors. Nanomolar potency of BACE1 and BACE2
is achieved with all tested inhibitors, and the S2 subsite has been identified as a BACE2 selectivity
determinant. This is supported by the observation that the novel BACE2 mutant, BACE2 L246N,
displays increased potency and selectivity over BACE1 against this peptidomimetic scaffold.
Nanomolar to micromolar potency of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro is achieved with the compounds
tested in this study. Kinetic data illustrates the allowed substitutions at the P1’, P1, P2, and P4
positions on two scaffolds: ML188 and GC376. Finally, this work presents the high-resolution
crystal structures of four inhibitors bound to BACE1 and 12 inhibitors bound to SARS-CoV-2
3CLpro. These structural data help to explain the selectivity determinants of BACE1 and BACE2
and further enable structure-based drug design against these two enzymes for the treatments of Alzheimer's Disease and Type II Diabetes, respectively. Additionally, these structural data illustrate the flexibility of the GC376
scaffold at the P3/P4 position, providing a structural rationale for the observed differences in
potency across the different analogs. These structural data further enable structure-based drug
design against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease InhibitorsElfström, Mia January 2021 (has links)
Coronaviruses have been responsible for several global disease outbreaks over the last 20 years, including the “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome” in 2002/2003, the “Middle East Respiratory Syndrome” in 2012, and the “Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID19)”. These viruses are highly contagious and can cause multiple medical disorders upon contraction, such as common cold or lower respiratory infections. SARS-CoV-2, the newly emerged coronavirus variant of 2019, has been confirmed as the cause of the ongoing COVID19 pandemic, which infected over 167 million people worldwide and, by the end of May 2021, has a death toll of over 3 million people. Even though several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have made it to the market, no proven options have yet been discovered for treating COVID19 infections. The aim of this project is, therefore, to improve the potency of two active SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors (ML188 and X77) by performing a structure-activity-relationship study where two specific sites of the inhibitors are altered. The inhibition activity of these compounds is then tested on isolated SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The four-component Ugi reaction was utilized to synthesize the ML188 and X77 analogs, which were purified by column chromatography before testing. During this project, six pure analogs were successfully synthesized and will be sent shortly for testing. Inhibitors with good activity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro will be further tested for their antiviral activity in cell-based infection assays. The results obtained from this study will later be used to perform a second structure-activity-relationship study to further improve the potency of the two inhibitors by developing a 2nd generation library.
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Användning av e-hälsa under SARS-CoV-2 : En enkätstudie om distriktssköterskans upplevelseSvanberg, Linus, Westberg, Alexander January 2020 (has links)
Användandet av e-hälsa har ökat både nationellt och internationellt de senaste åren. Under SARS-CoV-2-pandemin har nyttjandet i Sverige varit explosionsartat, då icke-fysiska möten minimerar risken för smittspridning. Tidigare forskning visar att e-hälsa har positiva effekter, men ses också som ett hot av distriktssköterskor. Studien belyser därför distriktssköterskans upplevelse av arbetet med e-hälsa under den pågående pandemin och är en kvantitativ enkätstudie med induktiv ansats. Deltagarna rekryterades med hjälp av bekvämlighetsurval och begränsades till legitimerade sjuksköterskor och specialistsjuksköterskor inom primärvården. Den totala svarsfrekvensen var 48 %. Analysen av enkäterna genomfördes med hjälp av IBM SPSS Statistics. De analyser som utfördes var Spearmans rangkorrelation och Kruskal-Wallis icke-parametriska test. Resultatet visade att det fanns en brist i utbildning kring e-hälsa hos informanterna. E-hälsotjänsterna var inte användarvänliga och de var tidskrävande för informanterna. Tid avsattes inte heller för arbetet med e-hälsa på arbetsplatserna. Det fanns potential för minskad smittspridning av SARS-CoV-2 genom arbetet med e-hälsa förutsatt att den vård som gavs genom e-hälsa var av god kvalitet. Ytterligare studier bör genomföras för att få en djupare förståelse för vad som kan och bör förbättras med e-hälsotjänsterna.
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Variantes del SARS-CoV-2: epidemiología, fisiopatología y la importancia de las vacunas / SARS-COV-2 variants: epidemiology, pathophysiology and the importance of vaccinesBedoya-Sommerkamp, Marcelo, Medina-Ranilla, Jesús, Chau-Rodríguez, Víctor, Li-Soldevilla, Renato, Vera-Albújar, Álvaro, García, Patricia J. 13 October 2021 (has links)
El SARS-CoV-2 es un virus ARN monocatenario de la familia de los coronavirus, causante de la COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). Este virus es responsable de la pandemia actual que, desde su aparición a finales de 2019, ha provocado la muerte de millones de personas y ha tenido un impacto global no solo a nivel sanitario sino también económico y social. Por ello, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo revisar la información más actualizada sobre el SARS-CoV-2, empezando por describir los mecanismos de transmisión del virus, su fisiopatología y filogenética. Asimismo, presentará a las variantes emergentes del SARS-CoV-2, su relevancia para la salud pública local y global, su epidemiología en Perú, y finalmente, el rol y la importancia de las vacunas en este contexto. / SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus of the coronavirus family, which causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). This virus is responsible for the current pandemic, which, since its emergence in late 2019, has caused millions of deaths and has had a global impact not only on public health but also on social and economic areas. Therefore, this article aims to review the most up-to-date information on SARS-CoV-2, beginning with the description of the pathophysiology and phylogenetics of the virus. Also, we will present the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, their relevance for local and global public health, their epidemiology in Peru, and finally, the role and importance of vaccines in this context.
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Tratamiento con Tocilizumab en COVID-19 crítico: Reporte de un centro hospitalario [Breve] / Tocilizumab treatment in critical COVID-19: Report from a hospital centerHueda Zavaleta, Miguel, Bardales Silva, Fabrizzio, Copaja Corzo, Cesar, Flores Palacios, Rodrigo, Barreto Rocchetti, Luis, Córdova Tejada, Eyner 19 August 2021 (has links)
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el que se evaluaron las características clínicas y laboratoriales en la evolución de pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) secundario a infección por SARS-CoV-2 y que recibieron Tocilizumab. Veinticuatro pacientes recibieron Tocilizumab, la mayoría eran varones (95,8 %), la comorbilidad más frecuente fue obesidad (33,3 %), al momento de recibir Tocilizumab la mediana de PaO2/FiO2 fue 159,5 (RIC 114,5-255,3). Veintiún (87,5 %) pacientes presentaron mejoría clínica y 3 (12,5 %) fallecieron. Quince pacientes (62,5 %) desarrollaron hepatotoxicidad, la mayoría de grado 3 (33,3 %) y tres (12,5 %) pacientes presentaron injuria hepática grado 4. Once pacientes (45,8 %) presentaron sobreinfección bacteriana, siendo el germen más frecuente Acinetobacter baumannii. Luego de la administración de Tocilizumab más de la mitad de los pacientes presentó una reacción adversa, a pesar de ello la mortalidad fue baja y la mayoría tuvo una mejora clínica. / A descriptive study was carried out, in which clinical and laboratory characteristics were evaluated in patients with a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection and who received Tocilizumab. Twentyfour patients received Tocilizumab, the majority were male (95.8%), the most frequent comorbidity was obesity (33.3%). At the time of receiving Tocilizumab the median PAO2 / FiO2 was 159.5 (IQR 114.5-255, 3). Twenty-one (87.5%) patients presented clinical improvement and 3 (12.5%) died. Fifteen patients (62.5%) developed hepatotoxicity, the majority grade 3 (33.3%) and three (12.5%) patients presented grade 4 liver injury. Eleven patients (45.8%) presented bacterial superinfection, the more common organism being Acinetobacter baumannii. After the administration of Tocilizumab, more than half of the patients presented an adverse reaction; despite this, mortality was low, and the majority had a clinical improvement.
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Fysioterapeutstudenters fysisk aktivtet under coronapandemin : En kvalitativ intervjustudieSjölander, Oskar, Sjöberg, Daniel January 2021 (has links)
Covid-19-pandemin har lett till en rad restriktioner vilka påverkar livsstilsval för studenter. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka erfarenheter av fysisk aktivitet och dess betydelse för välmående hos fysioterapeutstudenter under den rådande pandemin. Fem intervjuer genomfördes med redan fysiskt aktiva fysioterapeutstudenter i åldrarna 23-31. Intervjuerna transkriberades och relevanta meningsenheter plockades ut. Kodning genomfördes med hjälp av Open Code och kategorier med tillhörande subkategorier formades slutligen vilket mynnade ut i ett tema. Temat Livet känns tomt och träning fyller tomheten beskriver hur fysisk aktivitet hade flera effekter både på fysisk- och psykisk hälsa samt en social aspekt där studenterna fick möjlighet att värdera hur den sociala vardagen kändes innan pandemin bröt ut. Hemisolering ledde till att dagar kändes monotona där träning kunde användas som ett verktyg för att bryta bristen på variation. Det kom dock fram att det fanns ett inre etiskt dilemma bland deltagarna när det gäller träning på gymmet. I ena änden det personliga motivet till hälsofrämjande, i kontrast till det allmänna perspektivet att minska spridningen av viruset. Resultaten indikerar vikten av att vara kreativa med träning under en global pandemi, men också förstå de viktiga effekterna av fysisk aktivitet.
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Boletín diario de información científica N° 2Asociación Peruana de Bibliotecas Académicas ALTAMIRA 17 April 2020 (has links)
Boletín que incluye información científica sobre el COVID-19, incluye artículos científicos, noticias científicas y artículos preprint actualizado al 17 de Abril de 2020.
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Boletín diario de información científica N° 3Asociación Peruana de Bibliotecas Académicas ALTAMIRA 20 April 2020 (has links)
Boletín que incluye información científica sobre el COVID-19, incluye artículos científicos, artículos en preprint y revisiones sistemáticas actualizado al 20 de Abril de 2020.
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Boletín diario de información científica N° 4Asociación Peruana de Bibliotecas Académicas ALTAMIRA 04 1900 (has links)
Boletín que incluye información científica sobre el COVID-19, incluye artículos científicos, revisiones sistemáticas y noticias de revistas cientpificas actualizado al 21 de Abril de 2020.
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Boletín diario de información científica N° 39Asociación Peruana de Bibliotecas Académicas ALTAMIRA 10 June 2020 (has links)
Boletín que incluye información científica sobre el COVID-19, incluye artículos científicos y artículos preprint actualizados al 10 de Junio de 2020.
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