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Since the early 1970's, fuel consumption in the transportation sector has been one of the major issues facing planners trying to conserve energy. Generally, fuel consumption is influenced directly by the number of vehicles, the distance travelled, the operating speed and the overall population of city. Traffic engineers spent a great deal of time solving such a problem sometimes by introducing the concept of traffic management, the different actions and strategies that reduce the fuel consumption and some other times by estimating the energy saving to evaluate the effectiveness of these actions. Despite best efforts, energy savings estimation have shown wide fluctuations. This study provides a preliminary Investigation of the impact of city size, in the medium range, on potential energy savings accrued due to implementation of Transportation Energy Management Measures (TEMM's). The data sources used includes the energy savings for each of five city size groups, subjected to 23 TEMM's. These data were rearranged and regressed over city size by using the CURFIT technique. Formulae were derived for each of the TEMM's. For the purpose of verification, the Community Benefits Analysis program (CBA) was applied to test some of the obtained results. It is thus concluded that the resulting energy savings, using the regressed equations provide a reasonable way to predict potential benefits across the medium range of city sizes. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

In this paper, a model to estimate personal savings is constructed using an estimate of permanent income. Traditional approaches to studying aggregate personal savings depend on many independent variables that serve as the determinants of personal saving. Because some of the determinants used in such approaches can be difficult to obtain, estimating aggregate saving in this manner can be time-consuming and arduous. Using an estimate of permanent income based on Friedman's Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH), this paper creates a model to estimate personal savings and tests the model by examining the Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) that is derived from it. Permanent income was estimated using a two-stage least squares (2SLS) method and aggregate personal savings is estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS). The empirical evidence reveals that savings estimates and marginal propensities to save are consistent with results obtained studies using conventional approaches except during periods in which a wealth effect occurs. During such periods, additional variables need to be added to the model to account for a wealth effect. This analysis therefore serves to further validate the PIH and shows that it can be applied to studying household savings as well as consumption. / Master of Arts

M.S.

The problems of this study may be stated as follows: (1) to show the various methods used by Virginia savings and loan associations in handling their delinquent accounts, (2) to determine by research their major advantages and disadvantages, and (3) to determine which methods or procedures would serve the best interests of the associations and their customers. Information concerning the current procedures and conditions were supplied by thirty (30) savings and loan officers, who answered questionnaires mailed to them. These replies represented over 50 per cent of the associations currently doing business in Virginia. In addition, selected representative associations were visited and operating personnel interviewed. The conclusions which were reached as a result of the analysis of the accumulated information have been stated. The study shows that procedures followed by the different savings and loan associations vary to a considerable extent and that innovation in management techniques would benefit many of these organizations. / Master of Science

Yes / The NHS will need to make real term cost savings whilst maintaining and, where possible, enhancing the quality of essential services. The require-ment for efficiency savings to enable reinvestment in quality is estimated to be up to £21.1 billion by 2014 (Department of Health, 2010; Appleby, 2009.). This requires the NHS to increase productivity by 6 percent per annum (Appleby, 2010) while the Office of National Statistics estimates that productivity1 actually fell by approximately 0.3 percent per annum over the period 1995-2008 (ONS, 2010). Productivity is highly variable within the NHS and even within trusts (NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement, 2004). Given these pressures, the productivity of healthcare organiza-tions is an incredibly salient topic; lean management is a particular pertinent and topical issue.