Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DesencantamentodasCiencias.pdf: 4773749 bytes, checksum: 4a8e1445df4dd12960511a747f7e42ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In this Thesis we work as it s gave the institutionalization of the scientific production in Brazil. We undertake analyses on the actions of the SBPC and the scientists who spoke in its name in order to point out the existence, already since its foundation, of behavior of transnational character, consolidated in the priority of the absolute externalidade of science in relation to the nationalities. In addition, we explore diverse relations of affinity between the system of production of scientific and technoscientific knowledge, the cinema and the behavior in the way of capitalist production. The moment in which if starts according to consolidate the system of production of knowledge in Brazil restrictions and demands, imposed for the resource to the justification of the contribution for the construction of the State nation, is the same which the technoscientific production does not start to disclose to its preferences for a transnational system of exchange and elaboration of knowledge. We approach the paper of the cinema as vehicle of essential symbolic and incorporeal subjects to the development of the global technoscience. We choose the cinema in reason of its transversal and potential character to transdisciplinar, implicit to the continuous transit of the symbolic goods. We approach the stereotypes of the scientists how much to the malleability and easiness of it appropriation on the part of the technoscientific complex, without that they seem to be of fact manipulated by the scientists and technoscientists. Finally, we argue as the eugenics renews if in an environment aseptic politician, which Nazism or seems to be "only history" or revive in the stereotypes behaviors of young neo-Nazis expressing racism exceeded and soil; we also argue on the necessity and the possibility democratically to institute if imposing limits to the technoscientifics developments. / Nesta Tese trabalhamos como seu deu a institucionalização da produção científica no Brasil. Empreendemos análises sobre as ações da SBPC e dos cientistas que falavam em seu nome de modo a salientar a existência, já desde a sua fundação, de comportamento de caráter transnacional, consubstanciado na primazia da externalidade absoluta da ciência em relação às nacionalidades. Também exploramos diversas relações de afinidade entre o sistema de produção de conhecimento científico e tecnocientífico, o cinema e o comportamento do modo de produção capitalista. O momento no qual se começa a consolidar o sistema de produção de conhecimento no Brasil, segundo as restrições e demandas impostas pelo recurso à justificativa da colaboração para a construção do Estado nação, é o mesmo no qual a produção tecnocientífica começa a revelar suas preferências por um sistema transnacionalizado de troca e elaboração de conhecimento. Abordamos o papel do cinema como veículo de temas simbólicos e imateriais imprescindíveis ao desenvolvimento da tecnociência globalizada. Escolhemos o cinema em razão de seu caráter transversal e potencial transdisciplinar, implícitos ao trânsito contínuo dos bens simbólicos. Abordamos os estereótipos dos cientistas quanto à sua maleabilidade e facilidade de apropriação por parte do complexo tecnocientífico, sem que eles pareçam ser de fato manipulados pelos cientistas e tecnocientistas. Por último, discutimos como a eugenia renova-se em um ambiente político asséptico, no qual o nazismo ou parece ser apenas história ou revive nos comportamentos estereotípicos de jovens neonazistas expressando um racismo chão e ultrapassado; discutimos também sobre a necessidade e a possibilidade de instituírem-se democraticamente limites impositivos aos desenvolvimentos tecnocientíficos.

Graph cuts have emerged as an important combinatorial optimization tool for many problems in vision. Most of the computer vision problems are discrete labeling problems. For example, in stereopsis, labels represent disparity and in image restoration, labels correspond to image intensities. Finding a good labeling involves optimization of an Energy Function. In computer vision, energy functions for discrete labeling problems can be elegantly formulated through Markov Random Field (MRF) based modeling and graph cut algorithms have been found to efficiently optimize wide class of such energy functions. The main contribution of this thesis lies in developing an efficient combinatorial optimization algorithm which can be applied to a wide class of energy functions. Generally, graph cut algorithms deal sequentially with each label in the labeling problem at hand. The time complexity of these algorithms increases linearly with number of labels. Our algorithm, finds a solution/labeling in logarithmic time complexity without compromising on quality of solution. In our work, we present an improved Logcut algorithm [24]. Logcut algorithm [24] deals with finding individual bit values in integer representation of labels. It has logarithmic time complexity, but requires training over data set. Our improved Logcut (Heuristic-Logcut or H-Logcut) algorithm eliminates the need for training and obtains comparable results in respect to original Logcut algorithm. Original Logcut algorithm cannot be initialized by a known labeling. We present a new algorithm, Sequential Bit Plane Correction (SBPC) which overcomes this drawback of Logcut algorithm. SBPC algorithm starts from a known labeling and individually corrects each bit of a label. This algorithm too has logarithmic time complexity. SBPC in combination with H-Logcut algorithm, further improves rate of convergence and quality of results. Finally, a hierarchical approach to graph cut optimization is used to further improve on rate of convergence of our algorithm. Generally, in a hierarchical approach first, a solution at coarser level is computed and then its result is used to initialize algorithm at a finer level. Here we have presented a novel way of initializing the algorithm at finer level through fusion move [25]. The SBPC and H-Logcut algorithms are extended to accommodate for hierarchical approach. It is found that this approach drastically improves the rate of convergence and attains a very low energy labeling. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated on stereopsis. It is found that the algorithm significantly out performs all existing algorithms in terms of quality of solution as well as rate of convergence.