A new approach for the fine tuning of flexibility in MOFs, involving functionalization of the secondary building unit, is presented. The "gate pressure" MOF [Zn3(bpydc)2(HCOO)2] was used as a model material and SBU functionalization was performed by using monocarboxylic acids such as acetic, benzoic or cinnamic acids instead of formic acid in the synthesis. The resulting materials are isomorphous to [Zn3(bpydc)2(HCOO)2] in the "as made" form, but show different structural dynamics during the guest removal. The activated materials have entirely different properties in the nitrogen physisorption experiments clearly showing the tunability of the gate pressure, at which the structural transformation occurs, by using monocarboxylic acids with varying backbone structure in the synthesis. Thus, increasing the number of carbon atoms in the backbone leads to the decreasing gate pressure required to initiate the structural transition. Moreover, in situ adsorption/PXRD data suggest differences in the mechanism of the structural transformations: from "gate opening" in the case of formic acid to "breathing" if benzoic acid is used.

A new approach for the fine tuning of flexibility in MOFs, involving functionalization of the secondary building unit, is presented. The 'gate pressure' MOF [Zn3(bpydc)2(HCOO)2] was used as a model material and SBU functionalization was performed by using monocarboxylic acids such as acetic, benzoic or cinnamic acids instead of formic acid in the synthesis. The resulting materials are isomorphous to [Zn3(bpydc)2(HCOO)2] in the 'as made' form, but show different structural dynamics during the guest removal. The activated materials have entirely different properties in the nitrogen physisorption experiments clearly showing the tunability of the gate pressure, at which the structural transformation occurs, by using monocarboxylic acids with varying backbone structure in the synthesis. Thus, increasing the number of carbon atoms in the backbone leads to the decreasing gate pressure required to initiate the structural transition. Moreover, in situ adsorption/PXRD data suggest differences in the mechanism of the structural transformations: from 'gate opening' in the case of formic acid to 'breathing' if benzoic acid is used.

Supramolecular synthesis has gained much attention in recent years. Such an approach to synthesis represents an attractive alternative to traditional, multi-step synthesis, especially for making complex, nanoscopic structures. Of particular interest, in the context of this work, is the use of metal-organic interactions to direct the self-assembly of nanoscopic architectures. These interactions are highly directional, relatively "strong" (compared to other supramolecular interactions) and kinetically labile, which allows for "self-correction" and in turn the production, often in high yield, of defect-free products. This also means that a number of related, yet structurally diverse products (supramolecular isomers) could be isolated. The work presented herein demonstrates the supramolecular synthesis of related, yet structurally diverse family of metal-organic nanoscale supramolecular architectures that are based on the ubiquitous paddle-wheel dimetal tetracarboxylate secondary building unit (SBU) and angular dicarboxylate ligands. It also demonstrates that the SBU self-assembles into clusters of four (tetragonal) and three (trigonal) nanoscale secondary building units (nSBU), which further self-assemble into nanoscale structures that include discrete (0D) faceted polyhedra, tetragonal 2D sheets and another 2D sheet that conforms to the so-called Kagom lattice. In addition, the work herein demonstrates that synthesis under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions facilitates "self-correction" so that the most stable thermodynamic product is obtained. Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure analysis of these structures is presented herein.

<p>Resultat: Vi framhåller att den teoretiska spänningen mellan reaktionssnabbhet och synergi som uppstår när decentraliserade organisationer fokuserar på kärnkompetensbaserad strategi till viss del kan hanteras av ledningen genom ett adekvat agerande. </p><p>För att skapa synergier krävs centralisering. Då strategisk beslutsrätt är en nyckelfaktor för reaktionssnabbhet kan och bör den inte fråntas SBU:s. Vår slutsats är att om en decentraliserad organisation centraliserar den operativa beslutsrätten istället för den strategiska, bör den kunna öka både reaktionssnabbheten och synergierna i företaget som helhet. Centralisering av företagets operativa delar minimerar den initialt negativa effekten på reaktionssnabbhet som centraliseringen medför. Vi har funnit att den bästa ledningsroll som kan antas i utvecklings- och spridningsprocessen av kärnkompetens är att påtvinga ett bästa utförande. Med detta menas att utvecklingen av kompetenser bör hanteras inom SBU:s, medan spridningen och institutionaliseringen sköts centralt. Detta underlättar synergiskapandet genom att använda de historiskt starka vertikala kommunikationskanalerna, vilket kortar återhämtningstiden av den ovan nämnda initiala minskningen i reaktionssnabbhet. </p><p>Med en väl balanserad kombination av dessa förslag för hantering av spänningen mellan kärnkompetensbaserad strategi och decentraliserade organisationer torde företag kunna öka sin långsiktiga konkurrenskraft samt skapa en förbättrad metod för hantering av spänningen.</p>

Resultat: Vi framhåller att den teoretiska spänningen mellan reaktionssnabbhet och synergi som uppstår när decentraliserade organisationer fokuserar på kärnkompetensbaserad strategi till viss del kan hanteras av ledningen genom ett adekvat agerande. För att skapa synergier krävs centralisering. Då strategisk beslutsrätt är en nyckelfaktor för reaktionssnabbhet kan och bör den inte fråntas SBU:s. Vår slutsats är att om en decentraliserad organisation centraliserar den operativa beslutsrätten istället för den strategiska, bör den kunna öka både reaktionssnabbheten och synergierna i företaget som helhet. Centralisering av företagets operativa delar minimerar den initialt negativa effekten på reaktionssnabbhet som centraliseringen medför. Vi har funnit att den bästa ledningsroll som kan antas i utvecklings- och spridningsprocessen av kärnkompetens är att påtvinga ett bästa utförande. Med detta menas att utvecklingen av kompetenser bör hanteras inom SBU:s, medan spridningen och institutionaliseringen sköts centralt. Detta underlättar synergiskapandet genom att använda de historiskt starka vertikala kommunikationskanalerna, vilket kortar återhämtningstiden av den ovan nämnda initiala minskningen i reaktionssnabbhet. Med en väl balanserad kombination av dessa förslag för hantering av spänningen mellan kärnkompetensbaserad strategi och decentraliserade organisationer torde företag kunna öka sin långsiktiga konkurrenskraft samt skapa en förbättrad metod för hantering av spänningen.

One of the greatest challenges facing the nuclear power industry is the final disposition of nuclear waste. To meet the needs of the nuclear power industry, a new fuel assembly design, called DUPLEX, has been developed which provides higher fuel burnups, burns transuranic waste while reducing minor actinides, reduces the long term radiotoxicity of spent nuclear fuel, and was developed for use in current light water reactors. The DUPLEX design considered in this thesis is based on a seed and blanket unit (SBU) configuration, where the seed region contains standard UO2 fuel, and the blanket region contains an inert matrix (Pu,Np,Am)O2-MgO-ZrO2 fuel. The research efforts of this thesis are first to consider the higher burnup effects on DUPLEX assembly thermal-hydraulic performance and thermal safety margin over the assembly’s expected operational lifetime. In order to accomplish this, an existing burnup-dependent thermal-hydraulic methodology for conventional homogeneous fuel assemblies has been updated to meet the modeling needs specific to SBU-type assemblies. The developed framework dramatically expands the capabilities of the latest thermal-hydraulic evaluation framework such that the most promising and unique DUPLEX fuel design can be evaluated. As part of this updated methodology, the posed DUPLEX design is evaluated with respect to the minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio, peak fuel temperatures for both regions, and the peak cladding temperatures, under ANS Condition I, II, and III transient events with the thermal-hydraulic code VIPRE-01. Due to difficulty in the fabrication and handling of minor actinide dioxides, documented thermal conductivity values for the considered IMF design are unavailable. In order to develop a representative thermal conductivity model for use in VIPRE-01, an extensive literature survey on the thermal conductivity of (Pu,Np,Am)O2-MgO-ZrO2 component materials and a comprehensive review of combinatory models was performed. Using the updated methodology, VIPRE-01 is used to perform steady-state and transient thermal hydraulic analyses for the DUPLEX fuel assembly. During loss-of-flow accident scenarios, the DUPLEX design is shown to meet imposed safety criteria. However, using the most conservative thermal conductivity modeling approach for (Pu,Np,Am)O2-MgO-ZrO2, the blanket region fuel temperatures remain only slightly below the design limit.

ORMOCERR®s are organic-inorganic hybrid polymers. Since their material properties can be tailored precisely during synthesis, they are suitable for a wide range of applications in dielectric and optical microelectronics. This thesis reports on process development of ORMOCERR®s for Sequentially Build-Up (SBU) test vehicles, suitable for both electrical and optical interconnect. Furthermore, this work includes materials characterization, such as refractive index studies (system B59:V32), optical loss measurements (systems B59:V32 and B59:B66), and surface characterization through contact angle measurement and surface energy estimation (systems B59:V32 and B59:B66). Process development for a high-frequency test vehicle was performed applying a newly developed dielectric material of the ORMOCER® class. Dielectric layers in a total thickness of 80 μm were build-up on a common FR4 substrate, applying photolithographic processes and moderate process temperatures of below 433 K. The loss tangent and the permittivity of the material were measured to be 0.024 (loss tangent) and 3.05 (permittivity) over the entire frequency range 10 GHz to 40 GHz. The compatibility of the material to standard processes of the PCB industry was proven. Furthermore, a possibility for cost reduction in high-frequency MCM applications was shown, through the possibility of using low-cost substrates. The concept of a “flexible manufacture approach” for large-area panel optical backplane interconnects was introduced. Here, a 101.6 mm x 101.6 mm photolithographic mask is to be stepped-out over a large-area panel substrate (up to 609.6 mm x 609.6 mm). The goal is to be able to create a large amount of continuous and unique waveguide patterns over the whole area with a small portfolio of masks, thus being able to minimize excess costs. In practice continuous waveguide patterns were created over an area of 204.8 mm x 204.8 mm on a large-are panel (609.6 mm x 609.6 mm), using a large-are mask aligner and a 101.6 mm x 101.6 mm waveguide mask. The optical loss of the waveguides was measured to be 0.6 dB/cm (B59:V32 material system, λ =850 nm). In connection to the large-area panel project a re-evaluation on the optical power budget needed for high bit rate optical interconnects was performed. This work was mainly based on literature surveys of optical waveguide materials, planar optical amplifiers, light coupling structures, and planar light-routing structures. It was shown that optical amplification is necessary at certain places on realistically routed optical backplanes to boost the optical signal. Therefore, the concept of a flip-chip mountable optical amplifier (FOWA) device, based on planar optical waveguide amplifiers and Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers, was developed. The device’s design allows an independent manufacturing to the rest of the board and a mounting at key-positions using standard pick and place technology. Additionally, it was observed that most of the amplifier research is focused on the wavelength of 1310 nm and 1550 nm, whereas optical backplane applications are targeting the 830 nm range. During SBU processing of waveguide structures was discovered a de-wetting phenomenon of B59 resin on a cured B59:B66 and B59:V32 surface, respectively. Good wetting behavior could be achieved by adding small amounts of B66 or V32, respectively, to the B59. Surface tension estimations on various compositions of the systems B59:B66 and B59:V32 could not directly be correlated to the de-wetting phenomenon. Furthermore, the optical loss properties of B59 were only affected to a minor degree by adding B66 or V32. The process route proposed is an efficient alternative to processes including surface activations steps, thus opening possibilities for large-area processing in PCB industry, where surface activation steps, such as plasma activation or silanization, are not available. The process development, materials characterization, and reviews presented provide a basis for further research on processes for high-performance electro/optical backplane interconnects with focus on Large-Area Panel processing.

Vi har gjort vårt kandidatarbete på en webbyrå i Stockholm som heter Boman Communication. Där har vi gjort en databasdriven webbplats i flash och asp. Webbplatsen är ett komplement till en kurs som heter EBM. Kursen EBM hålls av myndigheten SBU som i sin tur är en kund till Boman. Målgruppen för EBM och därmed också webbplatsens målgrupp är bland annat professorer och läkare inom medicin och vård. På kursen tar man upp riktlinjer för hur man botar olika sjukdomar eller skador. Webbplatsen innehåller information om och till kursen. Den är uppdelad i tre delar: Allmän, Före kursen och Efter kursen. Den allmänna delen är till för att väcka ett intresse för kursen hos besökaren. Denna del kommer alla åt. De två övriga delarna kräver inloggning och är bara till för dem som anmält sig på kursen. Inloggningen är datumstyrd vilket innebär att när kursen inte har varit ännu kommer man till delen före kursen och när kursen har varit kommer man till delen efter kursen. Före kursen hittar man information på webbplatsen som man bör ta del av för att förereda sig till kursen, man kan även finna information om föreläsarna och övriga kursdeltagare. Efter kursen är webbplatsen uppdaterad med en sida för dokumentation som föreläsarna har rekommenderat, här finns även en utvärdering som kursdeltagarna uppmanas att fylla i. Vi har framförallt använt oss av programmen Macromedia Flash MX 2004 och Macromedia Dreamweaver MX 2004 men även program som Adobe Photoshop CS, Adobe Illustrator CS. / Detta är en reflektionsdel till en digital medieproduktion.

The goal of this thesis is to define the competitive advantages of a strategic business unit (SBU) that is within the organization structure of the University of Economics, Prague (VŠE). The Central and East European Studies Program (CESP) operates as an SBU within VŠE. This is a one-semester paid program that is part of the of foreign language programs at the university. The program's advantages were defined on the basis of a survey of CESP's competition on the market for free movers in the Czech Republic, a SWOT analysis, and the evaluation of a survey of CESP's students. In the future, CESP should be promoted with a focus on these advantages and the program should be further developed accordingly so as to attract new students to VŠE.

The main subject of this thesis is creating a proposal of business strategy of SBU. The work includes theoretical knowledge related to the issue of the proposal of business strategy and strategic analysis of the current state of SBU. The outcomes of the thesis are the processing and evaulation of the real proposal of business strategy, which will be the basis for subsequent implementation.