This thesis deals with optimalization of flexible polyurethane foam recycling with using of natural polyols based on rape seed oil and fish oil and it explores applications of depolymerized polyol product by formulations of new polyurethane materials. The experiments of depolymerisation showed that both tested natural oil (rape seed oil and fish oil) can be used as effective reagents for polyurethane recycling. Reaction conditions of depolymerisation were optimised with model flexible polyurethane foam and applied on waste foam from real conditions. Gain of depolymerisation is one-faze low viscosity (to 1500 mPa.s) liquid polyol products with content of hydroxyl groups ca 3 mmol/g. These polyols can be used for polymerisation of new materials. First application of recycled polyols was formulation of polyurethane foam systems. Through optimising of formula was prepared low-density semirigid foam containing 100 percentage of recycled polyol. Properties of these foams correspond to commercial foams. To prepare of homogenous cast polyurethane system based on recycled polyols it was necessary to add proper solvent, therefor extent of application has been lowered. On that account the systems were tested for study of polyaddition reaction and for following properties of the material. In these tests, the reactivity...

Subject matter of the diploma thesis is a crisis on the market for secondary raw materials. The crisis was observed in the end of 2008 and in beginning of 2009. The diploma thesis is deal with current situation on the market for recycling and identifying its specifics. First, it is focused on the European Packaging Waste Directive institutional framework of the market for recycling. Consequently it is discussed how successful is implemented Directive in each European Union member country. The second chapter is about the market for recycling and about the recent crisis. In the third chapter we discover causes and consequences in connection with the collapse and we will confront with specialists through the interviews. In the last part of the diploma thesis is suggested original solution.

In this thesis, we have focused on secondary raw materials, which are very important as industrial commodities from the perspective to waste recycling, employment and especially business potential. Due to the fact that the way of buying up metals from individuals changed since March 1, 2015, there were significant interference in the aforementioned areas, which were been deduced by analyzing the problems in the region Orlickoustecko and subsequent projection of the results to nationwide estimates. It has been found by research, that the negative impact could have been affected both the change in legislation and the falling price of iron ore. The contribution of this work is the finding that although the intention of legislators to reduce the number of crimes related to crime in the purchase of metal was successful, but this fact was accompanied by the negative impacts on both employment and economic field, and probably also on the environment in the Czech Republic. Negative impacts far outweigh the decrease of the amount of damage caused by criminal acts.

This diploma thesis deals with the preparation binder systems based on Portland clinker and recycled brick. Recycled brick is considered a waste material from construction or production of brick products. This thesis uses finely grounded brick recycled and brick dust, which is produced during final processing of burnt bricks. By incorporating brick dust in alternative system based on Portland clinker could bring ecological and economic benefits. This diploma thesis deals with option using brick dust as pozzolan admixture to Portland clinker, with the aim to prepare and test Portland cement, which is defined in v ČSN EN 197-1. This thesis also deals with possibility preparation of alternative binders based on p-clinker, but those not defined by ČSN EN 197-1. Specifically these are ternary binders with fluid bed ash and binders based on hybrid cements containing sodium sulfate.

The content of this diploma thesis is to explore the possibility of utilization of wastes generated in the production of cement-bonded particleboards in terms of their application as secondary raw materials back into the production. At first an attention was focused on a fine-grained waste containing wood particles with cement matrix produced during the final adjustment of boards. Further, fly ash generated from the combustion of wood chips in the biomass boiler is assessed. In the theoretical part the different types of waste generated in the production of cement-bonded particleboards are characterized, including their methods of creation, production, use or disposal of the current and other proposals for utilization in the future. The research papers dealing with applications of various wastes in the production of cement composites with organic fibers were also studied. In the experimental part of the thesis the characteristics of each type of waste generated in the production of cement-bonded particleboards are evaluated using laboratory analyses and their pretreatment methods for another use are designed. Subsequently performed the laboratory verification capabilities of secondary raw materials from wastes in cement-bonded particleboards identifying and evaluating basic physico–mechanical characteristics of boards with modified composition.

The thesis deals with the development of new type of lightweight floors based on secondary raw materials. In the introduction, the current knowledge in the field of lightweight building materials, especially screeds and lightweight porous concrete, is presented. The thesis describes brief history of production of aerated concrete and its development up to the present. Further, the thesis describes the procedure of design and testing of new lightweight materials for use in floors. The proposed recipe has been thoroughly tested and the best combination of components for use in lightweight porous concrete floor screed has been selected. The thesis also examines the microstructure of the material being developed. The main result of the dissertation is the developed product, which is already used in practice and is produced and sold on the market as part of the system of lightweight building materials.

At the end of 2008, the sector of secondary raw materials, as well as a major part of other sectors of economy, has been hit by a global economical recession. In comparison with usual incidences as sales, employment or payment problems, the recession had here, nevertheless, one specificity -- impact upon environment. The secondary raw materials are used to be employed by the manufacturers to the production of goods provided their price is lower than this of primary commodities. However, in the said period, consumer demand and production decreased, and in this consequence also prices of primary raw materials diminished heavily. Thereby the market of secondary raw materials practically stopped. But it was not possible to stop also their production, because recycling, process of secondary raw materials manufacture, is compulsory in the EU countries. Due to this situation, fears on the collapse of the whole system of waste separation occurred, but also different proposals for solutions of this problem appeared. Although the situation on the market for secondary raw materials in the latest months starts to be stabilized, this problem is always actual and that's why it became also theme of this dissertation. Thus, this diploma paper's objective is to make an attempt to characterize the current situation in the market for secondary raw materials with the exploitation of the institutional analysis and, subsequently, to examine its changes evoked by the introduction of the "anti-crisis" measures. The practical part of these theses is based on the application of the method developed by proprietress of the Nobel Prize for economy for 2009, Elinor Ostrom, and her colleagues at Indiana University, so-called IAD Framework -- Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. This selected research method is relatively unknown in our place and so a quite new and authentic view at this whole matter can be therefore expected.

This thesis deals with the market for secondary raw materials. First, basic terms are explained together with the close analysis of different interpretation of the term "waste" and "secondary raw material", next "recycling". Then general principles of the functioning of markets are applied to the issue of secondary raw materials. It is discussed if theoretical knowledges described below follow the reality of markets in which commodities produced from the solid waste are traded. After that structure of the market is analysed from the mikroeconomic perspective. The objective of the qualitative research was to determine the impacts of the crises on the regional market.

Magistro darbe vertinamas antrinių žaliavų tvarkymo situacijos Vilniaus mieste valdymas ir valdymo efektyvumas. Pirmajame skyriuje yra apžvelgiami svarbiausi komunalinių atliekų tvarkymą reglamentuojantys Europos sąjungos ir Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktai, klasifikuojamos antrinių žaliavų ir aptariami jų tvarkymo budai, vertinama institucinė atsakomybė atliekų tvarkymo srityje. Antrajame skyriuje, remiantis Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės administracijos medžiaga, nagrinėjama antrinių žaliavų tvarkymo situacija Vilniaus mieste, komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo sistemos kontekste, apžvelgiama Vilniaus miesto antrinių žaliavų sistema. Analizuojama antrinių žaliavų surinkimo ir tvarkymo situacija Lietuvoje ir Vilniuje, vertinami antrinių žaliavų sutvarkymo kaštai. Trečiajame skyriuje, remiantis gyventojų apklausos rezultatu bei interviu su Savivaldybės ir atliekas tvarkančių įmonių ekspertais duomenimis, analizuojama antrinių žaliavų tvarkymo sistema, šios sistemos valdymas ir efektyvumas. Analizė parodė, kad Vilniaus miesto antrinių žaliavų tvarkymo sistema nėra pakankamai efektyvi. Pagrindinė grandis, kuri organizuoja savo teritorijoje susidarančių komunalinių atliekų ir antrinių žaliavų tvarkymą, yra Savivaldybė. Savivaldybė atsakinga už šių atliekų tvarkymo sistemos sukūrimą ir valdymą – reglamentavimą, plėtojimą ir administravimą. Tačiau atlikta analizė parodė, kad antrinių žaliavų tvarkymo sistemos valdymas yra nepakankamai efektyvus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master's work evaluated the processing of secondary raw material situation in Vilnius city management and management efficiency. The first chapter provides an overview of the most important municipal waste management regulations of the European Union and the Lithuanian legal acts of secondary materials are classified and discussed their management techniques; assess the institutional responsibility for waste management. The second chapter, on the basis of the Vilnius City Municipality Administration material issue in the processing of secondary raw material situation in the city of Vilnius, municipal waste management systems in the context of an overview of the city of Vilnius secondary materials system. Analyzing the collection of secondary raw materials and processing situation in Lithuania and Vilnius, evaluates the recycled material clean-up costs. The third chapter, on the basis of the survey results and interviews with municipal waste-management companies and experts in data analysis of secondary raw materials handling system, the system management and efficiency. The analysis showed that the city of Vilnius secondary raw materials handling system is not sufficiently effective. The main chains, which organizes its own territory due to municipal waste and secondary raw materials processing is the municipality. Municipality responsible for the waste management system development and management - regulation, development and... [to full text]

Fashion and textile upcycling is currently considered a time-consuming and labour- intensive process. Since textile waste materials are not readily available as a secondary raw material, the process of sourcing pre- and post-consumer textile waste usually requires a lot of time and effort, and often results in a high inconsistency in input materials. In consequence, upcycling operations are generally difficult to scale up. In order to address this issue, this research study aims to explore the current sourcing process of secondary raw material as well as the opportunities and challenges this sourcing process implies for a B2B trading platform of secondary raw material. In order to serve the purpose of this research study, semi-structured interviews with experienced professionals from five small and medium-sized fashion and textile upcycling companies have been conducted. The empirical data collected through the semi-structured interviews was analysed using an inductive approach of qualitative content analysis. The overall findings suggest that concerning the sourcing process of post-consumer textiles for upcycling, the identified opportunities for a B2B trading platform outweigh the challenges. However, pre-consumer textile waste is often provided in the form of an already upcycled yarn from fabric or garment suppliers which gives the impression that a B2B trading platform is less relevant in this case. Nevertheless, the empirical results might have been impacted by the small sample size and the strong focus on post-consumer textiles. Therefore, more research is necessary in order to understand how SMEs working with pre-consumer textile waste source their input materials for upcycling and which opportunities and challenges this potentially different process implies for a B2B trading platform of secondary raw material.