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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Les rôles de la SUMO protéase SENP2 et du corépresseur LCoR dans la signalisation œstrogénique / Role of the SENP2 SUMO protease and LCoR in estrogen signalling

Nait Achour, Thiziri 15 November 2011 (has links)
Les œstrogènes sont impliqués dans la prolifération des cellules épithéliales du sein normal et l'exposition prolongée à ces hormones s'accompagne d'une augmentation du risque de développement de cancer du sein. Les œstrogènes exercent leurs effets via les récepteurs des œstrogènes (REs). L'activité de ces récepteurs est finement régulée par un grand nombre de cofacteurs transcriptionnels, mais également par les modifications post-traductionnelles. Mon travail de thèse a eu pour objectif la compréhension de l'impact de ces deux niveaux de régulation sur la signalisation œstrogénique. Il a été récemment décrit que la sumoylation affectait de manière drastique l'activité du RE. La sumoylation est une modification dont le caractère réversible est assuré par des isopeptidases appelé SENPs (SENtrin Proteases). Dans une première étude nous avons montré que SENP2 pouvait fortement réprimer l'activité transcriptionnelle dépendante des œstrogènes ainsi que la prolifération cellulaire. Dans une seconde étude, nous nous sommes attelés à mieux caractériser les mécanismes d'action à l'origine du caractère répresseur du cofacteur transcriptionnel LCoR (Ligand-dependent Corepressor). Nous nous sommes plus précisément intéressés aux relations existant entre LCoR et un autre cofacteur du RE, RIP140 (Receptor Interacting Protein of 140 kDa) répresseur majeur de l'activité œstrogénique. Nous avons pu caractériser, outre les modes de recrutement des deux protéines, les modulations d'expression exercées par les deux cofacteurs. L'ensemble de nos travaux identifie de nouveaux cofacteurs des REs et contribue à une meilleure compréhension de la signalisation œstrogénique. / Estrogens are involved in the proliferation of normal breast epithelial cells. The prolonged exposure to these hormones comes along with an increase of the risk of breast cancer.development. Estrogen receptors (ERs) mediate the effects of estrogens. The activity of these receptors is finely tuned by a large number of transcriptional cofactors, but also by post-translational modifications. This work aimed at understanding the impact of these regulations on estrogenic signalling. It was recently described that sumoylation could strongly affect ER-dependent activity. SUMO conjugation is a dynamic process which is reversed by SUMO specific proteases also known as SENtrin Proteases (SENPs). In a first study, we investigated the role of SENP2, in ER-dependent transcriptional activity. We showed that SENP2 could acts as a transcriptional cofactor independently of its catalytic activity by strongly repressing ER-dependent transcriptional activity. We also provided evidence for a role in in breast cancer cell line proliferation. In a second part of the work we investigated the mechanism of action of the transcriptional cofactor LCoR (Ligand-dependent Corepressor) with a specific emphasis on the relationship between LCoR and another ER cofactor, RIP140 (Receptor Interacting Protein of 140 kDa). We characterized a crossed expression modulation of the two transcription cofactors. We also depicted an interaction between these two corepressors and a regulation of LCoR activity by RIP140. Our work provides new insights in identifying new coregulators of ER and contributes to a better understanding of both LCoR and RIP140 mechanism of action, and therefore of estrogenic signalling.
2

SUMOylation Is Required for Glycine-Induced Increases in AMPA Receptor Surface Expression (ChemLTP) in Hippocampal Neurons

Jaafari, N., Konopacki, F.A., Owen, T.F., Kantamneni, Sriharsha, Rubin, P., Craig, T.J., Wilkinson, K.A., Henley, J.M. 2012 November 1916 (has links)
Yes / Multiple pathways participate in the AMPA receptor trafficking that underlies long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission. Here we demonstrate that protein SUMOylation is required for insertion of the GluA1 AMPAR subunit following transient glycine-evoked increase in AMPA receptor surface expression (ChemLTP) in dispersed neuronal cultures. ChemLTP increases co-localisation of SUMO-1 and the SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and with PSD95 consistent with the recruitment of SUMOylated proteins to dendritic spines. In addition, we show that ChemLTP increases dendritic levels of SUMO-1 and Ubc9 mRNA. Consistent with activity dependent translocation of these mRNAs to sites near synapses, levels of the mRNA binding and dendritic transport protein CPEB are also increased by ChemLTP. Importantly, reducing the extent of substrate protein SUMOylation by overexpressing the deSUMOylating enzyme SENP-1 or inhibiting SUMOylation by expressing dominant negative Ubc9 prevent the ChemLTP-induced increase in both AMPAR surface expression and dendritic SUMO-1 mRNA. Taken together these data demonstrate that SUMOylation of synaptic protein(s) involved in AMPA receptor trafficking is necessary for activity-dependent increases in AMPAR surface expression. / Medical Research Council, the European Research Council and the Wellcome Trust

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