Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 3, 2008). Advisor: William J. Landis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-68).

Many pathologic lesions and several types of fractures in the equine forelimbs involved the bony elements of the metacarpophalangeal joints (fetlock joints) especially the third metacarpal bones and the proximal sesamoid bones. Although the bones of the fetlock joint have been described in a general manner, the variations between equine breeds are still insufficient and differences within the breeds are not completely covered. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to identify the morphometrical variations of these bones between and within some different equine breeds. / Right and left metacarpal, proximal phalangeal and proximal sesamoid bones were collected from 23 horses (10 Thoroughbreds, 5 Standardbreds and 8 Ponies) euthanized for non-orthopaedic reasons. The bones were boiled between 95°C and 99°C for 30 hours, then cleaned and left for 24 hours at room temperature for air drying. Finally, the bones were dried in the drying cabinet at 49.5°C for 8 hours. A number of dimensional parameters were measured using a custom-built apparatus, calliper and plastic tape. These measurements included proximodistal height, lateromedial width, and dorsopalmar depth. All the statistical data were analysed using the ANOVA test and SPSS statistic software except the repeatability data which were analysed by calculating the repeatability coefficient. / This study showed that there were significant variations between the medial and lateral sides of all bones in all breeds. The length to the lateral condyle of Mc3 was greater than the length to the medial condyle of Mc3 in all breeds. The width and depth of the medial condyle was greater than the lateral condyle in all breeds. The lengths of the lateral sides of the P1 bones were greater than the lengths of the medial sides in the right forelimbs of Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds. The width of the medial articular cavity of P1 was greater than the width of the lateral articular cavity except in the left limb of Ponies. The depth of the medial articular cavity of P1 was greater than the depth of the lateral articular cavity except in the left limb of Standardbreds. The lateral sesamoid bones in both limbs of Thoroughbreds and Ponies were significantly longer or tended to be longer than the medial sesamoid bones. The lateral sesamoid bones were wider than the medial sesamoid bones in both limbs of Ponies. The depths of the lateral sesamoid bones were the significantly greater or tended to be greater than those of the medial sesamoid bones in both limbs of Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds. / There were many morphometrical variations in the bony elements of the equine fetlock joints of Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds and Ponies. Further studies are needed to identify the reasons and mechanical effects of these differences.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 romerolafuente_je_me_arafo.pdf: 647496 bytes, checksum: a962eecc305aefe482abd482be57f8c5 (MD5) / Neste trabalho propusemo-nos a avaliar a efetividade da radiografia digital direta, quando empregada na técnica simplificada de análise de maturação óssea. Foram selecionadas 30 crianças de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária entre 9 e 14 anos para o sexo feminino e, entre 11 e 16 anos para o sexo masculino. De cada criança foram obtidas duas radiografias, uma pela técnica convencional e outra digital direta para a posterior análise comparativa das imagens. O filme e o sensor foram posicionados e centralizados na região da articulação metacarpofalangeana do polegar esquerdo, de forma que o centro do sensor ou filme coincidisse com a posição da articulação metacarpofalangeana. As radiografias convencionais e digitais diretas foram analisadas por uma Odontopediatra, procurando identificar no osso sesamóide: ausência (A), calcificação inicial (CI) e calcificação presente (CP). Na falange proximal do polegar esquerdo, foram identificados os estágios de capeamento epifisário a= epífise menor que a largura da diáfise, b= epífise igual à largura da diáfise, c= estágio de capeamento, d= fusão da epífise com a diáfise. As observações foram submetidas a análise estatística chegando-se as seguintes conclusões: 1 - A ossificação do osso sesamóide mostrou a melhor correlação entre os dois tipos de radiografias analisadas 2 - O observador apresentou melhor índice de coincidência nos fatores analisados na radiografia digital, sendo sua maior dificuldade o reconhecimento do estágio do início da calcificação do osso sesamóide na radiografia convencional. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the analysis of bone maturation in the simplified radiographic technique thirty children, age from 9 to 14 years old for female and from 11 to 16 for male took part of this study. From each child were obtained two radiographies, using conventional and digital techniques. The film and the sensor were positioned centralized in the area of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the left Thumb. The images were analyzed by a Pediatric Dentist. Calibrated to identify in the sesamoid bone: absence (A), initial calcification (CI) and present calcification (CP). In the proximal phalange of the left thumb were identified the epiphyseal changes: a - Ephiphysis equal in width to diaphysis, b= Appearance of sesamoid of the thumb, c= Capping of epiphysis, d= Fusion of epiphysis. The results shouled that the sesamoid bone avaliation had the best correlation in both radiographies : Conventional and Digital. The observer was more reliable when analysed digital X rays.

No description available.

Orientador: Lourdes Aparecida Martins dos Santos Pinto. / Banca: Rita de Cássia Loiola Cordeiro / Banca: Maria Cristina Borsatto / Resumo: Neste trabalho propusemo-nos a avaliar a efetividade da radiografia digital direta, quando empregada na técnica simplificada de análise de maturação óssea. Foram selecionadas 30 crianças de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária entre 9 e 14 anos para o sexo feminino e, entre 11 e 16 anos para o sexo masculino. De cada criança foram obtidas duas radiografias, uma pela técnica convencional e outra digital direta para a posterior análise comparativa das imagens. O filme e o sensor foram posicionados e centralizados na região da articulação metacarpofalangeana do polegar esquerdo, de forma que o centro do sensor ou filme coincidisse com a posição da articulação metacarpofalangeana. As radiografias convencionais e digitais diretas foram analisadas por uma Odontopediatra, procurando identificar no osso sesamóide: ausência (A), calcificação inicial (CI) e calcificação presente (CP). Na falange proximal do polegar esquerdo, foram identificados os estágios de capeamento epifisário a= epífise menor que a largura da diáfise, b= epífise igual à largura da diáfise, c= estágio de capeamento, d= fusão da epífise com a diáfise. As observações foram submetidas a análise estatística chegando-se as seguintes conclusões: 1 - A ossificação do osso sesamóide mostrou a melhor correlação entre os dois tipos de radiografias analisadas 2 - O observador apresentou melhor índice de coincidência nos fatores analisados na radiografia digital, sendo sua maior dificuldade o reconhecimento do estágio do início da calcificação do osso sesamóide na radiografia convencional. / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the analysis of bone maturation in the simplified radiographic technique thirty children, age from 9 to 14 years old for female and from 11 to 16 for male took part of this study. From each child were obtained two radiographies, using conventional and digital techniques. The film and the sensor were positioned centralized in the area of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the left Thumb. The images were analyzed by a Pediatric Dentist. Calibrated to identify in the sesamoid bone: absence (A), initial calcification (CI) and present calcification (CP). In the proximal phalange of the left thumb were identified the epiphyseal changes: a - Ephiphysis equal in width to diaphysis, b= Appearance of sesamoid of the thumb, c= Capping of epiphysis, d= Fusion of epiphysis. The results shouled that the sesamoid bone avaliation had the best correlation in both radiographies : Conventional and Digital. The observer was more reliable when analysed digital X rays. / Mestre

Study of the embryology and ossification of modern bones predicts that fossil intermembranous bones (which ossify from connective tissue) will exhibit greater size variability than endochondral bones (which are formed from embryological cartilaginous precursors), because intermembranous bones are less tightly constrained by joints and articular surfaces. To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured multiple dimensions of 989 intermembranous bones (patellae and other sesamoids) of the saber-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis, the Ice Age lion Panthera atrox, the bison Bison antiquus, the horse Equus occidentalis, the camel Camelops hesternus, the ground sloths Paramylodon (=Glossotherium) harlani and Nothrotheriops shastensis from Rancho La Brea and from the late Pleistocene San Josecito Cave in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. These were compared to measurements of 811 endochondral bones (primarily astragali) of comparable size. Through statistical analyses (coefficients of variation, ANOVA, modified Levene's test, and t-tests) we found slight evidence of higher variability in many of the intermembranous bones of these taxa (21 out of 27 CVs were higher for intermembranous bones than endochondral bones), although this trend is not found in all taxa. Using a modified Levene's test, only Smilodon and some of the dimensions of horse and bison patellae are significantly more variable than the corresponding dimensions of the astragali. Although the results are mixed, at least some data show that intermembranous bones are not as tightly constrained by growth and by adjacent tissues as are endochondral bones. This evidence of relative variability is important in assessing how much variability is typical of a single species, and thus has taxonomic implications.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:31:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Glauber Fabre Carinhena1.pdf: 160083 bytes, checksum: 9ff28bf9a976e1529fd0641542f508ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-23 / Este estudo foi realizado com o propósito de testar a reprodutibilidade, a confiabilidade e a concordância existente entre os métodos de Martins e Sakima (1977) para a radiografia de mão e punho, e Hassel e Farman (1995) e Baccetti et al. (2002) para as vértebras cervicais, quando comparados 2 a 2, e entre todos, conjuntamente. A amostra constou de 72 radiografias, sendo 36 telerradiografias em norma lateral da cabeça e 36 radiografias de mão e punho do lado esquerdo, de 36 indivíduos com Síndrome de Down (SD), sendo 13 do sexo feminino e 23 do masculino na faixa etária entre oito anos e seis meses até 18 anos e sete meses, com média de 13 anos e dez meses. De acordo com os resultados obtidos concluímos que, os índices de maturação avaliados por meio das vértebras cervicais e os centros de ossificação observados nas radiografias de mão e punho foram estatisticamente significativos, obtendo um excelente grau de concordância entre eles, considerados reprodutíveis e confiáveis. Quando comparados onjuntamente, todos os métodos se mostraram estatisticamente significantes com grau de concordância de razoável a boa, sendo considerados confiáveis na aplicação clínica.