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While there is evidence that young women involved in transactional sex face economical, emotional and health disadvantages, few studies have examined young women’s understanding and knowledge of risky behaviours (e.g., substance abuse, acquiring sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS, domestic violence, etc.) and how these influence their health and well-being. The debate on the definitions, relevance, and causes of transactional sex, as well as on the approaches to address it, is ongoing. There is considerable agreement that sexual exchange needs to be addressed from a variety of contexts to obtain a comprehensive picture of how women understand their experience. This qualitative study used phenomenological techniques (interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, observation, and field notes) to collect data and conduct analysis on 15 young women between the ages of 18 and 27. The focus of the study was to explore issues of health and social services as identified by young women involved in transactional sex. This study enabled them to discuss the struggles they encounter (such as issues related to housing, addictions, employment opportunities, and skills level). Findings from the study identified issues that may help to develop programs and policies to provide better supports to young women involved in transactional sex.

The purpose of this study was to consider to what degree each of two sexual offender programs offered by Manitoba Justice adhere to the research based practice principles of risk, need, and responsivity and to assess the degree of therapeutic alliance that is created in each group. In-person interviews were conducted with employees and past participants who are connected to each of the programs. Current participants of the two programs were asked to complete a questionnaire about therapeutic alliance. The findings indicated that neither of the programs adhere to the risk principle, both adhere to the responsivity principle, and only one adheres to the need principle. There was no difference on the clients’ perception of therapeutic alliance within the groups. Recommendations provided with regards to the sexual offender programming offered by Manitoba Justice include consistent programming, education/mentorship, utilizing a secondary risk assessment, and evaluation and research.

Dans ses ouvrages, Gender Trouble et Undoing Gender, Judith Butler soutient que le sexe est une norme politique destinée à promouvoir l'hétérosexualité. Elle réfute l'idée d'un genre social s'appuyant sur un sexe biologique et considère que les deux concepts sont des produits de la performativité des normes. Le cas des intersexués est particulièrement intéressant pour illustrer ces théories. Ces individus présentent en effet une anatomie qui remet en cause le dimorphisme sexuel et soulèvent le problème de la construction d'une identité sexuelle cohérente sur un corps androgyne. Les romans d'apprentissage, Le choeur des femmes de Martin Winckler et Middlesex de Jeffrey Eugenides décrivent le parcours de deux personnages intersexués et mettent en évidence l'action des normes décrites par Judith Butler. Ils révèlent notamment l'action performative du langage ainsi que la collusion entre savoir et pouvoir. Ils nous invitent à imaginer une société où la catégorisation sexuelle serait moins restrictive. In Gender Trouble and Undoing Gender, Judith Butler challenges notions of sex and gender and contests that gender is the social construct of a biological sex. She affirms that both of them are gendered concepts and she develops her theory of gender performativity. Intersexuality is particularly pertinent to illustrate these concepts. Intersex individuals cannot be distinctly identified as male or female and they face the problem of building a coherent gender identity on an ambiguous biological sex. The bildungsromans, Le choeur des femmes by Martin Winckler and Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides introduce intersex main characters who have to overcome many obstacles in their search for identity. They realize the impossibility of describing their condition or their feelings because of the performativity and the paucity of the language and discover that knowledge and power are indissociable. Their struggles call us to re-evaluate sexual identification. / Graduate

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The effect of environmental and social factors on the courtship and mating dynamics of the smooth newt. Triturus v. vulgaris, was studied using laboratory experiments, an individual-based model, a semi-natural population and a field study. In view of the limitations of laboratory experiments and field observation, the semi-natural and modelling approaches are recommended as additional research tools. In the laboratory, the optimal temperature for spermatophore transfer was just below 13°C, at which point the spermatophore deposition rate is high and oxygen availability not limiting. In the wild females determine the timing of mating. They are highly receptive for a brief period after arrival at the breeding site (early spring), subsequently re-mating only sporadically. Therefore, few courtships take place at mid-season, optimal temperatures. In the semi-natural population. deposition occurred in only 3 - 6% of courtships with a median of one deposition per encounter. Male mating success is therefore unlikely to be constrained by physiological capacity for spermatophore production. Female receptivity and immigration patterns are thus the principle determinants of the operational sex ratio (OSR). According to the model, a male-biased OSR develops rapidly at the start of the season, but the strength of bias will depend on the breeding sex ratio. duration of the arrival period and extent to which males arrive before females. The OSR influences the intensity of competition for mates and the potential for sexual selection. Males compete directly for females by sexual interference, a common but low-gain strategy. Males may also compete indirectly by courting unmated and unfamiliar females preferentially (both of which have a higher probability of being receptive) although more research is needed to establish if males differ in their ability to find receptive females. There is variance in male mating success but the relative contributions of environmental factors and phenotypic traits needs further clarification.