In Qing Dynasty, Chang’s family was one of the most famous merchants of the Shanxi ancient business. Chang’s Manor, which has a history of more than 200 years, stays as the most awarded civil building assembly among all the Shanxi compounds by its elaborate sculptures, wooden decorated archways, brick sculpted walls and many other art forms. Since 2001, Chang’s Manor has been commercialized for tourism purpose. Many “interesting stories” have been made up while lots of facts which are the real “people’s history” were left out and may be lost forever. This is also a common problem within many heritages which have been transformed into tourist attractions in China. And this arouses my research interests. In this dissertation, I would like to seek and tell the “true stories” from 1949 to 2001 in accordance with my conversation with the original habitants who have had real life experience of the original places. Surely, I will identify the real social value of Chang’s Manor through the interpretation of the true stories from local people. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Since the late 1970s internal migration has become a fundamental feature of economic and social change in the People’s Republic of China. So has rapid urbanization as the rural population moves to the cities and towns in search for work. In the process, new urban spaces have been created that not only provide the springboard for economic development but also present challenges for social coherence and stability. Considerable attention has been focussed on the impact of this migration on the larger cities and on the migrants to those cities; processes that inevitably highlight the difficulties of China’s socio-economic transformation. Nonetheless, the experiences of those cities represent but one of the country’s urban realities. In fact, the majority of China’s urban population live in a highly dispersed system formed by thousands of small cities and towns. Through the examination of a county in North China (Hongtong County, Shanxi Province) and its county town (Dahuishu Town) this study suggests that outside the larger cities there may be alternative accounts of urban social change and the integration of rural migrant workers. Empirical findings point to greater openness and flexibility in the incorporation of rural workers. Though shortcomings are still observed, there is also considerable governmental and social awareness of the problems brought by rural -urban migration and urbanization processes; a willingness to act and a capacity to promote and deliver greater social inclusion. Dahuaishu Town’s distinct development experience has allowed for the construction of a more inclusive social environment, one which provides all inhabitants, including rural workers with a platform towards advancing their economic and social well-being. Impossible as it is to be representative of town development throughout China, this study provides an example of and a guide to alternative development processes to those documented in large urban centres. Small town urban development in Hongtong County is not a resolved issue, but it suggests that China’s transformation may not necessarily result in dysfunctional and socially polarized urban environments.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Since the late 1970s internal migration has become a fundamental feature of economic and social change in the People’s Republic of China. So has rapid urbanization as the rural population moves to the cities and towns in search for work. In the process, new urban spaces have been created that not only provide the springboard for economic development but also present challenges for social coherence and stability. Considerable attention has been focussed on the impact of this migration on the larger cities and on the migrants to those cities; processes that inevitably highlight the difficulties of China’s socio-economic transformation. Nonetheless, the experiences of those cities represent but one of the country’s urban realities. In fact, the majority of China’s urban population live in a highly dispersed system formed by thousands of small cities and towns. Through the examination of a county in North China (Hongtong County, Shanxi Province) and its county town (Dahuishu Town) this study suggests that outside the larger cities there may be alternative accounts of urban social change and the integration of rural migrant workers. Empirical findings point to greater openness and flexibility in the incorporation of rural workers. Though shortcomings are still observed, there is also considerable governmental and social awareness of the problems brought by rural -urban migration and urbanization processes; a willingness to act and a capacity to promote and deliver greater social inclusion. Dahuaishu Town’s distinct development experience has allowed for the construction of a more inclusive social environment, one which provides all inhabitants, including rural workers with a platform towards advancing their economic and social well-being. Impossible as it is to be representative of town development throughout China, this study provides an example of and a guide to alternative development processes to those documented in large urban centres. Small town urban development in Hongtong County is not a resolved issue, but it suggests that China’s transformation may not necessarily result in dysfunctional and socially polarized urban environments.

Zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 2005

Thesis--University of Washington. / Vita. Another copy has number: Thesis 27885. Bibliography: leaves [486]-509.

Duan, Haiyan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-83). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Question --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Approach and Methods --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Provision of Public Goods as a Governmental Function --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Design and Practice of Fiscal Transfer --- p.11 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- China´ةs Fiscal Institution --- p.20 / Chapter 3.1 --- "The Drop of “Two Ratios"", and 1994 Fiscal Reform" --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2 --- Post-1994 System and the Intergovernmental Fiscal Relation --- p.23 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Finance of Public Goods Provision --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4 --- Fiscal Institution below Province --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Impact of Fiscal Transfer on Public Goods Provision: Cross-county Analysis of Shanxi --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Equalization Effect of Fiscal Transfer --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Impact of Fiscal Transfer on County Governments´ة Preference of Expenditure --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.75 / REFRENCES --- p.79

Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Groundwater is an important of water resources and plays a significant role in the water supply in most parts of the world. It is also an important ecological environment factor, and its variations often affect natural balance of the ecosystem. China is one of the few countries in the world where Karst is intensively developed Karst water is heavily utilized as water supply source. Shanxi is such a province with largest Karst distribution in places in North China, where 19 large Karst springs and their catchment are identified to provide an important source of the water supply and ecosystem functioning in Shanxi

抗日戰爭動員全國、悲壯慘烈，使得許多地方軍人捐棄成見，一致投入這民族共同禦 外的戰爭。其中最顯而得見的是山西的閻錫山，他在抗戰中的表現與頁獻，是應該為 歷史所肯定的。 抗戰時期閻錫山被任命為第二戰區司令長官，無論在山西或是對於全國局勢，均有重 大的影響，是一位舉足輕重的人物，非常值得研究。本論文擬以時間為經、事件為緯 ，藉著分析事件的過程及影響，以突顯人物的重要。全文共分為六章。第一章敘述閻 錫山崛起山西的經過，在辛亥革命、北洋政府、北伐、中原大戰各時期他所扮演的角 色，可說是抗戰以前背景的描述，有助於以下數章的發展。第二章申述自九一八事變 至七七抗戰爆發期間，閻氏面對日軍積極侵華的應付、準備，及其抗日的決心，另亦 述及其建設山西的成效。第三章以第二戰區為主，說明閻氏在山西如何領導軍民抗戰 ，在困厄的環境中，支持到抗戰最後，始終未讓日軍渡過黃河。 第四章探討閻錫山與中共的關係，說明中共利用犧盟會和決死隊叛變，打擊閻氏，並 得以迅速擴張其勢力於華北的經過。第五章則研究抗戰時期日本對閻錫山「合作」的 試探，閻氏如何運用策略以保生存等。最後綜合各章節所舉事件之分析，在結論中為 抗戰時期的閻錫山做一整體性的評論客觀地給予歷史上的地位。 本論文所引用的資料，以國史館典藏「閻故資政錫山遺存檔案」為主，其次是閻錫山 的年譜、回憶錄、傳記，戰時出版品及有關的論著、報紙、期刊等，希望有助於對抗 日戰爭史的探究及對於閻錫山有更深刻的了解。