Hochsch. für Wirtschafts-, Rechts- und Sozialwiss., Diss.--St. Gallen, 1991.

Hochs., Diss., 1991--St. Gallen.

This dissertation introduces a Korean composer, Isang Yun (1917-1995), who embraced European traditions but retained Asian characteristics in his compositions. Attending the 1958 summer course in Darmstadt in Germany, Yun was strongly influenced by the avant-garde style of Boulez, Stockhausen, Nono, and Cage. In addition to his work as a composer, Yun distinguished himself, as one of the most important Asian composers to blend Eastern and Western music; and although his musical training focused on Western music, he continued the pursuit of Eastern sounds and philosophies throughout his musical life. Imprisoned in 1967 by the South Korean government, Isang Yun's music, particularly in later life, incorporates his beliefs on social and political issues together with musical ideas. Although his love of country was deep, Isang Yun was not allowed to return to South Korea, and he lived in Germany for the remainder of his professional life. In this study, my purpose is to investigate the development of Yun's musical ideas from his acceptance of Taoism four structures in the world: the Tao, heaven, earth, and man. The presence of both Western and Eastern influences in Yun's music provides the basic of his musical style, and analysis of Salomo für Altoflöte oder Flöte is included in this dissertation.

Die Tyrosin Kinase Brk stellt den Prototypen nicht N-terminal myristoylierter, Nicht-Rezeptor Tyrosin Kinasen dar. Die Expression dieser Kinase ist auf epitheliale Gewebe beschränkt und wird während der Entwicklung differentiell reguliert. In normalen Geweben ist die Brk Expression auf nichtproliferierende, terminal differenzierte Zellen beschränkt. Um die regulatorische Funktion von Brk im murinen Darmepithel zu untersuchen, wurde das brk Gen in der Maus inaktiviert. Brk knockout Mäuse zeigten keine offensichtlichen Defekte in ihrer Entwicklung jedoch eine erweiterte Proliferationszone in den Krypten des Darmepithels und verlängerte Villi. Die Inaktivierung von Brk führte zu einer erhöhten Akkummulation von nukleärem (-catenin sowie einer Hochregulierung des (-catenin Zielgens c-myc in den Krypten der knockout Mäuse. Zusätzlich zeigten Brk knockout Mäuse eine Aktivierung des Akt-Signaltransduktionswegs in ihrem Darmepithel. Im Gegensatz zu Wildtyp Mäusen waren Brk knockout Mäuse resistent gegenüber (-Strahlung, was die Anhäufung onkogener Mutationen und damit die Entwicklung von Krebs fördert. Eine Induktion der Expression des Brk-Proteins im Darmepithel behandelter Wildtyp Mäuse wurde festgestellt. Weiterhin traten bei Brk knockout Mäusen chronische Entzündungen des Darmepithels sowie eine erhöhte Sensibilität gegenüber dem Reizmittel DSS auf. Im Gegensatz dazu, zeigten Wildtyp Mäuse eine mit der Literatur Übereinstimmende Reaktion zu DSS verbunden mit einer Induktion der Brk Expression im Darmepithel. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass die Brk Tyrosin Kinase eine entscheidende Rolle in der Aufrechterhaltung der Homöstase und Integrität des Darmepithels spielt. Insbesondere scheint Brk als wichtiger Faktor zur Bestimmung der Sensitivität epithelialer Zellen zu genotoxischem Stress zu fungieren. Entgegen der bisher vermuteten onkogenen Funktion in epithelialen Tumoren scheint Brk im normalen Darmepithel "Tumor Suppressor" Ähnliche Funtionen innezuhaben. / The Breast tumor kinase Brk is a prototypical non-myristoylated, non-receptor tyrosine kinase. Brk expression is epithelial-specific and ,in normal tissues, restricted to cells exiting the cell cycle and undergoing terminal differentiation. To determine the biological role of Brk in the gastrointestinal tract, we disrupted mouse brk by homologous recombination. Loss of Brk in the mouse resulted in increased intestinal epithelial cell turnover and the appearance of longer small intestinal villi. Brk deficient mice displayed enhanced accumulation of nuclear (-catenin and upregulation of the (-catenin target gene c-myc in the crypt compartment of small and large intestine. In addition, Brk deficient mice exhibited increased Akt kinase activity. Even though, there was no corresponding difference in base-line apoptosis in untreated wild-type and knockout animals. However, subjected to (-irradiation, Brk deficient animals were significantly impaired in the apoptotic response. Wild-type mice, however, exhibited normal levels of apoptosis following (-irradiation accompanied by a rapid induction of Brk expression in crypt cells. Furthermore, chronic inflammation was observed in Brk deficient mice, and they showed increased susceptibility to a colon injury model utilizing DSS. Interestingly, wild-type mice exhibited a significant upregulation of nuclear Brk protein throughout the intestinal epithelium in response to DSS. These recent findings suggest that Brk plays a crucial role in the maintenance of intestinal tissue homeostasis and integrity. In addition, Brk may function to protect the intestinal epithelium against DNA-replication-induced errors and hence the development of cancer. Contrary to reported oncogenic properties of Brk in other epithelial tissues, Brk appears to have tumor suppressor-like functions in the mouse gastrointestinal epithelium.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Com o objetivo de subsidiar a reavaliação - e quiçá a implementação de novas medidas, políticas e práticas em saúde -, o presente estudo porpôs-se a pesquisar indicadores da prevalência, da incidência do absenteísmo e do tempo médio de afastamento do trabalho por motivos odontológicos, segundo a sua etiologia. A fundamentação teórica necessária ao objetivo proposto apoiou-se em uma revista da literatura que parte do absenteísmo em seu conceito mais amplo até alcançar as questões relacionadas ao absenteísmo por motivo de saúde e neste, em particular, aquele de origem odontológica. Em sua parte experimental o trabalho utiliza metodologia de pesquisa quantitativa em dados secundários advindos dos registros de perícias ocupacionais administrativas então realizadas. Busca investigar a prevalência, a incidência e o tempo médio de afastamento do trabalho, segundo as variáveis de interesse para a área de saúde, realizad por grupo nosológico e de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10 - OMS, 1984). Os resultados indicaram maior prevalência do gênero feminino, média etária de 42,2 anos - mínima de 20 e máxima de 69 anos -, com desvio padrão de 9,2 e coeficiente de variação de 21%. Observou-se, no estudo de proporções, maior freqüência na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, emenor freqüência na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos. Apurou-se, como medida de tendência central, um tempo médio por afastamento de 5,4 dias, com desvio padrão de 5,3 e coeficiente de variação de 97%: mínimo 0 (negado o pedido) e máximo de 60 dias. Segundo a freqüência, os 5 primeiros motivos foram: 1)exodontias por via alveolar (24,94%); 2)doenças da polpa e tecido periapicais (17,81%); 3) doenças Periodontais (10,75%); 4) transtornos das articulações temporomandibulares (7,68%); 5) exodontias de inclusos ou impactados (6,88%). Quanto ao peso participativo no total de dias de afastamento, observou-se como principal causa os transtornos das articulações temporomandibulares, com 1712%. / This work aims at studying the absenteeism due to oral and maxillofacial affections and correlated problems of municipal civil servers of São Paulo. The data was assesed onto sick-leave requests to the São Paulo Occupational Medical Department between December 1996 and December 2000. It is a contribution to the analysis of the oral health impact to the worker. The theorethical groundings of this dissertation lean on a literature review that departs from the absenteeism in its wider concept and reaches the issues of the health-related absenteeism, and within this latter, in particular, those related to dental origin. In its experimental respect, the work resorts to quantitative research methodology applied to secondary data retrieved from the database of administrative occupational expertise during the period. It aims at investigating the prevalence, the incidence and the average time of work absenteeism, according to the variables of interest to the health area, classified by nosologic groups and in agreement with the International Classification of Diseases and Problems Related to health - ICD - 10 - WHO - 1993. The results indicated a larger prevalence on the feminie gender, average of 42.2 years old, with standard deviation of 9.2 years and variation coefficient of 21%, minimum of 20 and maximum of 69 years of age. The analysis of proportions showed the largest frequency in the age group from 20 to 29 years, and the smallest frequency in the age group from 60 to 69 years. It was found, as a central tendency measure, an average sick-leave period of 5.4 days, with a 5.3 days of standard deviation and variation coefficient of 97%, with a minimum leave of 0 days (request denied) and a maximum of 60 days. According to the frequency, the 5 principal reasons were: 1) Erupted tooth extraction (24.94%); 2)Diseases of the pulp and periapical tissues (17.815); 3) Periodontal Diseases (10.75%); 4) TMJ disorders (7.68%); 5) Embedded and impacted teeth surgery (6.88%). Regarding to the participative weight in the total of sick-leave days, the TMJ disorders was observed to be the prevailing reason (17.12%).

Com o objetivo de subsidiar a reavaliação - e quiçá a implementação de novas medidas, políticas e práticas em saúde -, o presente estudo porpôs-se a pesquisar indicadores da prevalência, da incidência do absenteísmo e do tempo médio de afastamento do trabalho por motivos odontológicos, segundo a sua etiologia. A fundamentação teórica necessária ao objetivo proposto apoiou-se em uma revista da literatura que parte do absenteísmo em seu conceito mais amplo até alcançar as questões relacionadas ao absenteísmo por motivo de saúde e neste, em particular, aquele de origem odontológica. Em sua parte experimental o trabalho utiliza metodologia de pesquisa quantitativa em dados secundários advindos dos registros de perícias ocupacionais administrativas então realizadas. Busca investigar a prevalência, a incidência e o tempo médio de afastamento do trabalho, segundo as variáveis de interesse para a área de saúde, realizad por grupo nosológico e de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10 - OMS, 1984). Os resultados indicaram maior prevalência do gênero feminino, média etária de 42,2 anos - mínima de 20 e máxima de 69 anos -, com desvio padrão de 9,2 e coeficiente de variação de 21%. Observou-se, no estudo de proporções, maior freqüência na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, emenor freqüência na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos. Apurou-se, como medida de tendência central, um tempo médio por afastamento de 5,4 dias, com desvio padrão de 5,3 e coeficiente de variação de 97%: mínimo 0 (negado o pedido) e máximo de 60 dias. Segundo a freqüência, os 5 primeiros motivos foram: 1)exodontias por via alveolar (24,94%); 2)doenças da polpa e tecido periapicais (17,81%); 3) doenças Periodontais (10,75%); 4) transtornos das articulações temporomandibulares (7,68%); 5) exodontias de inclusos ou impactados (6,88%). Quanto ao peso participativo no total de dias de afastamento, observou-se como principal causa os transtornos das articulações temporomandibulares, com 1712%. / This work aims at studying the absenteeism due to oral and maxillofacial affections and correlated problems of municipal civil servers of São Paulo. The data was assesed onto sick-leave requests to the São Paulo Occupational Medical Department between December 1996 and December 2000. It is a contribution to the analysis of the oral health impact to the worker. The theorethical groundings of this dissertation lean on a literature review that departs from the absenteeism in its wider concept and reaches the issues of the health-related absenteeism, and within this latter, in particular, those related to dental origin. In its experimental respect, the work resorts to quantitative research methodology applied to secondary data retrieved from the database of administrative occupational expertise during the period. It aims at investigating the prevalence, the incidence and the average time of work absenteeism, according to the variables of interest to the health area, classified by nosologic groups and in agreement with the International Classification of Diseases and Problems Related to health - ICD - 10 - WHO - 1993. The results indicated a larger prevalence on the feminie gender, average of 42.2 years old, with standard deviation of 9.2 years and variation coefficient of 21%, minimum of 20 and maximum of 69 years of age. The analysis of proportions showed the largest frequency in the age group from 20 to 29 years, and the smallest frequency in the age group from 60 to 69 years. It was found, as a central tendency measure, an average sick-leave period of 5.4 days, with a 5.3 days of standard deviation and variation coefficient of 97%, with a minimum leave of 0 days (request denied) and a maximum of 60 days. According to the frequency, the 5 principal reasons were: 1) Erupted tooth extraction (24.94%); 2)Diseases of the pulp and periapical tissues (17.815); 3) Periodontal Diseases (10.75%); 4) TMJ disorders (7.68%); 5) Embedded and impacted teeth surgery (6.88%). Regarding to the participative weight in the total of sick-leave days, the TMJ disorders was observed to be the prevailing reason (17.12%).

Approximately 10 000 individuals in Sweden are diagnosed with aphasia every year, which can result in severe communication difficulties. Conversation partner training (CPT) is a treatment that aims to help the person with aphasia and their communication partner to have a functional communication. CPT has shown to be an efficient treatment and is recommended in the Swedish national stroke rehabilitation guidelines. The present study examines the inter- and intra-rater reliability of five different CPT assessment materials with intraclass correlation (ICC) for CPT in aphasia. The assessment materials evaluated and compared in this study were Measure of skill in supported conversation (MSC), Measure of participation in conversation (MPC) and the Swedish adaptations Measure of interaction in conversation (MIC/MIK), Stöd i konversation (SiK) and Deltagande i konversation (DiK). The study also examines if assessment training increases the inter-rater reliability, and also if there is any correlation between the type and severity of aphasia and inter-rater reliability. Fourteen dyads participated in the study. The analyses are based on 10 minutes long video clips where the dyads are having a conversation on an optional topic. The results indicated that the assessment materials with the highest inter-rater reliability were SiK and DiK (ICC > 0.65, p < 0,001) and the assessment material with highest intra-rater reliability was MSC for assessor number one (0.91, p < 0.001) and MIC for assessor number two (0.83, p < 0.001). The results also imply that there are no significant differences in inter-rater reliability between assessments before and after assessment training. Correlation between type of aphasia and inter-rater reliability was found in SiK (r = 0.65 p = 0.013). No correlation was found for the variable severity of aphasia and inter-rater reliability. Varje år drabbas ca 10 000 personer av afasi i Sverige, vilket kan medföra stora kommunikativa svårigheter. Kommunikationspartnerträning (KPT) är en behandling som hjälper den drabbade och dennes samtalspartner att kommunicera på ett funktionellt sätt. Studier visar att KPT är en effektiv behandlingsmetod och i Socialstyrelsens reviderade nationella strokeriktlinjer rekommenderas denna metod. Föreliggande studie undersöker inter- och intrabedömarreliabiliteten med intraclass correlation (ICC) för fem olika bedömningsmaterial för KPT vid afasi. Bedömningsmaterialen som jämförts och utvärderats är Measure of skill in supported conversation (MSC), Measure of participation in conversation (MPC), och de svenska anpassningarna Mått på interaktion i kommunikation (MiK) och Stöd i konversation (SiK) respektive Deltagande i konversation (DiK). Studien utforskar också om samstämmighetsträning förbättrar interbedömarreliabiliteten samt om det finns något samband mellan typ och grad av afasi och interbedömarreliabilitet. Fjorton dyader deltog i studien. Analysen genomfördes utifrån filmklipp på cirka 10 minuter där deltagarna samtalade om valfritt ämne. Resultaten visade att SiK och DiK hade högst interbedömarreliabilitet (ICC > 0,65, p < 0,001). Bedömningsmaterialet med högst intrabedömarreliabilitet var MSC för bedömare 1 (0,91, p < 0,001), och MIK för bedömare 2 (0,83 p < 0,001). Resultaten i föreliggande studie visade inga signifikanta skillnader i interbedömarreliabilitet mellan testning före respektive efter träning av samstämmighet. Korrelation mellan typ av afasi och interbedömarreliabilitet kunde påvisas för SiK (r = 0,65 p = 0,013). Korrelation mellan grad av afasi och interbedömarreliabilitet kunde ej påvisas.

With the dawn of metazoans, the ability of cells to communicate with each other became of paramount importance in maintaining tissue homeostasis. The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, which plays important roles during embryogenesis and in the adult organism, signals via a heterodimeric receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I receptors. After receptor activation through ligand binding, Smads mediate the signal from the receptor complex to the nucleus, where they orchestrate transcription. Depending on the context of activation, TGF-β can mediate a plethora of cellular responses, including proliferation, growth arrest, apoptosis and differentiation. In cancer, TGF-β can act as both as a tumor suppressor and promoter. During early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β prevents proliferation. However, TGF-β is also known to promote tumor progression during later stages of the disease, where it can induce differentiation of cancer cells towards a migratory phenotype. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how cells can differentiate their response upon TGF-β pathway activation. The first paper describes the role of Notch signaling in TGF-β induced growth arrest, demonstrating that TGF-β promotes Notch activity and that Notch signaling is required for prolonged TGF-β induced cell cycle arrest. In the second and third paper, we investigate the role of SIK, a member of the AMPK family of kinases, mediating signaling strength of TGF-β through degradation of the TGF-β type I receptor ALK5. While the second paper focuses on the effect of SIK on ALK5 stability and subsequent alterations in TGF-β signaling, the third paper emphasizes cooperation between SIK, Smad7 and the E3 ligase Smurf in degradation of ALK5. Finally, the fourth paper explores a novel role of SIK during TGF-β induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). SIK binds to and degrades the polarity protein Par3, leading to enhanced EMT.