The purpose of this study is to achieve deeper knowledge of what experiences and perceptions school librarians who work in high school libraries have of media and information literacy (MIL). School librarians have always struggled to assert themselves and their skills among the teachers. When MIL was launched it was very well recieved by teachers and school librarians. Will the collaboration between teachers and school librarians improve due to MIL? The empirical material has been collected through semistructured interviews with eight school librarians who work with high school students. They gave their opinions about what is included in the concept of MIL and how it differs from the former concept; information literacy (IL) and how MIL work as a phenomenon. Furthermore, the informants answered questions about how they used MIL in their everyday teaching. The theoretical framework used to analyze the results from the interviews is called ”Diffusion of Innovations” by Everett M. Rogers. Rogers’ theory shows how fast an innovation is established due to different factors. It seems like the new concept of MIL should be accepted rather rapidly since the innovation met most of the beneficial criterias. Our major finding shows no particular change in the way librarians work with the new concept of MIL in comparison to the former concept. Since this innovation has not yet reached the confirmation step of Rogers’ innovation-decision process, it cannot be considered as fully executed.

The purpose of this essay is to describe how probation service officers regard their professional role and their liberty of action within the motivational treatment program, MIK, and the probation organization. To answer the purpose three questions were formulated: 1) Does the probation service organization affect the individual discretion for the probation service officers, and in that case how? 2) Does the motivational treatment program, MIK, influence the probation officers’ professionalism and their professional role? 3) What advantages and disadvantages do the probation service officers consider MIK being related to? The method conducted in the study was interviews with five probation service officers in Stockholm. The interviews were combined with a theoretical framework based on themes as organization, professional role, professionalism and motivation. The result showed that probation officers consider themselves to have a relatively high discretion within their work. They also think that work with treatment programs generally increases their professionalism and it provides a more distinct professional role in meeting with clients. An advantage of MIK is that it is more suited to the client. A disadvantage is that it can be perceived as difficult to know how big effect the program will have in the long term.

Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga Kriminalvårdens motivationshöjande insats MIK, motiverande samtal inom Kriminalvården. För att besvara syftet utformades tre frågeställningar: Hur genomförs MIK? Hur arbetar programledarna konkret med klienternas motivation inom MIK? Vilka faktorer har stor påverkan på klienternas motivation, enligt programledarna? Semi- strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex programledare, både på anstalt och frivårdskontor. Resultatet utgörs av en detaljerad kartläggning av MIK och att de faktorer som är viktiga för klienternas motivation är mål, motstånd och rutiner. / The purpose of this study was to survey Kriminalvården’s motivation enhancing effort, MIK, motivational interviewing at Kriminalvården. For this purpose three questions were formulated: How is MIK performed? How do the program leaders work on a daily basis with the clients motivation within MIK? Which factors have the most impact on the client’s motivation, according to the program leaders? Semi-structured interviews were carried out with six program leaders, both at institution and probational offices. The results show a detailed survey over MIK, and that the important factors for the clients’ motivation are goals, resistance and their routines.

Det här är en systematisk litteraturstudie i syfte att utforska hur begreppen och förmågorna källkritik, informationskompetens och kritiskt tänkande tas upp och arbetas med i dagens skola. Vi har här utgått från tre frågeställningar som är: Hur arbetar lärare och elever med att utveckla sin informationskompetens i grundskolan? Vilka undervisningsstrategier används i dagens skola om källkritik och kritiskt tänkande? Varför bör skolan och lärare undervisa i källkritik och kritiskt tänkande? Vi har i denna studie använt oss av databassökning och manuell sökning för att få fram ett sådant bra utbud av litteratur som möjligt. Resultatet av forskningen visade att dessa begrepp är svåra att arbeta med då de är ytterst komplexa. Lärare bör ha dessa begrepp i åtanke under all typ av undervisning som sker i skolan då det har blivit allt viktigare att vara källkritiskt och ha ett kritiskt tänkande i dagens samhälle. Det framgick även i studien att lärare och bibliotekarier anser att det är svårt att veta vems ansvar det är att lära ut om dessa begrepp/förmågor.

The purpose of this dissertation is to examine a number ofaspects of the Swedish public library system in relation to aproposed future assignment in the Swedish total defenseorganization. The first aspect is if there exist a consensus amongemployees in the Swedish public library system on what such atotal defense assignment could be. The second and third aspectsare how Swedish public libraries currently work to convey media and information literacy (MIL) and to counteract exclusion fromsociety. The final aspect examined is how practices based onthese objectives can be adapted for an assignment for theSwedish library system within the Swedish total defenseorganization. The study is based on thematic analysis ofempirical data collected through six interviews with librariansand administrators working at public libraries in Sweden. Practice theory have been used to understand how the conceptsof MIL and social infrastructure are translated into action in theday-to-day activities at public libraries. The analysis shows thatthere is currently no clear consensus among the participants inthe study on what a total defense assignment could be, or what it would mean for the Swedish public library system. Furthermore,the participants in this study make a distinction between theterms or theories of MIL and social infrastructure and thepractice thereof. The terms and theories are used in controldocuments such as the local library plans, but not in theplanning and execution of the day-to-day work. This despite theparticipants' assertions that both MIL and the libraries’ role asSocial Infrastructure are foundational to the Swedish librarysystem.

The aim of this essay is to explore the concept of kindergarten libraries that is becoming a more frequent collaboration method between public libraries and preschools in Sweden. Situated between the sphere of public libraries and preschools, the kindergarten library is a bridge between two relationship professions as well as part of both political efforts and investments for providing books to kindergartens. This study investigates this relationship, the librarians’ roles that take form within this work and what kind of literacy that is being promoted to young children. Two qualitative group interviews were conducted with librarians who work as coordinators for the kindergarten libraries in different municipalities. The empirical material was then coded through Maj Klasson’s model of librarian roles. The results show that while the relationship is one of support, and that both professions work with a common interest in what is best for the children, librarians initiate and coordinate the kindergarten libraries but leave the majority of the literacy content to the preschool teachers. In such, the book is highly valued to be the center of the kindergarten library but other literary skills are overlooked.

Swedish public libraries offer different kinds of digital help for their users. Sometimes by ”digital drop in” or ”smartphone courses”, and sometimes spontaneously at the reference desk. This study investigates librarians’ experience of helping users with non-traditiontal library questions, for example: banking issues and smartphone problems. Four librarians were interviewed and a phenomengraphical theoretical approach was taken. In the beginning of the interviews the informants was asked to define what digital questions are for them which resulted in a broad definition that included for example: Youtube, copying, e-mail, e-books, wifi, virtual reality and information seeking. The interviews were transcribed and then categorized in four themes that was especially prominent: definition of digital questions, what should the library help with, librarians competence for digital questions and digital help at the library related to the democracy mission. Because of the phenomengraphical approach the study focused on the librarians experience of digital questions as a phenomenon rather than on describing the digital activities the libraries offers itself. The result showed, among other things, that the librarians in this study experience digital help at libraries as an important task and describes it as relevant for the libraries mission of prevent digital alienation. The informants also problematize banking issues as a phenomenon at libraries in the light of legal and ethical dilemmas.

Medie- och informationskunskap samt medieutbildning har blivit ett omtalat fenomen, inte bara i skolan utan likaså allmänt som en förutsättning för demokrati. Kontakten med media sker förutom via de klassiska medierna så som radio, TV och tidningar, idag även via internet genom datorer, smarta telefoner och surfplattor. Skolan har inte längre monopol på lärandet utan mycket sker utanför skolan, på fritiden, och just genom medier av olika slag. Därför kan skolan behöva använda sig av elevernas verklighet i undervisningen, utan att för den skull ge sig hän åt underhållning. Kunnighet om media på olika plan blir allt viktigare och ger eleverna möjlighet att se bortom budskapen som vill påverka dem i en viss riktning. I den bästa av världar kan eleverna dessutom bli inte bara konsumenter utan dessutom producenter av media.   Medieutbildning genomsyrar styrdokumenten i skolan och syftet med den här uppsatsen är att fokusera på bildämnet som är ett kärnämne när det gäller mediekunskap på grund av sitt fokus på bilder och bildproduktion. Bildämnet har sedan ett par decennier tillbaka i styrdokumenten övergått från att vara enbart ett konstnärligt ämne till att vara ett kommunikationsämne där även det konstnärliga kan användas som en inspiration och ett budskap men där just kommunikationens syfte och användningsområden får mer fokus. I uppsatsens kunskapsöversikt kan anas att bildämnets övergång till kommunikationsämne inte riktigt implementerats i alla klassrum trots att styrdokumenten är tydliga vad gäller detta både i kunskapskraven och i skolans uppdrag.   Resultatet redovisas utifrån ett för skolans medieutbildning framarbetat dokument och visar på att de informanter som intervjuats arbetar med medie- och informationskunskap i bildämnet, på olika sätt och med olika förutsättningar. Eleverna får arbeta med analys av olika sorters bilder, göra foto- och filmarbeten eller tredimensionella uttryck som alla ska kommunicera budskap på något sätt. Svårigheter som nämns är tillgång på digital teknik men också informanternas egen kunskap och utbildning i detsamma, både hårdvara och mjukvara. Detta väcker i sin tur funderingar om högskolornas bildlärarutbildning, om generationsskiften och framtida utmaningar.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T14:02:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 246286 bytes, checksum: 24b6bc922bcc1a1396d53930fb1a6ad4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-01 / The objective of this study was to identify and interprete indicators of technical and economical efficiency of 22 milk producing farms that participate in the Programa de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária Leiteira da Região de Viçosa (PDPL-RV) (Dairy Cattle Development Program of the Viçosa Region). Data were collected from January to December 2006 and set into a specific program for the calculation of the production cost, thus determining the descriptive statistics of the characteristics of size, technical and economical. The systems studied showed a great variation of size, with coefficients of 76.57% for the daily production, 79.03% for the area used for cattle, and 71.16% for the total number of cows. The production systems had a mean profitability of 4- 5% per year, whith an invested capital of R$709.09 for a daily productin of a liter of milk. The linear regression equations were also determined, based on the return rate of the invested capital in the activity. Only three economical indicators showed a dependence relation as to be return rate of the capital: effective operational cost/milk price, total operational cost/milk price, and expense with concentrate in the activity/gross revenue from the milk. Finally, the farms were grouped according with the values of the indicators of the techinical and the economical efficiency characterizing factors that affect the financial profitability of the dairy activity. Hence, the best results were obtained with production systems that use the resources more efficiently, with greater areas, animals and labor productivities. / Objetivou-se com este estudo identificar e interpretar indicadores de eficiência técnica e econômica de 22 fazendas produtoras de leite que participam do Programa de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária Leiteira da Região de Viçosa (PDPL-RV). Os dados foram coletados de janeiro a dezembro de 2006 e lançados em um programa específico para cálculo de custo de produção, determinando assim as estatísticas descritivas das características de tamanho, técnicas e econômicas. Os sistemas estudados apresentaram grande variação de tamanho, com coeficientes de 76,57% para produção diária, 79,03% para área utilizada na pecuária e 71,16% para número de vacas totais. Os sistemas de produção tiveram rentabilidade média de 4,5% ao ano, com capital investido de R$709,09 para produção diária de um litro de leite. Foram determinadas também as equações de regressão linear de todos os indicadores, em função da taxa de retorno do capital investido na atividade. Apenas três indicadores econômicos apresentaram relação de dependência com a taxa de retorno do capital: custo operacional efetivo/ preço do leite, custo operacional total/preço do leite e gasto com concentrado na atividade/renda bruta com leite. Por fim, as propriedades foram agrupadas de acordo com os valores dos indicadores de eficiência técnica e econômica, caracterizando fatores que afetam a rentabilidade financeira da atividade leiteira. Com isso, constatou-se que os melhores resultados foram obtidos por sistemas de produção que utilizam mais eficientemente os recursos, com maiores produtividades de terra, animais e mão-de-obra.

The target of the thesis was to find out the way of alimentation of the child up to the age of three years in the family, if the nurses inform the mothers of the children up to the age of three years about the principles of the correct alimentation of their child and to create the education and information in the field of principles of correct nutrition of the child up to the age of three years. These targets were achieved. In the quantitative research examination, the research complex consisted of a general and children nurse, and mothers of children up to the age of three years from all 123 consulting rooms of physicians for the children and young people (pediatrists) in the South Bohemian Region. 123 questionnaires for nurses and 1230 questionnaires for mothers of children up to three years of age were distributed. 85 questionnaires for nurses and 360 questionnaires for mothers were used for the research. It follows from the results of the research examination that mothers are well informed about the correct way of alimentation of their child in the consulting rooms of practical physicians for children and young people and they observe the recommended principles of the correct nutrition of their child. It follows from the research examination of nurses that there are not unified opinions in introducing some kinds of food into the nutrition of sucklings and toddlers, first of all concerning the pasteurised cow milk, fat and cholesterol. The answers of nurses and mothers in the research examination were the base for elaboration of the educational manual for the parents ? especially for mothers and a standard for the nutrition of children up to there years.