Combining Facts and Values in Environmental Impact Assessment- Apply for KaoKaoPing Basin Water Resource Plan Abstract Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process that empowers public to involve public affairs. It starts from 1994. Due to governor didn¡¦t give a real power to public, so conflict haven¡¦t stopped. On the other side, public policy mix subjective value and objective fact in one, it causes problems when decision was made. How to resolve the conflict is a problem that governor need to know. This study will focus on this issue, and try to provide a answer. SAGE(Social judgment capturing -- Adaptive -- Goals-achievement -- Environmental assessment, SAGE)can separate value from fact first, and then combine two factor in one formula to get the best alternative. In subjective one, it base on Social Judgment Theory (SJT). This study gets three objectives from thesis, environmental and ecological conservation, economic effect, and social fair. It is a basement that the stakeholder uses by to make a judgment. In this study, each objective has three attributes. The objectives also contact with attributes and goals. And then, It can produce two kind of data, the one is subjective value weight and function type. It can display how the stakeholder judges. Get this information can help us to resolve the conflict between two groups who have different value preference. This study shows that different decision groups that base on different area have the same value preference. ¡¥Environmental and ecological conservation¡¦ get the highest value weight, the second is ¡¥social fair¡¦, the third is ¡¥economic effect¡¦. Finally, this study gets the better alternative, It gets the higher score in three attribute of the objective, so plus value weight it also has the higher score. Key word: SAGE, SJT, EIA

For the last few years, the financial imbalance and the environmental deterioration are gradually serious in the various level of government. The formulating process of environmental and financial policies usually neglects the viewpoints of the interested stakeholders so that the insufficient policy information causes the policy deviation and even further leads to the gaps between the policy performance and the expected target. Additionally the ¡§green tax reform¡¨ has become the trend worldwide. In the past few years, various countries gradually switch from administrative control to tax measures to facilitate the environmental protection. Through economic incentives and market mechanism, it will more effectively achieve the goal of industrial greening and will produce the double dividend in the improvement of environmental quality and the distortion alleviation of tax system. The research studies the contents of the environment related tax (fee) system and the green tax reform or the green reform experiences in the European countries and the States, meanwhile the research takes Kaohsiung city as empirical case. Besides the research applies the social judgment theory (SJT), SAGE and one-way analysis of variance to separately evaluate the acceptability of current implemented improvement plan for the income application mechanism of air pollution control fee and to study the viewpoints on special tax and temporary tax imposed by Kaohsiung city. The results of empirical study find out the tested interested stakeholders or groups prefer the income application mechanism of air pollution control fee to be changed toward the mechanism of complete gaining and expenditure. There are no significant gaps in the recognition consistence of the related interested stakeholders. In addition, no significant gaps are occurred in the judging similarity value or judging principle similarity value among interested stakeholders. In the meantime the tested interested stakeholders also support the Kaohsiung city government imposes the special tax and temporary tax in the future. The results and suggestions indicate the tax could be levied including special petroleum refining tax, special steel refining tax, special noise pollution tax in the civil airport, special road maintenance tax of incoming and outgoing container cars in the harbor, resident income special tax, temporary vendors management tax in the evening retail market, temporary tax of construction produced soil and temporary tax of residential and land renewal and development. There are no significant gaps existed in the opinions of tested interested stakeholders on special tax levy. However the gaps are occurred in the opinions of temporary tax levy, it may be because of tax object and levied procedure or being limited by tested samples so that different age groups or occupation or resided administrative district produce different results. Additionally the research suggests to increase the business tax rate, to conduct the complete reform of financial income and expenditure, to revise the commodity tax statutes, Air Pollution Control Act, Statutes for Upgrading Industries and local tax and duty regulations, to enhance the environmental effect of consumption tax including the business tax and commodity tax with hope of establishing the sound environmental financial system, environmental order and financial discipline. Since the research is restricted by time factor and the sample is not easily controlled, the research doesn¡¦t conduct the further in-depth study in the parts of recognition feedback effect and the comparison or integration of information integration theory. However these parts can be used as the directions of subsequent studies.

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With the coming of globalization and knowledge of economy that may hence the flows of goods, finance, and people as well as the rapid changes of work force structures, many countries are starting to look for international professionals. In Taiwan, we are encountering unclear immigration policy, low birthrate, disproportionate new immigrants and industrial transformation. Therefore, it is vital to come up with an effective policy to attract foreign professionals to migrate into Taiwan for meeting the demand of industries and improve population quality. Based on ¡§Public Affairs Management Integrated Reference Framework,¡¨ this study analyzed the current difficulties and critical problems of Taiwan authority¡¦s policy for foreign professionals. Through research and discussion from domestic and overseas references, it summarized four critical cues that may affect professionals¡¦ migration. These cues are ¡§the openness of immigration regulations,¡¨ ¡§innovation of working environment,¡¨ ¡§internationalization of society and culture¡¨ and ¡§tax reduction.¡¨ With the research method of Social Judgment Theory, it treated policy stakeholders as its respondents including government staff in central government, Taipei City and Kaohsiung City and local citizens and foreign residents from Taipei City and Kaohsiung City to examine whether the disparate groups have different cognitions toward the four cues. The findings are as follows: 1. In the average weights, all groups pay the most attention to ¡§tax reduction,¡¨ followed by ¡§innovation of working environment,¡¨ ¡§internationalization of society and culture¡¨ and ¡§openness of immigration regulations.¡¨ 2. In the judgment functions, all groups have positive attitudes toward the four cues; this indicates that all groups considered the incentive of the four cues are ¡§The more, the better.¡¨ 3. In the description questions, 55% respondents don¡¦t agree that they realize the current foreign professionals¡¦ policies. Among them, 23% are government staff. 97.6% respondents agree that the political stability affects the willingness of foreign professionals to migrate into Taiwan. 4. There are two statistical findings in one-way ANOVA: (1) All groups have significant differences in ¡§openness of immigration regulations¡¨ and ¡§innovation of working environment.¡¨ (2) There are significant differences in ¡§openness of immigration regulations¡¨ and ¡§innovation of working environment¡¨ among government staff, local citizens and foreign residents in Kaohsiung City and Taipei City 5. There are two statistical findings in t-test: (1) It is insignificant in the four cues between the decision groups in Taipei City and Kaohsiung City. (2) There are significant differences in ¡§innovation of working environment,¡¨ ¡§internationalization of society and culture¡¨ between central and local government staff.

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Tidigare forskning har varit oenig gällande vad ett SJT (situational judgment test) mäter. Studiens syfte är att undersöka vad SJT mäter genom att korrelera SJT-poängen med poängen på personlighets- respektive begåvningstest. Ytterligare en frågeställning är huruvida SJT skulle kunna vara ett användbart komplement till övriga arbetspsykologiska test. Totalt genomförde 130 personer fyra olika test; ett SJT, ett personlighetstest samt två begåvningstest (ett logiskt och ett matematiskt test). Resultatet av en regressionsanalys, med poängen på conscientiousness, agreeableness och g-faktorn som prediktorer av SJT-poäng, gav R = .31 och Adj R2 = .07. I linje med ett flertal andra studier blev conscientiousness och g-faktorn signifikanta prediktorer till SJT. Ytterligare studier krävs dock för att bekräfta vilket konstrukt SJT faktiskt mäter.

A new approach was taken to identify a specific construct or dimension being measured by a video-based situational judgment test (VBSJT). Appropriate exertion of control was specifically explored in relation to a VBSJT test designed for entry-level selection of law enforcement officers. Ratings from ten law enforcement experts were utilized to identify this construct. The VBSJT items scored toward overexertion of control were significantly related to performance (r = .23) in a sample of 334 incumbent police officers, capturing a large portion of the effective variance of the test which had an overall validity of r = .34. Situational variables within the items were then compared to ratings of exertion of control within a sample of 5426 applicants. General provocation toward overexertion of control and ethnicity significantly affected appropriate exertion of control. Gender and likeability also had significant impact on appropriate exertion, but the practical significance was limited. Specific character manipulations (i.e., rudeness, aggressiveness, pleasantness, cooperativeness, sympathy, and suspiciousness) also had a significant impact on appropriate exertion of control. Specific information manipulations (i.e., warrants, complaints, contemptible crimes and laws being broken) also had an impact on appropriate exertion of control. Some unexpected findings suggest that the character manipulations may actually override the effect of other provocation. The overexertion of control scale was also applied to test hypotheses about the likely behavior of police officers. It was found that the location of the organization had an affect on overexertion of control. Contrary to the hypothesis, suburban locations had more overexertion of control than urban locations. Length of tenure for police officers did not have an effect on overexertion of control. This difference did not affect validity across organizations. Implications and further research are discussed. / Ph. D.

This research attempts to confirm the reliability and construct validity of a personnel selection instrument called a Situational Judgment Test (SJT) through reliability analysis and factor analysis. The existing literature on SJTs is reviewed, including the advantages of using SJTs in personnel selection as well as the debate on whether SJTs measure a single construct or whether they can be multidimensional depending on the content. The specific SJT in this research was theoretically developed and received expert ratings to assess four general constructs: problem solving, planning, priority setting, and leadership. No support from alpha internal consistency reliability analysis was found for the assembly of these items into the four a priori subscales, thus assembly of these items into the theoretical subscales and scales was not supported.

As a result of both demographic and social changes in the U.S., organizations have become much more diverse. Diversity presents unique challenges for management as it is linked to both positive and negative organizational performance outcomes (Mannix & Neale, 2005). Diversity, by itself, may not be sufficient to achieve competitive advantage. Effective diversity management becomes an important issue for organizations to consider. The current research uses Situational Judgment Test (SJT) methodology to develop an assessment measuring Diversity Management Skill. The development of a SJT involves a three-step process: Creation of critical incidents, generation of response options, and use of SME response option ratings to determine scoring. The Diversity Management Skill SJT displays promising results and is an effective predictor of diversity performance.