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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990. / Thesis Advisor(s): Janaswamy, Ramakrishna. Second Reader: Knorr, Jeffrey B. "June 1990." Description based on title page as viewed on October 16, 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Slot Lines, Bilateral Slotlines, Asymmetric Slotlines, Computer Programs, Slot Antennas. Author(s) subject terms: Characteristics of Single-Sided Slotline, Bilateral Slotline, Asymmetric Slotline. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42). Also available in print.

Novel printed slot antennas are demonstrated in this thesis. For the linear polarization design, CPW-fed strip-loaded square slot antenna is presented for achieving broadband operations. For the circular polarization, two novel antenna designs are also presented¡Fone is a CPW-fed square slot antenna with an inverted L tunning stub, and the other is a microstrip line-fed square slot antenna with a conducting strip from ground plane for broadband circularly polarized radiation. Finally, an antenna design having compact size and broadband characteristic is shown.

Novel designs of printed slot antennas have been investigated in this dissertation. For the linearly polarized designs, the study of single-feed dual-frequency printed slot antennas with an open-ring conducting strip is first presented. In addition, a novel design of dual-frequency dual-loop printed slot antenna is described. As for the broadband printed slot antenna designs, a printed semicircular slot antenna with a microstripline feed is shown. The impedance bandwidth obtained reaches about 46%. For the circularly polarized designs, we propose a circularly polarized microstrip antenna with an asymmetry of the antenna structure. By choosing a suitable meandered slot, CP operation can be obtained. Finally, we apply the design concept of CP operation using a shorted section to achieve a circularly polarized printed slot antenna design. The obtained CP bandwidth of this design is greater than 8%.

Novel compact antenna designs for WiMAX (Worldwide interoperability for microwave access) operation in the mobile phone are presented in this thesis. In the first design, the antenna is integrated at one corner of system circuit board of the mobile phone and consists of two radiating portions; the monopole slot is formed by integrating the two portions. In the second design, two different antenna structures are used to achieve all WiMAX operating bands. Finally, in the third design, the chip antenna comprises a resonant monopole patch, a resonant shorter slot and a matching longer slot. The latter two slots are embedded within the monopole patch to achieve a compact integration. Detailed antenna designs and experimental results are presented and discussed.

Σκοπός αυτής της διπλωματικής είναι η μελέτη, σχεδίαση και εξομοίωση κεραιών σχισμής τα χαρακτηριστικά των οποίων τις καθιστούν κατάλληλες για φορητές τερματικές συσκευές. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια σύντομη αναφορά σε βασικές έννοιες της θεωρίας κεραιών, στις ηλεκτρικά μικρές κεραίες αλλά και στην αρχή του Babinet. Στόχος αυτού του κεφαλαίου είναι να συμβάλλει στην καλύτερη κατανόηση του περιεχομένου των επόμενων κεφαλαίων. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρατίθενται κάποιες από τις πιο ευρέως διαδεδομένες υπάρχουσες γεωμετρίες κεραιών σχισμής, οι οποίες κατηγοριοποιούνται κυρίως ως προς το εύρος του φάσματος λειτουργίας τους. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο μελετάται μια βασική κεραία σχισμής, η κεραία ορθογώνιας σχισμής με τροφοδοσία συνεπίπεδου κυματοδηγού αλλά και μια πολύ ενδιαφέρουσα παραλλαγή της η οποία περιλαμβάνει ένα ζεύγος ορθογώνιων παρασιτικών στοιχείων. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο μελετώνται οι κεραίες σχισμής μονής ζώνης λειτουργίας. Στα πλαίσια αυτής της μελέτης παρουσιάζονται συγκριτικά τα αποτελέσματα από τη σχεδίαση και εξομοίωση μιας κεραίας ζεύγους σχισμών σχήματος δακτυλίου και σχήματος κύκλου αντίστοιχα. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο μελετώνται οι κεραίες σχισμής διπλής ζώνης λειτουργίας. Για το σκοπό αυτό σχεδιάστηκαν και εξομοιώθηκαν μια κεραία ζεύγους σχισμών σχήματος μονόπολου και μια κεραία σχισμής σχήματος βρόχου. Το περιεχόμενο του έκτου κεφαλαίου είναι η ανάλυση της συμπεριφοράς των κεραιών σχισμής ευρυζωνικής λειτουργίας. Αυτό επιτυγχάνεται μέσα από την μελέτη μιας κεραίας ρομβοειδούς σχισμής με ζεύγος μεταλλικών παρασιτικών στοιχειών, μια κεραία τοξοτής σχισμής καθώς και μια κεραία τριγωνικής σχισμής με ζεύγος τροφοδοσίας. Στο έβδομο κεφάλαιο μελετώνται οι υπερευρυζωνικές κεραίες σχισμής. Για το σκοπό αυτό σχεδιάστηκαν και εξομοιώθηκαν μια κεραία ελλειπτικής σχισμής με τροφοδοσία συνεπίπεδου κυματοδηγού και μια κεραίας ελλειπτικής σχισμής με στέλεχος προσαρμογής σχήματος U. Το όγδοο κεφάλαιο που έχει ως στόχο την μελέτη των κεραιών σχισμής που χρησιμοποιούνται σε χιλιοστομετρικές εφαρμογές περιλαμβάνει τα αποτελέσματα της σχεδίασης και εξομοίωσης μιας κεραίας κυκλικής σχισμής με τροφοδοσία μικροταινιακής γραμμής μεταφοράς. Τέλος στο ένατο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια συνοπτική παρουσίαση των αποτελεσμάτων και παρατίθενται συμπεράσματα και προτάσεις για μελλοντική ενασχόληση στην περιοχή των κεραιών σχισμής. / This diploma thesis includes the analysis, design and simulation of slot antennas for portable terminal devices. In this thesis is presented a variety of slot antennas including single and dual band slot antennas, wideband and ultra wideband antennas as well as slot antennas for millimetre-wave applications.

This Thesis presents the design and development of a reconfigurable both in frequency and radiation pattern Annular Slot Antenna (ASA). The antenna is fabricated on Duroid with dielectric constant 6.15. The ASA operates in three different frequencies: 5.2, 5.8 and 6.4 GHz. The matching at those frequencies is achieved using linear stubs. PIN diodes are used as switches to connect/disconnect the stubs to the microstip feed line. The use of PIN diodes along the slot allows the steering of the radiation pattern and therefore the position of a radiation pattern null is directed in three pre-selected directions.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of changes in the physical parameters of tapered slot antennas (TSA) on their radiation characteristics and also to explore the possibility of reconfiguration in the radiation pattern of TSA by switching between two different types of tapering. There are mainly three physical parameters that affect the radiation pattern of TSAs. These are antenna length, aperture width and the ground extension. After designing a wideband microstrip line to slot line transition, the effect of antenna parameter variations on the beamwidth and sidelobe level of the antenna are investigated through the use of a commercially available electromagnetic simulation software HFSS by ANSOFT. The radiation characteristics of constant width slot antennas (CWSA) and linearly tapered slot antennas (LTSA) are compared. It is observed that CWSAs exhibit narrower beamwidth and higher sidelobe level whereas linearly tapered slot antennas (LTSA) have wider beamwidth with lower sidelobe level compared to each other. A novel switching architecture between CWSA and LTSA is proposed to obtain a reconfigurable antenna.

In this dissertation, different from the conventional PIFA structure, the novel internal loop and slot antennas suitable for multiband mobile phone application are proposed. The loop antennas here use the technique of meandering the loop pattern to control the frequency ratio of the three resonant loop modes, and then the multiband operation can be obtained. For the slot antenna, different from the conventional slot antenna operating in a half-wavelength, the monopole slots antenna operating in it¡¦s quarter-wavelength mode are proposed. By properly adjusting the position of the monopole slot and the tuning stub of the microstrip feedline, the monopole slot antenna can achieve the multiband operation with a small occupied area in the mobile phone. In addition, the user¡¦s hand and head effects on the loop antenna are also studied. The obtained results indicate that, when the user¡¦s hand and head is close to or cover a certain portion of the antenna, large decrease in the antenna¡¦s radiation efficiency and great distortion in the antenna¡¦s radiation pattern will occur for all the three excited resonant modes of the loop antenna, no matter the unbalanced or balanced modes. Further, the efficiency drops caused by the user¡¦s hand and head over the GSM900 band are much larger than that over the GSM1800/1900 bands.

Two novel internal WWAN antennas having multi-band operation capability and suitable to be embedded in the laptop computers are proposed. The first antenna is a penta-band printed monopole slot antenna, which can cover GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS operation. The second antenna is a penta-band printed dual-loop antenna. The antenna can cover GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS operation and occupies a small size. The effects of the environment and the user¡¦s hand on the internal laptop computer antenna are also studied. Take the first antenna as an example; the obtained results show that the effects of the internal environment of the laptop computer are mostly on the antenna¡¦s impedance matching, which however can be improved by adjusting the parameters of the antenna. On the other hand, since the user¡¦s hands are lossy materials, a decrease in the antenna¡¦s radiation efficiency is observed when the user¡¦s hand is in the vicinity of the internal antenna.