Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-12-10T16:58:20Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T16:58:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-12-10T16:58:20Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T16:58:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O descarte de resíduos químicos é uma prática lesiva ao meio ambiente e à saúde da população. Nesse trabalho foi realizado levantamento dos impactos socioambientais com base nos registros de descartes de resíduos químicos da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo - CETESB, no período de 2005 a 2013, tomando como referência a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo - RMSP, em especial as cidades de São Paulo e Guarulhos. Dentre os resultados que nortearam o trabalho se destacam a caracterização da prática de descarte de resíduos químicos, sobrepondo a mapas temáticos georreferenciados de rodovias e recursos hídricos. Também por meio de pesquisa dirigida aos principais atores intervenientes dos cenários acidentais,foi possível conhecer os processos atuais de intervenção e de tratamento, aplicados nos descartes de resíduos químicos nas esferas municipais e estaduais. Nesse contexto, o Decreto Estadual nº 59.263/2013, que regulamenta a Lei nº 13.577/2009 sobre a proteção da qualidade do solo e gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas criou o Fundo Estadual para Prevenção e Remediação de Áreas Contaminadas (FEPRAC), destinado à identificação e remediação das áreas órfãs. O FEPRAC apresentase como um instrumento econômico capaz de elidir o perigo nos casos de emergências químicas envolvendo o descarte de resíduos sem a identificação do responsável. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

In this study, the accuracy of predicted psycho-socio-economic impacts resulting from mining and infrastructure projects is investigated by comparing it to impacts shown to actually occur. A systems theoretical approach was followed in conjunction with a qualitative methodology in order to conceptualise impacts in the social systems they occur. Data was collected through a document review (which included a total of 17 documents pertaining to predicted impacts, and 24 documents pertaining to actual impacts) and analysed by means of thematic analysis, which rendered four main themes and 20 subthemes. The findings of the thematic analysis were subjected to second-order analysis, which enabled the categorisation of impacts according to the level of accuracy with which they are predicted. To understand why some impacts are incorrectly predicted, a third-order analysis was performed. The study suggests that many of the commonly predicted psycho-socio-economic impacts are less accurate than what they should ideally be, suggesting that some of the assumptions on which these predictions are based should be revised, as should the conceptualisation of the impacts. The researcher argues that, in order to make accurate predictions about the impacts resulting from mining and infrastructure projects, sufficient knowledge of the attributes of the project, the nature of the receiving environment, the causal processes by which the project will bring about changes in the receiving environment, and the value systems according to which communities judge whether a specific change constitutes a negative or positive impact, is required. This argument is substantiated by highlighting instances of inaccurate predictions relevant to each category of required information. More fundamentally, however, the researcher argues that inaccurate predictions are the result of inadequate consideration of the systemic nature of psycho-socio-economic impacts and the context in which they occur, precipitated by the incorrect use of the “social impact” metaphor. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Psychology / unrestricted

Na crescente produção acadêmica sobre negócios de impacto social no Brasil, é possível verificar uma lacuna: não se encontram em número significativo estudos que analisem as interações entre negócios de impacto social e o setor público, embora ao mesmo tempo seja possível observar, na prática recente, diversos casos em que essa interação tem se dado. Ao mesmo tempo, ao se analisar a literatura de parcerias intersetoriais, constata-se que são muitos os estudos que analisam parecerias envolvendo de um lado o setor público e de outro o setor privado e/ou ONGs, mas não encontramos estudos que se aprofundem em parcerias entre o setor público e negócios de impacto social. Partindo dessas constatações, esta pesquisa busca jogar luz sobre este fenômeno recente e ainda não profundamente estudado: as relações de parceria que têm surgido entre negócios de impacto social e o setor público no país. Adota-se como método um estudo de casos de tipo instrumental (STAKE, 2006), enfocando três ocorrências recentes desse tipo de interação. Retomando conceitos da literatura de parcerias intersetoriais, a análise destaca os processos de formação e implementação deste tipo específico de parcerias, seus principais resultados e desafios, e identifica temáticas a serem aprofundadas a partir das descobertas deste estudo / In the growing academic production on social impact businesses in Brazil, it is possible to verify a gap: there are not significant numbers of studies that analyze the interactions between social impact businesses and the public sector, although at the same time it is possible to observe, in recent practice, several cases in which this interaction has taken place. At the same time, when analyzing the literature on cross-sector partnerships, it is observed that many studies analyze partnerships involving both the public sector and the private sector and / or NGOs, but we do not find studies that go deeper into partnerships between the public sector and social impact businesses. Based on these findings, this research seeks to shed light on this recent and not yet deeply studied phenomenon: the partnership relationships that have arisen between social impact businesses and the public sector in the country. A case-study of instrumental type (STAKE, 2006) is adopted as a method, focusing on three recent occurrences of this type of interaction. The analysis highlights the processes of formation and implementation of this specific type of partnerships, their main results and challenges, and identifies themes to be explored from the findings of this study

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第23291号 / エネ博第416号 / 新制||エネ||79(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 手塚 哲央, 教授 黒崎 健, 准教授 MCLELLAN Benjamin / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Within the Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) process, Environmental Assessment Practitioners are expected to gather information or evidence in order to formulate decisions on the suitability of development projects as it relates to the environment which takes the form of an Environmental Impact Assessment. The EIA decision-making framework relies mainly on a technocratic-, rationalist or technical-rational approach, which is based largely on cognitive or scientific knowledge. This over-reliance on scientific evidence (evidence-based knowledge) limits the level to which non-scientific evidence (value-based knowledge) is incorporated into the EIA decision-making framework. There is a concern that an over-reliance on evidence-based decision-making will lead to valuable information being overlooked or ignored, resulting in a skewed and fragmented process which could fail in ensuring environmental justice for the citizens of South Africa. The overall methodological approach that was used to achieve the aim and objectives of this study was of a qualitative nature, relying on three main methods, including document analysis, expert interviews and focus group meetings. The literature review provided six thematic areas of interest which was further elaborated during the thematic analysis of the data. One of the key findings of this research was that although the South African legislative framework makes provision for value-based decision-making processes, the EIA decision-making framework in particular is too rigid to incorporate non-scientific knowledge or value-based evidence. The need to shorten the EIA decision-making timeframes to allow for social and economic development in addition other challenges facing the IEM field can also attributed to an over-reliance on a formulaic tick-box approach which limits the incorporation of value-based decision-making in the EIA decision-making process. / Mini Dissertation (MA) University of Pretoria, 2018. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / MA / Unrestricted

Boletín que incluye información científica sobre el COVID-19, incluye artículos científicos, artículos preprint y noticias científicas actualizado al 07 de Mayo de 2020.

Background:  A growing momentum around the potential of impact investing to contribute to development in both environmental and social sustainability has challenged the way business is operating, offering solutions for both the people and planet. Previous studies have claimed that trade-offs between purpose and profit are inevitable in order to successfully achieve sustainability goals, which requires practitioners in the financial discipline to invent new investment approaches to manage dual outcomes. Here, it becomes evident to move beyond trade-offs to avoid that one goal outperforms the other, considered as a vital question to address towards a new investment paradigm.  Purpose:  This study aims to explore the nexus between social impact and financial return, and thus understand the different factors that enable managers in the impact investing industry to successfully manage the trade-offs between pursuing dual values.     Method:  An interpretivist approach is followed throughout the study with an exploratory nature that is used to analyze two company cases. In total, two participants were interviewed through qualitative and semi-structured questions; two managers in the impact investing field.   Conclusion:  The findings reveal the interconnection of impact measurement, values and impact management. The authors have derived a model that graphically represents the Impact-Return Nexus Model (IRNM) which enhances the impact awareness and long-term value creation. The result of this study shows how the synergy between social impact and financial return will improve the performance on both sides. Accordingly, the cases present that a nuanced impact-approach tends to scale both impact and profits.

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / Objectives: Previous studies have indicated that most of the older adult population has poor oral health but only a few of them demand care for their problems. The reason for this discrepancy has never been explained adequately. The obj ectives of the study were, first, to assess the perceived oral health needs (with regards to social, functional and psychological impacts of oral diseases) of older adults aged 55 years and above, second, to assess the oral health status (periodontal disease, dental caries and oral mucosal lesions ) in an adult population aged 55 years and above.Third, compare the relationship between normative and perceived need. Methods: This was a quantitative cross-sectional, descriptive study and consisted of 100 older adults who were randomly selected from three areas in Guguletu. These areas included the home for the aged Ekumphumleni, NYl and NY2 clinics. Participants aged 55 years and above were interviewed using a structured questionnaire consisting of 32 questions and a clinical examination done. Frequency tables were computed and analysed. The relationship between variables like oral health status, perceived need and a variety of socio-demographic variables and measures of psycho-social impact of oral diseases were analysed by using the chi square test and odds ratio. Results: The ability to perceive that they had a problem and the recency of the last visit to the dentist was associated with perceived need for dental care. There was a significant relationship between the presence of symptoms which were painful and perceived need for dental care (mouth, p value=0.015; gums, pvalue=O.OOl; teeth, p value=0.0006) The positive attitude towards dental care and regular dental hygiene was an indicator of positive attitudes towards oral health care. In this study a substantial difference between perceived and normative need was also observed. 88% of the respondents perceived a need for dental care and 99% were assessed as needing treatment (normative need) but only 29% demanded the care. 63% were dissatisfied with their functional ability to chew and expressed a need for dentures. Conclusion: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and perceived oral health needs among older adults in Guguletu. The oral health status was poor in most of the participants and the demand for care was low even though perceived need was high. The study has shown that social, functional and psychological factors influence the demand for care in this adult population. The cost for dental care and access to these services are major barriers to the demand of care.Perceived oral health needs and the impact of oral diseases are important influences in the assessment of oral health needs in the elderly. The assessment of oral health needs as perceived by the elderly facilitates the planning and implementation of dental services with special consideration on the cost and accessibility of oral health care.

Every manufactured product has an environmental impact, a social impact, and an economic impact. As engineers, we should do our best to understand how our design decisions influence these impacts (the three pillars of sustainability), and at the same time make decisions that collectively lead to maximum positive impacts, or minimum negative impacts on the economy, environment, and society. Many times, engineers show interest and want to design for all three pillars of sustainability but are often constrained to focus on the environmental and economic aspects, leaving out social sustainability due to lack of understanding and resources. In practice, this leaves the social dimension of sustainability out of sight and reach for many engineers. So to assist engineers to consider and improve the social impacts of their products, we have created two methods. The first method is focused on meeting customers' unmet needs through the use of collaborative products (a product created by temporarily combining physical components from two or more products to perform new tasks) and the second method is to be used throughout the product development process in order to increase the potential social impacts of the product being designed. It will assist engineers to become aware of social impact categories sometimes overlooked, especially when designing for global engineering. If engineers are able to focus on all three pillars of sustainability early in the design process, including social sustainability, they can add social impact indicators along with technical performance measurements during the product development process and design a product that better meets the requirements for environment, economic, and social sustainability. This is why it is important for engineers to know how to handle the complexity and uncertainty associated with design parameters when creating products for social impacts aimed at global development. In this dissertation, the two methods are outlined and explained. The demonstration of the first method showed that by using the method of collaborative product design to create a brick press, the task-per-cost ratio was improved by 30%. The demonstration of the second method showed that a redesign of the cup seal in the India Mark II/III hand pump system (a product used by approximately 10% of the world's population) could extend the service interval with 12% by replacing the cup seals. Lastly, conclusions related to improving social impacts when engineering for global development and suggestions for future research are outlined.