The results of the fourth part of the Rhodes University Skymap Program are presented. The observations cover the area of sky between right ascension 14h00m and 02h30m and declination -26⁰ and + 13⁰ at a frequency of 2.3 GHz. Contour maps of this region, with a resolution of 0.38⁰, are presented. Various methods of reducing the effect of the Galactic disc emission are analyzed. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of one of these methods in the production of a flat base level. The filamentary structure of the North Polar Spur is enhanced and results are obtained which support current theories of the origin of this object. The HII region surrounding Ophiuchi is examined in detail. A number of parameters are derived for the HII region. The spur associated with the HII region S54 is also examined. A listing of 1105 point sources appearing in the maps is presented. The limiting flux density of this listing is 0.5 Jy

The results of the second part of the Rhodes University Southern Sky Survey at 2.3GHz are presented. The area surveyed extends from 12hOO to 22hOO right ascension between declinations -63º and -24º. The observation technique and data reduction processes are analyzed. Digital data processing techniques used to enhance and display the data are dicussed. The results show that the Galactic emission extends as far as 40º latitude. Filamentary and loop-like structures are found superimposed on this general emission. Many of these features are unidentified as yet. A large region of emission is found to coincide with the Sco-Cen stellar association. A lower limit for the ionizing flux from the stars in the association is derived. All of the non-confused extragalactic sources with flux densities greater than O.5Jy are listed. The flux densities of these sources have been measured and any possible extended features are noted. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (PhD (Botany))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Plant Science / unrestricted

Small populations of animals are vulnerable to the consequences of breeding within a closed group – inbreeding depression and genetic drift lead to reductions in genetic variability, which in turn can give rise to the amplification of deleterious traits. Traditionally, managers attempt to minimise these effects by controlling the genetic structure via a manipulation of the paternal line, in the case of rhinos usually by translocation of breeding and sub-adult bulls. This strategy depends on having access to detailed pedigree data, and, in particular, some knowledge of the parentage of the offspring within the population. This information is particularly difficult to obtain in long-lived, free-ranging populations (particularly for rare and endangered species) where the identity of the father must be inferred from behavioural observations, and often the identity of the mother cannot be determined once juveniles have dispersed. In this thesis I present the results of a study to determine the parentage within a free-ranging, enclosed population of southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) located on Ongava Game Reserve (OGR) in the north of Namibia. I used genetic techniques to obtain a genotype for each animal in the population, and then used detailed reserve management records from the period 1993-2009 to constrain the statistical process of parentage assignment. Using these different methods, I was able to assign both parents for 22 of 23 offspring with 80% confidence (16 of 23 at 95% confidence, mother only in 1 of 23), making this study the first to successfully complete a comprehensive parentage analysis in a free-ranging population of southern white rhinoceros. The key to the success of this study was a combination of accurate pedigree data and a complete set of genotype data. The parentage assignments allowed me to construct a complete lineage diagram for each of the founder matrilines, and further analyse the status and reproductive success of the population. OGR’s southern white rhinoceros population is expanding at close to 14%, well over the expected maximum growth rate for rhinoceros metapopulations (9%). The mean inter-calf interval is about 2.2 years and average age at first parturition is 6 years, indicating good fecundity. Conception is strongly seasonal, occurring mainly (89%) during the rainy season. The current management practice is to replace dominant bulls after their breeding tenure, and also to remove all young bulls from the population before they reach breeding age (with the aim to restrict potential inbreeding). Only one calf of seven in the F2 generation is inbred. My analysis indicates that, at least in the 2006 cohort of eight calves, founder females bred only with the founder male, while offspring females (F1 generation) bred only with introduced males. This suggests some form of mate selection leading to inbreeding avoidance within the population. Finally, there is some evidence that certain matrilines exhibit/experience different reproductive potential (daughters in one matriline exhibit longer inter-calving intervals and male bias in calf birth sex ratios). These details indicate that genetic data provide valuable information for management. When reviewing management decisions to date, I found that one of the founder bulls was the more successful in terms of calves sired (10 of 13). Management had, however, selected the other founder bull for removal by sale based on the assumption that he was behaviourally dominant and territorial and therefore likely to have been more successful at breeding. I also found that introduced bulls were breeding successfully before they appeared to have established territories. Thus these findings challenge the assumption that male white rhinoceros reproductive success is related to dominant, territorial behaviour. I conclude that in order to optimally manage small, free-ranging enclosed populations of southern white rhinoceros it is essential to have reliable and accurate pedigree data (this includes a methodology for identifying individual rhino), as well as genetic data for the entire population. I recommend that conservation management programmes for rhinoceros populations incorporate both genetic and demographic data. This will allow for the development of white rhinoceros population management strategies that attempt to optimize genetic diversity and population health, and benefit the establishment of new, robust populations. Translocations of animals are an important aspect of meta-population management of rhinoceros and data which provides accurate insight into the true mating system and reproductive success within a population allows for the correct selection of individuals for this process. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Zoology and Entomology / Unrestricted

In order to assess the question as to whether the Southern African Development Community in principle attracts foreign direct investment, literature and data have been cited that compared the economic profiles and relative privatisation programs of member states of the Southern African Development Community with relative high inflows of foreign direct investment with the economic profiles and relative privatisation programs of member states with relative low inflows of foreign direct investment. Qualitative research has been conducted, and the author is of opinion that generally the member states with relative high foreign direct investment inflows had economic profiles and relative privatisation programs that encouraged foreign direct investment, and member states with relative low foreign direct investment inflows had economic profiles and relative privatisation programs that deterred foreign direct investment inflows. From the above the author has inferred that the Southern African Development Community in principle attracted foreign direct investment, but not to its full potential. The reason may be that although the member states’ economic profiles are favourable for foreign direct investment, their economic growths tend to fluctuate, and the future economic profiles are therefore unpredictable. With the above in mind this mini-treatise aims to address the question as to what steps the governments of the Southern African Development Community’s member states could follow in order to attract foreign direct investment. iii The author is of opinion that the member states should endeavour to maintain an annual average economic growth rate, and that the governments continue to engage into privatisation programs in order to encourage foreign direct investment.

This study was carried out to document the ethno-veterinary plants and non-plant remedies that farmers used to control dermatophilosis and ticks, and validate these in vitro and in vivo, as well as determine how the interface of Amblyomma variegatum and A. hebraeum affected the epidemiology of bovine dermatophilosis at selected small-holder areas in North-West Zimbabwe. A structured questionnaire survey was used to collect information on the control methods used by farmers for the control of bovine dermatophilosis and ticks. A total of 39 plants were used by farmers for various diseases, eleven of these plants were used for the control of dermatophilosis while three were for tick control. Across the study sites, dermatophilosis was controlled using eleven plants. Among these plants; six plants; Cissus quadrangularis, Catunaregan spinosa, Pterocarpus angolensis Carica papaya, Manihot esculenta and Blumea decurrens which were frequently used were selected for further studies. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to validate the efficacy of these plants. The minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal concentration assays were used for the in vitro validation of C. quadrangularis, C. spinosa and P. angolensis. Dermatophilus congolensis was more sensitive to P. angolensis average MIC = 0.63 mg/ml than to C. quadrangularis average MIC = iii 1.25 mg/ml and C. spinosa average MIC = 2.08 mg/ml. Cissus quadrangularis was selected for in vivo studies as this plant was the one most frequently used by farmers. Its therapeutic efficacy was compared to conventional antibiotics that farmers used to treat dermatophilosis infection. In the in vivo trials C. quadrangularis did not lead to appreciable reduction in clinical disease compared to the conventional drugs. The larval packet assay was the in vitro assay used to validate the efficacy of Carica papaya, Manihot esculenta and Blumea decurrens against larvae of A. hebraeum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Manihot esculenta at 20 % w/v exhibited the highest larvicidal activity against R. appendiculatus. In the in vivo study, efficacy of the plants were investigated on naturally tick-infested cattle. Mannihot esculenta exhibited the largest tick load reduction compared to the other two plants but its performance was lower than that of conventional acaricides. The effect of A. variegatum and A. hebraeum on bovine dermatophilosis was investigated by evaluating how the presence or absence of these ticks and other herd level risk factors predicted clinical dermatophilosis and its prevalence at herd level. A structured questionnaire survey was carried out to collect data on potential risk factors. At the same time, cattle were physically examined for the presence of bovine dermatophilosis, according to a pre-defined case definition, and presence or absence of Amblyomma ticks was also recorded. The multivariable binary logistic model was developed with disease status as outcome, tick presence and infestion and herd level risk factors as predictors. Of the herds examined clinical bovine dermatophilosis was detected in 45% (84/185; 95% CI: 38.2, 52.6%) of them. Herds infested with Amblyomma variegatum were associated with higher odds (OR= 6.8; iv 95% CI: 1.71, 27.10) of clinical dermatophilosis while the association was not significant (P > 0.05) in A. hebraeum infested herds. It was concluded that management practices aimed at movement and tick control would help reduce the prevalence of clinical dermatophilosis in herds.

This thesis examines the whole range of archaeological material available for the period, from burials, votive hoards and settlements, to reconstruct the long-term social development of that area. The first section deals with the representativity of the material from the three contexts to establish the biases in retrieval of information from the potential for social inferences. The second section elaborates the chronological, spatial and arftefactual relationships among the depositional contexts, to provide a basis for an integrated analysis of contexts. The third section documents the long-term social changes observable in burial practices, votive deposits and settlements. It is concluded from the changing relations within and between contexts that these societies evolved in a series of social and economic cycles of growth and decline in production and consumption. This has implications for the study of pre-capitalist forms of growth and wealth accumulation and also for our understanding of the fall of the western Roman Empire and the Germanic migrations to Britain.

Within a restricted geographical area of British Columbia, a detailed examination was conducted in I960 and 1961 of 9-lakes having similar morphometric and climatic influences, but exhibiting a wide dissolved nutrient range (50 to 1460 ppm). Attempts were made to relate total dissolved solids as well as other chemical and physical indices, to biological factors indicating or influencing lake productivity. Measurements were made of standing crops of plankton, bottom fauna and fish as well as hypolimnial oxygen deficits, sedimentation rates and gross primary productivity. Standing crops of plankton appeared related to oxygen deficits and perimeter to area ratios. Furthermore, total dissolved solid content correlated with gross primary productivity estimates based on Light and Dark Bottle techniques. Total dissolved solid content of lakes was not correlated with standing crops of plankton, bottom fauna or fish. Ranking of selected physical or chemical indices of productivity failed to agree with ranking based on standing crops or other biological measurements of productivity. A number of possible factors which interact to modify the expression of primary correlates of productivity are discussed. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The main body of the thesis concerns itself with the beliefs and characteristics of Southern Protestantism as they appear in the fiction of Flannery O'Connor.

No description available.