O objetivo desta dissertação é testar o modelo de salário eficiência (shirking model) para a indústria brasileira de construção civil e seus subsetores. Esta versão do modelo de salário eficiência assume a existência de uma relação negativa entre salários e supervisão. A investigação empírica está centrada sobre a variável span of control (razão supervisores/ supervisionados) como proxy para intensidade de supervisão. Os dados utilizados para o teste de hipótese desta teoria são os da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais para os anos de 2012 e 2013. Como novidade em relação aos trabalhos anteriores, utilizamos os dados da RAIS em uma estrutura de painel de indivíduos para o período, controlando tanto os possíveis vieses de variável omitida (efeito fixo) como o de simultaneidade (span of control), bem como os dados referentes aos subsetores que constituem o setor da construção civil (construção de edifícios, obras de infraestrutura e serviços especializados para construção). Conclui-se que a hipótese de salário eficiência é corroborada pelos dados tanto para o setor como um todo como para seus subsetores. / The objective of this dissertation is to test the efficiency wage model (shirking version) to Brazilian civil construction industry and its subsectors. This version of the efficiency wage model defends the existence of a negative relationship between wages and supervision. The empirical research is focused on the variable span of control (ratio supervisors /staff) as a proxy for supervision intensity. The data used are from "Relação Anual de Informações Sociais" for the years of 2012 and 2013. As an innovation compared to previous work, we use data from the RAIS in a panel structure for individuals period, controlling the possible boas of omitted variable (fixed effect) and also the simultaneity (Instrumental Variable) as well as data relating to subsectors that constitute the construction industry (building construction, infrastructure works and specialized services for construction). It is concluded that the hypothesis of efficiency wage is supported by the data both for the sector as a whole and for its subsectors.

O objetivo desta dissertação é testar o modelo de salário eficiência (shirking model) para a indústria brasileira de construção civil e seus subsetores. Esta versão do modelo de salário eficiência assume a existência de uma relação negativa entre salários e supervisão. A investigação empírica está centrada sobre a variável span of control (razão supervisores/ supervisionados) como proxy para intensidade de supervisão. Os dados utilizados para o teste de hipótese desta teoria são os da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais para os anos de 2012 e 2013. Como novidade em relação aos trabalhos anteriores, utilizamos os dados da RAIS em uma estrutura de painel de indivíduos para o período, controlando tanto os possíveis vieses de variável omitida (efeito fixo) como o de simultaneidade (span of control), bem como os dados referentes aos subsetores que constituem o setor da construção civil (construção de edifícios, obras de infraestrutura e serviços especializados para construção). Conclui-se que a hipótese de salário eficiência é corroborada pelos dados tanto para o setor como um todo como para seus subsetores. / The objective of this dissertation is to test the efficiency wage model (shirking version) to Brazilian civil construction industry and its subsectors. This version of the efficiency wage model defends the existence of a negative relationship between wages and supervision. The empirical research is focused on the variable span of control (ratio supervisors /staff) as a proxy for supervision intensity. The data used are from "Relação Anual de Informações Sociais" for the years of 2012 and 2013. As an innovation compared to previous work, we use data from the RAIS in a panel structure for individuals period, controlling the possible boas of omitted variable (fixed effect) and also the simultaneity (Instrumental Variable) as well as data relating to subsectors that constitute the construction industry (building construction, infrastructure works and specialized services for construction). It is concluded that the hypothesis of efficiency wage is supported by the data both for the sector as a whole and for its subsectors.

According to Deikman (1966), meditation (defined as a training to sustain attention) has a deautomatizing effect. This ascertion was utilized in the present study as a departure point and explored within an information processing framework for classical conditioning. A sample of 48 college students was selected and randomly assigned to four conditions with different instructional sets involving allocation of attention during a classical conditioning background situation. The basic hypothesis of the study was that provided arousal factors were controlled, focusing of attention upon internal stimulation (i.e. breathing) could delay or attenuate the affect of conditioning, habituation and extinction as compared with instructions to externally allocate attention (on the CS and US). A secondary hypothesis predicted that for subjects under switching conditions changing from internal to external allocation and vice versa would produce a more pronounced extinction pattern as compared with subjects under non—switching conditions.

This thesis presents ground control best practices in weak rock environments including an augmentation to the existing Span Design curve by adding 463 case histories of RMR76 values ranging from 25 to 60. A Neural Network analysis of this data has been added and compared to the existing Span Design data of 292 case histories. Ground support is almost always used in weak rock environments, though the type of support used can vary widely. The development of the weak rock augmented Span Design Curve has also been calibrated to four different support categories; Category A: Pattern Friction Sets, Category B: Pattern Friction Sets with Spot Bolting of Rebar, Category C: Pattern Friction Sets with Pattern Rebar Bolts and Category D: Cablebolting, Shotcrete, Spiling, Timber Sets or Underhand Cut and Fill. Category A is considered “Unsupported” with an average Factor of Safety less than 1.2. Categories B, C and D are considered “Supported” with average Factors of Safety greater than 1.2. All categories are compared the original Critical Span Design Curve presented by Lang (1994). However, only Category A can be accurately compared to the original Critical Span Design Curve as it is “Unsupported” as well. Category A yields good results, however, Categories B, C and D do not, but still demonstrate that spans can remain stable at lower RMR76 values. Design of underground man-entry type excavations in North America relies heavily upon empirical analysis. This design requires a higher Factor of Safety than other non-man entry type excavations. A comparison of the calculated ½ span failure Factor of Safety between all the categories is also presented. The contribution this research provides to the mining industry is the "Unsupported" Weak Rock Updated Span Design Curve and awareness pertaining to the potentially detrimental effects of using resin grounted rebar in weak rock masses and the false sense of security that the use of resin grouted rebar may instill. It is also shown that spans in the “Unstable” zone of the new “Unsupported” Weak Rock Updated Span Design Curve can possibly be stabilized if detailed engineering design is applied to obtain “Supported” status. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of / Graduate

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Posttraumatic stress disorder involves a constellation of neural and behavioral alterations in response to trauma exposure. Aside from symptoms involved in posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis, patients frequently present with working memory impairments. Working memory training has been established as an effective intervention to reduce posttraumatic stress symptoms. Working memory is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in that it is commonly impaired in patients and that training can reduce the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Taken together, these points suggest the possibility of a shared mechanism between working memory and posttraumatic stress disorder but working memory has not been studied thoroughly in rodent models of posttraumatic stress disorder. The present study utilizes footshock trauma to induce a posttraumatic stress state in rats and evaluates the effect of trauma and trauma-paired cues on working memory performance. Results demonstrate the emergence of chronic deficits in working memory among traumatized animals three weeks post-trauma. Presentation of trauma-paired cues caused further decrement in working memory performance. Regression analysis indicates that the degree of working memory impairment in response to a trauma-paired cue can be significantly predicted by behavioral phenotypes typic of diagnostic symptoms for posttraumatic stress disorder. This study enhances existing animal models by replicating the clinical observations of working memory deficits associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. This will pave the way for future work to probe underlying mechanistic dysregulation of working memory following trauma exposure and for future development of novel treatment strategies.

No description available.

Aspect semantically denotes two concepts: eventualities and their endpoints, or the speaker’s perspective of an event. These aspectual distinctions respectively refer to telicity and perfectively. Telicity specifically denotes the internal temporal organization of events in regards to their endpoint (telic) or lack thereof (atelic). The telic/atelic distinction has been studied in semantics using logical analysis, in particular mereological relations (the relation of parts to parts and parts within wholes) and scalar theory (a representation of measurement composed of degrees that are partially or totally ordered). This thesis presents a psycholinguistic experiment investigating the cognitive nature of one component of aspectual realization, namely telicity, in English. In accordance with the predictions made by mereological and scalar theories for the semantic composition of telicity, it is hypothesized that telic constructions are semantically more complex than atelic constructions. This complexity specifically refers to maximalization; a process which Filip (2008) predicts takes place exclusively in the derivation of telic events. This prediction is made under the assumption that a correlation exists between the number of derivational steps and cognitive complexity. Specifically, constructions which involve a greater number of steps in their derivation are hypothesized to also involve a greater amount of cognitive resources in order to be successfully computed. This correlation is supported by recent research investigating the role of working memory in sentence comprehension. Recent studies have found constructions with greater syntactic derivational complexity are susceptible to interference and processing trade-offs when processed under heavy memory loads. Based on this, if telic constructions involve a greater derivational complexity compared to atelic counterparts, they therefore can be hypothesized to be more susceptible to interference and processing trade-offs from increased memory loads. The results of the experiment provide evidence supporting this prediction, ultimately suggesting telicity is a grammatically more complex process than atelicity. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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No description available.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Despite calls for the consideration of future time perspective (FTP) as a multidimensional construct, mostly unidimensional measurement instruments have been used. This study had two objectives: (a) to develop a brief multidimensional questionnaire for assessing FTP in adulthood and evaluate its psychometric properties; and (b) to examine age associations and age-group differences of the dimensions of FTP. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were collected from 625 community-residing adults between the ages of 18 and 93, representing young, middle-aged, and older adults. The psychometric evaluation involved exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory FA (CFA), reliability and validity analyses, and measurement invariance testing. Zero-order and partial correlations were used to examine the association of the dimensions of FTP with age, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine age-group differences. RESULTS: EFA and CFA supported a three-factor solution: Future as Open, Future as Limited, and Future as Ambiguous. Metric measurement invariance for this factor structure was confirmed across the three age groups. Reliability and validity analyses provided evidence of sound psychometric properties of the brief questionnaire. Age was negatively associated with Future as Open and positively associated with Future as Limited. Young adults exhibited significantly greater ambiguity toward the future than middle-aged or older adults. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides evidence in support of the psychometric properties of a new brief multidimensional FTP scale. It also provides evidence for a pattern of age associations and age-group differences consistent with life-span developmental theory.