Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, 2008. / Bibliyografya var.

Thesis (M.A.)--Bowling Green State University, 2009. / Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 103 p. : col. ill. Includes bibliographical references.

Zugl.: Lübeck, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2009

Resumo: Nos seringais do Brasil o percevejo-de-renda Leptopharsa heveae (Hemiptera: Tingidae), e os ácaros Tenuipalpus heveae (Tenuipalpidae) e Calacarus heveae (Eriophyidae) são as principais pragas, e Salticidae, Anyphaenidae e Theridiidae são as aranhas mais abundantes. Para avaliar as interações destes artrópodes, foram realizados experimentos laboratoriais de confronto de predadores (aranhas) e presas (ácaros e percevejos) e para estimar a co-ocorrência e densidade foram feitas amostragens nos seringais da região de São José do Rio Preto-SP. Comparativamente os maiores valores de predação, de imobilização de presas nas sedas e de dispersão, foram observados respectivamente para os seguintes tratamentos: a) Predação de L. heveae por Theridiidae (37%), b) imobilização de C. heveae (21,5%) e de L. heveae (14,5%) por sedas de Salticidae, c) dispersão de T. heveae por Salticidae (29,5%) e por Anyphaenidae (35%). A maior mortalidade total causada pelas aranhas nos percevejos-de-renda foi de 40% e nos ácaros, igual a 42% para T. heveae e 36% para C. heveae. A ocorrência simultânea dessas aranhas e fitófagos nos cultivos de seringueira predispõem confrontos, e estes causam algum tipo de prejuízo para as pragas, de forma que, medidas que favoreçam a presença das aranhas nos cultivos devem ser adotadas. / Abstract: In the rubber tree fields of Brazil the rubber tree lace bug Leptopharsa heveae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) and the mites Tenuipalpus heveae (Tenuipalpidae) and Calacarus heveae (Eriophyidae) are the main pests, and Salticidae, Anyphaenidae and Theridiidae are the most abundant spiders. To evaluate the interactions between these arthropods, laboratorial experiments by confrontation of predators (spiders) and preys (mites and tree lace bug) were carried out and to estimate the co-occurrence and density, samplings occur in rubber tree fields at São José do Rio Preto - SP. Comparatively, the highest values of predation, preys immobilization in the silks and dispersion had been observed respectively for the following treatments: a) L. heveae predation by Theridiidae (37%), b) C. heveae (21,5%) and L. heveae (14,5%) immobilization through silks by Salticidae, c) T. heveae dispersion by Salticidae (29,5%) and Anyphaenidae (35%). The highest overall mortality caused by the spiders in the tree lace bugs was 40% and for the mites, 42% for T. heveae and 36% for C. heveae. The simultaneous occurrence of these spiders and fitofagous in the rubber tree fields predicts confrontations that cause some kind of damage for the pests, so that, measures that favor the presence of spiders in the plantations must be adopted. / Orientador: Isabela Maria Piovesan Rinaldi / Coorientador: Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres / Banca: Marcel Ricardo Tanzini / Banca: Luiz Carlos Forti / Mestre

Resumo: As aranhas do gênero Phoneutria (Aranae, Ctenidae) são comumente conhecidas como "aranha armadeira" ou "aranha da banana", devido à posição de ataque/defesa que elas assumem contra uma presa/competidor e devido sua alta incidência nas plantações de bananas. Estas aranhas são solitárias, errantes (não constroem teias), muito agressivas e responsáveis por muitos casos graves de acidentes por envenenamento e de morte registrados. Estas aranhas são amplamente distribuídas nas regiões temperadas da América do Sul, com várias espécies já descritas. A espécie Phoneutria nigriventer é mais comum nas regiões centroeste e sudeste do Brasil. Um grande número de neurotoxinas tem sido purificado de venenos de aranhas do gênero Phoneutria. No entanto, as neurotoxinas não - protéicas de baixa massa molecular precisam ser isoladas e caracterizadas estrutural e funcionalmente. Essas toxinas são de potencial interesse na neuroquímica como ferramentas para investigações do sistema nervoso. O objetivo do presente estudo foi a caracterização estrutural e funcional da "Nigriventrina", uma nova neurotoxina não-protéica de baixa massa molecular, isolada da fração hidrofílica do veneno da aranha Phoneutria nigriventer por (RPHPLC) sob gradiente de acetonitrila. A elucidação estrutural foi realizada com HRESIMS, ESI-MS, ESI-MS/MS e espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear 1D e 2D. A toxina apresentou massa molecular de 422Da (C12H14N4O13) e foi caracterizada como hidrazil-dioxopiperidina. A caracterização biológica foi realizada pela aplicação icv da Nigriventrina em cérebro de rato, seguido pelo acompanhamento da expressão da proteína Fos e dupla marcação imunoistoquímica. Todos os neurônios duplamente marcados foram associados ao receptor ionotrópico de glutamato NMDA (N-metil-D-aspartato), subtipo NMDA-NR1. A Nigriventrina apresentou afinidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The spiders of the genus Phoneutria (Aranae, Ctenidae) are commonly known as "armed spider" or "banana spider", because of the attack-defense position that they assume against a prey/competitor and their high incidence in banana plantations. These spiders are solitary, wandering (no web), very aggressive, responsible for many cases of severe envenomation and recorded mortality. These spiders are widely distributed in the warm regions of South America, and several species have been described. The Phoneutria nigriventer are the most common in central and south-eastern regions of Brazil. A large number of neurotoxins have been purified from the venoms of Phoneutria spiders. However, the non-proteic low molecular mass neurotoxins must be isolated and structural and functionally characterized. These toxins have an interesting potential in neurochemistry as tools for investigations of nervous system. The objective of the present study was the structural and functional characterization of "Nigriventrine", a novel non-proteic low molecular mass neurotoxin, isolated from the hydrophilic fraction of Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom by (RP-HPLC) under gradient of acetonitrile. The structural elucidation was carried out with HRESIMS, ESI-MS, ESI-MS/MS and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1D and 2D spectroscopy. The toxin presented molecular mass of 422Da (C12H14N4O13) and was characterized as hydroxyl-hydrazyl-dioxopiperidine. The biological characterization was performed by the i.c.v application of nigriventrine in rat brain, followed by the monitoring of the expression of Fos protein and doublelabeling immunohistochemistry. All doubly labeled neurons were associated to Nmethyl- D- aspartate/subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (NMDA-NR1). The nigriventrine presented affinity mainly to cortical regions, which are linked to perceptions and the voluntary muscles control of the animals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Mario Sergio Palma / Coorientador: Marta do Nascimento Cordeiro / Banca: Michael Richardson / Banca: Yara Curi / Banca: Claudio Francisco Tormena / Banca: Roberta Cornelio Ferreira Nocelli / Doutor

This diploma thesis deals with evaluation of the performance and competitiveness of selected commercial insurance companies dealing with life insurance and non-life insurance in the Czech insurance market. The literature search summarizes basic knowledge on the subject and presents classical tools of financial analysis and tools applicable primarily to the insurance sector. Part of the literature search is a chapter devoted to the indicators evaluating the insurance market level. In the introduction of the empirical part is outlined the development of the insurance market and the development of insurance market level indicators in the Czech Republic between 2007 and 2012. Subsequently is performed a financial performance analysis of insurance companies during the reporting period using the methods selected on the basis of a literature search. Monitored are the performance and ratio indicators. In case of financial analysis of life insurance company is performed a spider analysis and a calculation of its embedded value. The results are interpreted and compared with the results of competing insurance companies and with results in the insurance sector. The thesis concludes with recommendations designed to improve the competitiveness of the analyzed insurance companies.

The diploma thesis deals with the economic analysis of society and its applications based on a comparison with competing companies in the sector. The aim is to evaluate the economic performance of the company and its ability to establish themselves in the sector. The first part describes the theoretical introduction of economic analysis and definition of hypotheses that are validated on the basis of mentioned methods in this elaboration. In the methodical part is described economic analysis and defined the financial analysis methods. The practical part contains practical use of selected methods of economic analysis at Tank ONO, Ltd., includes financial and situational analysis of the company and verifying defined hypotheses. Conclusion includes evaluation and comparison with competitors and with the outputs of the sector which is comprising this company, and selecting the most appropriate strategy.

abstract: Spider dragline silk is an outstanding biopolymer with a strength that exceeds steel by weight and a toughness greater than high-performance fibers like Kevlar. For this reason, structural and dynamic studies on the spider silk are of great importance for developing future biomaterials. The spider dragline silk comprises two silk proteins, Major ampullate Spidroin 1 and 2 (MaSp1 and 2), which are synthesized and stored in the major ampullate (MA) gland of spiders. The initial state of the silk proteins within Black Widow MA glands was probed with solution-state NMR spectroscopy. The conformation dependent chemical shifts information indicates that the silk proteins are unstructured and in random coil conformation. 15N relaxation parameters, T1, T2 and 15N-{1H} steady-state NOE were measured to probe the backbone dynamics for MA silk proteins. These measurements indicate fast sub-nanosecond timescale backbone dynamics for the repetitive core of spider MA proteins indicating that the silk proteins are unfolded, highly flexible random coils in the MA gland. The translational diffusion coefficients of the spider silk proteins within the MA gland were measured using 1H diffusion NMR at 1H sites from different amino acids. A phenomenon was observed where the measured diffusion coefficients decrease with an increase in the diffusion delay used. The mean displacement along the external magnetic field was found to be 0.35 μm and independent of the diffusion delay. The results indicate that the diffusion of silk protein was restricted due to intermolecular cross-linking with only segmental diffusion observable. To understand how a spider converts the unfolded protein spinning dope into a highly structured and oriented in the super fiber,the effect of acidification on spider silk assembly was investigated on native spidroins from the major ampullate (MA) gland fluid excised from Latrodectus hesperus (Black Widow) spiders. The in vitro spider silk assembly kinetics were monitored as a function of pH with a 13C solid-state Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR approach. The results confirm the importance of acidic pH in the spider silk self-assembly process with observation of a sigmoidal nucleation-elongation kinetic profile. The rates of nucleation and elongation and the percentage of β-sheet structure in the grown fibers depend on pH. The secondary structure of the major ampullate silk from Peucetia viridians (Green Lynx) spiders was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. From XRD measurement, β-sheet nano-crystallites were observed that are highly oriented along the fiber axis with an orientational order of 0.980. Compare to the crystalline region, the amorphous region was found to be partially oriented with an orientational order of 0.887. Further, two dimensional 13C-13C through-space and through-bond solid-state NMR experiments provide structural analysis for the repetitive amino acid motifs in the silk proteins. The nano-crystallites are mainly alanine-rich β-sheet structures. The total percentage of crystalline region is determined to be 40.0±1.2 %. 18±1 % of alanine, 60±2 % glycine and 54±2 % serine are determined to be incorporated into helical conformations while 82±1 % of alanine, 40±3 % glycine and 46±2 % serine are in the β-sheet conformation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2015

Os invertebrados impedem o estabelecimento de uma infecção através de uma resposta imune eficiente. Esta resposta envolve reações celulares e humorais. Existem poucos trabalhos sobre a imunidade das aranhas. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o papel dos hemócitos e dos peptídeos antimicrobianos na resposta imune da aranha Acanthoscurria gomesiana. Inicialmente, a localização relativa da gomesina e da acanthoscurrina foi determinada, mostrando que 58% dos hemócitos armazenam os dois peptídeos antimicrobianos. Além disso, foi verificado que a gomesina é direcionada aos grânulos dos hemócitos da forma de pró-peptídeo. Observou-se ainda, que após um desafio, os hemócitos migram para o sítio de infecção, onde deve secretar componentes da cascata de coagulação e peptídeos antimicrobianos. Além disso, os resultados mostraram que a fagocitose não é o principal mecanismo ativado após uma infecção. Assim sendo, as principais respostas imunes da aranha são através da coagulação e secreção dos peptídeos antimicrobianos. / Invertebrates avoid the infection establishment through an efficient immune response. This response consists in cellular and humoral reactions. Few data are available concerning the spider\'s immunity. The main aim of this study was to determine the role of hemocytes and antimicrobial peptides on the immunity of the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana. Initially, the localization of gomesin and acanthoscurrin was determined, showing that 58% of hemocytes store both antimicrobial peptides. Moreover, our results show that gomesin is addressed to the hemocyte granules as a pro-peptide. We also demonstrate, by in vivo and in vitro experiments, that hemocytes migrate to the site of microbial infection. Once at the site of infection, hemocytes might secrete components of coagulation cascade and antimicrobial peptides. Besides, our results suggest that phagocytosis is not the major defense mechanism activated after microbial challenge. Therefore the main reactions involved in the spider defense might be through the coagulation and antimicrobial peptides secretion.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferrarifilho_peb_me_sjrp.pdf: 2519356 bytes, checksum: 96719c8435b790483939f0ecc7ff654f (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Nos seringais do Brasil o percevejo-de-renda Leptopharsa heveae (Hemiptera: Tingidae), e os ácaros Tenuipalpus heveae (Tenuipalpidae) e Calacarus heveae (Eriophyidae) são as principais pragas, e Salticidae, Anyphaenidae e Theridiidae são as aranhas mais abundantes. Para avaliar as interações destes artrópodes, foram realizados experimentos laboratoriais de confronto de predadores (aranhas) e presas (ácaros e percevejos) e para estimar a co-ocorrência e densidade foram feitas amostragens nos seringais da região de São José do Rio Preto-SP. Comparativamente os maiores valores de predação, de imobilização de presas nas sedas e de dispersão, foram observados respectivamente para os seguintes tratamentos: a) Predação de L. heveae por Theridiidae (37%), b) imobilização de C. heveae (21,5%) e de L. heveae (14,5%) por sedas de Salticidae, c) dispersão de T. heveae por Salticidae (29,5%) e por Anyphaenidae (35%). A maior mortalidade total causada pelas aranhas nos percevejos-de-renda foi de 40% e nos ácaros, igual a 42% para T. heveae e 36% para C. heveae. A ocorrência simultânea dessas aranhas e fitófagos nos cultivos de seringueira predispõem confrontos, e estes causam algum tipo de prejuízo para as pragas, de forma que, medidas que favoreçam a presença das aranhas nos cultivos devem ser adotadas. / In the rubber tree fields of Brazil the rubber tree lace bug Leptopharsa heveae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) and the mites Tenuipalpus heveae (Tenuipalpidae) and Calacarus heveae (Eriophyidae) are the main pests, and Salticidae, Anyphaenidae and Theridiidae are the most abundant spiders. To evaluate the interactions between these arthropods, laboratorial experiments by confrontation of predators (spiders) and preys (mites and tree lace bug) were carried out and to estimate the co-occurrence and density, samplings occur in rubber tree fields at São José do Rio Preto - SP. Comparatively, the highest values of predation, preys immobilization in the silks and dispersion had been observed respectively for the following treatments: a) L. heveae predation by Theridiidae (37%), b) C. heveae (21,5%) and L. heveae (14,5%) immobilization through silks by Salticidae, c) T. heveae dispersion by Salticidae (29,5%) and Anyphaenidae (35%). The highest overall mortality caused by the spiders in the tree lace bugs was 40% and for the mites, 42% for T. heveae and 36% for C. heveae. The simultaneous occurrence of these spiders and fitofagous in the rubber tree fields predicts confrontations that cause some kind of damage for the pests, so that, measures that favor the presence of spiders in the plantations must be adopted.