O estudo, em corpos lagunares, de transportes de sedimentos pode apresentar significativa importância e abrangência. Para que haja compreensão dos mecanismos que ocorrem na linha de costa de um corpo aquoso é fundamental o estudo de sua morfodinâmica e morfologia do sistema. Estes evoluem conjuntamente, visto que a dinâmica determina a morfologia, entretanto uma vez estabelecida a morfologia, esta condiciona a dinâmica. A evolução de corpos lagunares segue a evolução de cinco processos naturais: a segmentação, a acresção vertical, a progradação de deltas, a acresção lateral, a sedimentação marinha e/ou lacustre. Neste estudo é abordado a progradação deltaica. Deltas são acumulações de sedimentos no final de um canal, no qual há uma descarga dentro de um corpo de água. A área selecionada para este estudo situa-se no sul da planície costeira do Estado do Rio Grande do sul, na região norte da Lagoa Mangueira, onde se localiza diversos deltas artificiais presentes no corpo lacustre. Pelo fato de estar inserido no popularmente conhecido “Parque das Capivaras”, a feição estudada ficou denominada como “Delta das Capivaras”. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver o modelo de evolução deste delta artificial construído pela atividade das lavouras arrozeiras na margem oeste da Lagoa da Mangueira e avaliar os impactos ambientais causados pelo manejo do solo. A metodologia empregada contemplou variadas técnicas de aquisição e interpretação de dados. As atividades iniciaram com uma revisão bibliográfica e preparação da logística necessária para aquisição de informações em campo, onde foram coletados dados de sedimentologia, batimetria e testemunhos. As atividades posteriores compreenderamm análises, processamentos e tratamentos das amostras e informações obtidas, em laboratório. A integração dos dados forneceu informações importantes sobre a dinâmica e morfologia do Delta das Capivaras. Foi possível concluir que o principal agente formador do delta é o canal artificial gerado pela atividade antrópica devido ao elevado potencial de aporte de sedimentos para o interior da lagoa. A flutuação de nível é pouco representativa e a ação das ondas é secundária na formação do delta, já que o mesmo é protegido por feições arenosas e vegetação. A atividade de orizicultura na margem oeste da Lagoa Mangueira causa rápida eutrofização no corpo aquoso, esse fato mostra que a atividade antrópica causada pelo cultivo de arroz modifica bastante as características naturais desse corpo hídrico, podendo causar impactos na vida e dinâmica da lagoa. O Delta das Capivaras se desenvolveu em um local inferior a 1 km, num intervalo de tempo de décadas; e, por fim, sua gênese foi controlada principalmente pelo aporte de sedimentos. Além disso, está inserido em uma bacia de drenagem litorânea com extensão de área bastante reduzida e relevo com cotas inferiores a 10 metros, não podendo, portanto, gerar uma feição do tamanho do Delta das Capivaras, em um curto espaço de tempo. Essas características classificam o delta como uma feição artificial de escala de engenharia e não geológica. / The sediment transport in lakes is very important and has a broad scope. In order to acquire comprehension on the processes occurring in the coastline it is vital that the system´s morphodynamics and morphology are studied. These last elements evolve together, since the dynamics determine morphology, however once morphology is established, it affects dynamics. The evolution of these bodies of water follows the evolution of five natural processes: segmentation, vertical accretion, marine and lagoonal sedimentation. In this study, deltaic progradation is analyzed. Deltas are deposits of sediment at the end of a water stream, which is discharged into a body of water. The selected area for this study is located in the southern portion of the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul state, in the north sector of the Mangueira Lake, where several artificial deltas are found in the lagoon. Since it is located in the popularly known “Capivaras Park”, the feature which is analysed in this study was named “Delta das Capivaras”. This study aimed to develop the evolution model for this artificially built delta, wich was formed due to rice farming on the west margin of the lake, and also, to evaluate the environmental impacts caused by the soil management. The methodology employed in the study comprised different techniques for the data acquisition and its interpretation. The work began by analyzing related bibliography and planning logistics for the field work, where data on sedimentology, bathymetry and core sample were collected. The later activities comprise analysis, processing and treatment of the obtained samples in the laboratory. The integration of data offered important information on the dynamics and morphology of the Delta das Capivaras. It was possible to conclude that the primary mechanism for the delta development is the artificial channel generated by anthropic activity, due to the elevated potential of sediment transport towards the lagoon. The water level variation has little significant contribution such as the wave action in the delta formation, since it is protected by sand “features” such as sandy spits and vegetation. The rice cultureon the west margin of the Mangueira Lake causes fast eutrophication of the water body, proving that anthropic activity caused by that specific activity strongly modifies the lagoon´s natural features and can possibly impact life and dynamics in this lagoon. The Delta das Capivaras developed in a location less than 1 km, in a time of decades and, finally, its genesis was controlled mainly by sediment supply. Moreover, it is inserted into a coastal drainage basin with little extension area and lower elevation with dimensions less than 10 meters, wherefore cannot generate a feature like Delta das Capivaras, in a short space of time. These characteristics classify the delta as an artificial feature of engineering scale and not geological.

La literature de la Côte ouest demeure peu traduite en français. Son caractère unique et les difficultés posées par sa traduction expliquent en partie cet etat de fait regrettable. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser les particularités de cette littérature régionale afin de la rendre plus accessible au traducteur et, par la-meme, au lecteur français. Pour illustrer chacun des problèmes soulevés, des exemples concrets sont utilisés. lis sont tirés de deux nouvelles de Jack Hodgins, "Every Day of His Life" et "By the River", toutes deux publiées dans Spit Delaney's Island (Toronto: Macmillan, 1976). Ces oeuvres, profondément régionalistes, fournissent une excellente source de thèmes propres à la littérature de la Côte ouest et de problèmes particuliers pour le traducteur. Chaque question traitée est accompagnée de l'étude d'un cas de traduction offrant diverses solutions possibles et expliquant leur pertinence dans le cadre d'une oeuvre de la Côte ouest. Cette analyse pratique est suivie d'un dialogue avec Jack Hodgins, visant à préciser et, dans certains cas, rectifier l'approche du traducteur et son interprétation de l'oeuvre à traduire. Des exemples de modifications qu'il est possible d'apporter àune traduction, grâce au dialogue avec l'auteur, sont proposés et discutés. Pour conclure, il sera débattu des avantages et des inconvénients d'une telle collaboration. Cette thèse met en évidence la richesse de la littérature de la Côte ouest et offre un certain nombre d'outils indispensables a sa traduction. Les caractéristiques de cette littérature régionale, une fois reconnues et comprises par le traducteur, ne forment plus un obstacle à sa lisibilité pour le lecteur françis. Elles lui ouvrent au contraire tout un univers jusqu'alors insoupçonné. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

This study examined interplay between interpersonal trauma (IPT), relationship status, relationship satisfaction (SAT), and partner substance use (PSU), and whether these relationship dimensions moderated associations between IPT and alcohol outcomes. Data came from a longitudinal study of college students (N=9,911; 61%female; 49%White). Precollege IPT increased the likelihood of being in a relationship, while college-onset IPT decreased the likelihood. IPT predicted lower SAT and higher PSU. Individuals with precollege IPT consumed more alcohol than those without IPT, but this was mitigated for those in relationships. Individuals with college-onset IPT consumed more alcohol than those without IPT, and this was more pronounced with higher PSU. Effects changed modestly when controlling for PTSD. Findings suggest timing of IPT impacts its effects on relationship dimensions, and their interactive effects on alcohol. Involvement in relationships, but not relationship satisfaction, buffers against the effects of IPT on alcohol use, while high PSU partner exacerbates it.

No description available.

Given feminists’ longstanding concerns about the ideological effects of media images, and prompted by the lack of, but continued need for, feminist activism today, some feminist scholars have become increasingly interested in how popular media shape public understandings of feminism, represent its issues, and define its history. Communication scholars also appreciate that both media texts and social movements are produced and received within particular historical contexts, and that controversies over either are discursive sites in which cultural and political values clash and their meanings are negotiated. During the 1970s, second-wave feminism, especially its radical wing, was a controversial movement which threatened to disrupt basic relations between women and men and, therefore, has been much maligned by men, women, anti-feminists, and a new generation of self-proclaimed feminists. Yet, the second wave is often portrayed inaccurately. This dissertation thus reviews key works, theories, and events associated with radical feminism as well as the debates between it and other schools of feminist thought–liberal, Marxist/socialist, psychoanalytic, cultural, and various ‘new’ feminisms. Then, employing a context-sensitive form of ideological criticism, I examine three films, their promotional strategies, their mainstream critical and scholarly receptions, and how these elements converged with particular feminist discourses within their shared historical contexts. Specifically, I investigate why the horror films Rosemary’s Baby (1968), I Spit on Your Grave (1978), and Snuff (1976)–which each featured an exposed, vulnerable, violated, or ‘monstrous’ female body–became objects of controversy when they tapped into the contemporaneous feminist issues of reproduction, rape, and pornography, respectively, and how the films’ receptions reveal ways in which people have made sense of feminism and its issues. I contend that these controversies, both individually and when viewed as a series, were symptomatic of the hegemonic negotiations of second-wave feminism and its attempts to publicize discourses about sex, violence, and the female body, negotiations which were occurring both inside and outside the women’s movement. Through these controversial cases, then, we can see feminism’s transformation–from an active movement which criticized the structures of women’s oppression to a discursive and primarily academic enterprise focused more on criticizing itself. / text

Artificial retreats are increasingly used to sample animal populations and in attempts to boost animal numbers in degraded habitats. Here, I test potential applications of artificial retreats for lizards inhabiting a coastal environment of high conservation value (Kaitorete Spit, New Zealand). I first conducted a pitfall-trapping survey examining the distribution and relative abundance of lizards in duneland, farmland and shrubland habitats, and tested the influence of trap placement on capture rates. Capture rates of the diurnal skinks Oligosoma maccanni (McCann�s skink) and O. nigriplantare polychroma (common skink) were highest in duneland and farmland, respectively, and were most sensitive to the distance separating traps from the nearest cover (the greater the distance, the lower the capture rate). Captures of O. lineoocellatum (spotted skink) and Hoplodactylus maculatus (common gecko) were rare. Secondly, in separate chapters I test the utility of artificial retreats for monitoring: 1) a preference trial examining relative use of three types of artificial retreats by skinks (O. maccanni and O. n. polychroma) and geckos (H. maculatus); 2) a comparison of the effectiveness of artificial retreats relative to pitfall traps for detecting cryptic and primarily nocturnal geckos (H. maculatus) following translocation; and 3) capture-recapture estimation of population parameters (survival and abundance) of H. maculatus. I found that: 1) geckos strongly preferred retreats made of Onduline over corrugated iron and concrete tiles, whereas skinks exhibited no apparent preferences; 2) artificial retreats were more effective than pitfall traps for detecting geckos following translocation; and 3) monthly survival and recapture probabilities of geckos varied with age-class and over time. Estimated survival was unexpectedly low, possibly due to excessive trap spacing. I developed a new capture-recapture model specifically for population size estimation with data from artificial retreats, which gave estimates that were up to 50% greater than those predicted by conventional capture-recapture models. I caution that permanent placement of artificial retreats in long-term studies may be inappropriate for estimation of population parameters due to potential habitat-enhancement effects and/or altered predation risk. Thirdly, I conducted a capture-recapture field experiment, using a replicated Before-After-Control-impact (BACI) design, to test the relative effects of habitat manipulation (artificial retreat addition) and partial predator removal (by fencing) on annual survival of duneland skink (O. maccanni) populations. Survival increased at sites with predator exclosures, but not at control sites or following the addition of artificial retreats, either alone or in combination with a predator exclosure. The magnitude of the increase in survival for the exclosure-only treatment was small, but sufficient to change the trajectory of an apparently stable population into an increasing one, suggesting that the population is limited by predators. Predator control, but not the addition of artificial retreats, is predicted to benefit O. maccanni. To conclude, the Onduline design developed here appears to be particularly useful for sampling cryptic, terrestrial geckos; however, artificial retreats must be used appropriately to avoid bias arising from habitat-enhancing effects and/or altered predation risk. The restoration value of artificial retreats requires further testing on other species and in areas where natural retreat sites are limited.

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 89 pages. / Thesis (M.S.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: The ability of an organism to modulate its feeding behavior is an important focus of feeding ecology studies. Modulation is the ability to distinctly and consistently alter a behavior to accommodate different stimuli. The goal of this study was to examine the ability of the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum to modulate its food capture behavior with different sizes and types of food items. This was carried out through kinematic and electromyographic analysis. Eight sub-adult specimens of G. cirratum were filmed feeding on two different food types (squid and fish) and sizes (gape size and larger than gape size). Filming consisted of high-speed videography utilizing a low-light digital video system. Kinematic variables related to lower jaw movement, mouth width, and head angle were measured from video footage. Up to twelve muscles in each of six specimens were implanted with bipolar electrodes to measure the onset and duration of motor activity. / ABSTRACT: There were no significant differences between food sizes and any of the kinematic variables. Only two muscles showed significant differences in onset time based on food size. In regards to food types, squid bites were significantly faster than fish bites, but when examined proportionately to bite duration only the time to jaw closure remained significantly different. The motor pattern of G. cirratum demonstrates an anterior to posterior sequence, which corresponds to the anterior to posterior kinematic sequence. Little cranial elevation is present during feeding sequences and is not thought to contribute significantly to feeding. Ginglymostoma cirratum is a stereotyped, inertial suction feeder. There is little evidence that there is modulation in feeding behavior based on food size or food type. If modulation does exist in the feeding behavior, it is more likely to occur after prey capture while the prey is being processed and manipulated prior to transport. / ABSTRACT: Initial observations suggested that a novel behavior termed 'spit-suck manipulation' is utilized for larger prey items. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Artificial retreats are increasingly used to sample animal populations and in attempts to boost animal numbers in degraded habitats. Here, I test potential applications of artificial retreats for lizards inhabiting a coastal environment of high conservation value (Kaitorete Spit, New Zealand). I first conducted a pitfall-trapping survey examining the distribution and relative abundance of lizards in duneland, farmland and shrubland habitats, and tested the influence of trap placement on capture rates. Capture rates of the diurnal skinks Oligosoma maccanni (McCann�s skink) and O. nigriplantare polychroma (common skink) were highest in duneland and farmland, respectively, and were most sensitive to the distance separating traps from the nearest cover (the greater the distance, the lower the capture rate). Captures of O. lineoocellatum (spotted skink) and Hoplodactylus maculatus (common gecko) were rare. Secondly, in separate chapters I test the utility of artificial retreats for monitoring: 1) a preference trial examining relative use of three types of artificial retreats by skinks (O. maccanni and O. n. polychroma) and geckos (H. maculatus); 2) a comparison of the effectiveness of artificial retreats relative to pitfall traps for detecting cryptic and primarily nocturnal geckos (H. maculatus) following translocation; and 3) capture-recapture estimation of population parameters (survival and abundance) of H. maculatus. I found that: 1) geckos strongly preferred retreats made of Onduline over corrugated iron and concrete tiles, whereas skinks exhibited no apparent preferences; 2) artificial retreats were more effective than pitfall traps for detecting geckos following translocation; and 3) monthly survival and recapture probabilities of geckos varied with age-class and over time. Estimated survival was unexpectedly low, possibly due to excessive trap spacing. I developed a new capture-recapture model specifically for population size estimation with data from artificial retreats, which gave estimates that were up to 50% greater than those predicted by conventional capture-recapture models. I caution that permanent placement of artificial retreats in long-term studies may be inappropriate for estimation of population parameters due to potential habitat-enhancement effects and/or altered predation risk. Thirdly, I conducted a capture-recapture field experiment, using a replicated Before-After-Control-impact (BACI) design, to test the relative effects of habitat manipulation (artificial retreat addition) and partial predator removal (by fencing) on annual survival of duneland skink (O. maccanni) populations. Survival increased at sites with predator exclosures, but not at control sites or following the addition of artificial retreats, either alone or in combination with a predator exclosure. The magnitude of the increase in survival for the exclosure-only treatment was small, but sufficient to change the trajectory of an apparently stable population into an increasing one, suggesting that the population is limited by predators. Predator control, but not the addition of artificial retreats, is predicted to benefit O. maccanni. To conclude, the Onduline design developed here appears to be particularly useful for sampling cryptic, terrestrial geckos; however, artificial retreats must be used appropriately to avoid bias arising from habitat-enhancing effects and/or altered predation risk. The restoration value of artificial retreats requires further testing on other species and in areas where natural retreat sites are limited.

I Spit on Your Grave is a low budget rape/revenge-movie released in 1978, directed by Meir Zarchi. The plot follows Jennifer Hills, who is brutally raped by a group of men and then left for dead. She survives and then proceeds to seek revenge on her rapists. In 2010, a new adaptation was released, with a similar plot and characters, directed by Steven R. Monroe. This study sets out to examine the differences between the portrayal of protagonist Jennifer Hills in the 1978 original and the 2010 version of I Spit on Your Grave. Using qualitative content analysis and a structuralist and semiotic perspective, the study also aims to explore what these differences can tell us about the societies responsible for producing the movies. The theories examined in order to properly answer these questions are mainly feminist film theory derived from acknowledged film theorists and scholars such as Carol Clover and Laura Mulvey. The material analyzed consists of scenes where Jennifer is present, and the results show that Jennifer in 1978 is portrayed in a more feminine manner, heavily influenced by the femme fatale from the 1940’s film noir. She uses her beauty and body to seduce the men in order to kill them, whereas Jennifer in 2010 is portrayed as a woman whose characteristics after the rape transforms into those of a man. In order to get revenge on her rapists, she has to behave more like them. Rather than a beauty, Jennifer is portrayed as a monster. Zarchis' film from the 1970’s seems to reward women behaving and looking like women, while Monroes film from 2010 encourages women to act like men, in order to survive.

Ultra-high-resolution subsurface stratigraphy mapped from 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can provide insights into the fine-scale heterogeneity of reservoirs and other geologic features. Analog models derived from 3D GPR aid in understanding reservoir compartmentalization that may be sub-seismic but still affect fluid flow. We integrate 2D profiles and 3D GPR volumes with measured stratigraphic sections from outcrop exposure to characterize the fine-scale stratigraphy of an ancient Lake Bonneville shoreline deposit (locally, circa 20 ka based on carbon-14 dating) in the Great Basin (northwestern Utah). The heterogeneity of the deposit is expressed as multiple discordant patterns, separated by unconformities that likely were influenced by fluctuating lake levels on the lake margin. Although the study site is only ~8,000 square meters in area, the detailed stratigraphic relationships can be scaled up to inform the characterization of larger sedimentary deposits with economic reservoir potential. The sands, gravels, and marls composing the stratigraphy were deposited during the transgressive phase of the pluvial lake, which preserved shoreline features such as spits and barrier bars. We interpret our site as a spit that extended out into the Pleistocene lake, at times connecting to a nearby persistently subaerially exposed island to form a tombolo. The deposited strata are well-exposed in a fortuitously located gravel quarry. The site provides an excellent natural laboratory for detailed 3D imaging due to the mostly flat ground surface (the quarry floor), low-clay, low-salinity, and low-moisture content of the site. The GPR data were acquired with a 200-MHz antenna (for 2D profiles) and a 400-MHz antenna (for 3D volumes). For the latter, the line spacing was about 0.3 meters with a trace spacing of 2.5 cm. The GPR dataset offers high-resolution images of clinoform sequence stratigraphy down to about 3 meters below the surface of the quarry. The vertical resolution (Rayleigh criterion) of the data is about 6 cm (for 3D volumes) and 13 cm (for 2D profiles). Migration collapsed diffractions and re-positioned dipping reflectors correctly. Deconvolution suppressed multiple reflections and tightened the waveforms. Using petroleum industry mapping software, amplitudes were binned into voxels to create precise 3D volumes, which facilitated more accurate geometrical interpretation (e.g., true dip direction of reflectors). Facies associations from stratigraphic sections measured just above the GPR acquisition level (quarry floor) help to describe and reconstruct the depositional history of the spit. The lithologic interpretation of the GPR reflectors is constrained by the correlation (or extrapolation) of the measured sections to the subsurface data volumes. Reflectivity is controlled by variations in porosity and matrix content (e.g., quartz vs. clays vs. calcite). Our study furnishes a model of transgressive deposits in a lacustrine environment and an analog for clastic sediments deposited on a larger scale in such environments.