Lo scopo della ricerca qui presentata è comprendere e tentare di spiegare, utilizzando due studi di caso, il Tribunali per i Minorenni dell’Emilia Romagna e del New Jersey, come la cultura della mediazione, e quella di riferimento del Restorative paradigm, possa essere legata alla discrezionalità soggettiva (favorevole o meno) degli operatori del sistema di giustizia minorile. In tale prospettiva, si cercherà di cogliere, all’interno del più ampio discorso sulla discrezionalità degli attori del processo penale minorile, l’importanza di fattori peculiari (quali la socializzazione lavorativa degli operatori, le prassi consolidate nei Tribunali e negli USSM, la collaborazione o mancata coordinazione tra gli attori stessi) negli orientamenti delle scelte di strumenti alternativi propri della restorative justice entro misure di intervento per giovani autori di reato. Trattandosi di un case study, non vi è alcuna pretesa di esaustività o generalizzabilità dei risultati ottenuti; essi, tuttavia, potrebbero rappresentare un significativo ed utile momento di riflessione dal quale (ri)partire per definire nuove procedure da attivare in questo ambito come, peraltro, da richiesta degli Organismi Comunitari, Europei e sovranazionali. A tal fine, si è scelto di individuare uno specifico istituto giuridico – peculiare del processo penale minorile – la messa alla prova (MAP) che, meglio di altri, permette la concreta applicazione di uno strumento della giustizia riparativa quale è la mediazione penale fra vittima e autore di reato. La comparazione con la realtà statunitense, nello specifico, mira ad arricchire l’analisi ponendo a confronto l’impiego di strumenti di giustizia riparativa – con particolare attenzione alle pratiche mediative – nei due contesti considerati. Il Nord America, patria natia dei programmi di diversion e della restorative justice, si configura come termine di paragone ideale per sviluppare una riflessione approfondita rispetto all’attenzione rivolta alle vittime e al consolidamento di una cultura della giustizia riparativa. / The aim of the research is to understand and attempt to explain, using the case study of Juvenile Courts in Emilia Romagna and New Jersey how the mediation culture could be shaped according to the personal discretion of the professional of the juvenile justice system. In this perspective, the research wants to demonstrate the importance, within the wider prospect of the high discretion of the Juvenile Justice System operators, that some specific factors (socialization in the work environment, well-established procedures in the Court and among the social services, collaboration or lack of cooperation of the workers) can contribute to the choice of alternative sanctions for juveniles. Using a case study approach doesn’t allow to gather quantitative data and obtain general results, but it will represent a significant and useful consideration from which we can (re)start to define new procedure in the field of Juvenile Justice, as required by the major European and International Organization [i.e.“Directive 2012/29/UE of the European Parliament and the Council, establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA]. The selection of one specific legal institution, probation, – related particularly to the Juvenile criminal procedure – seems to be the best choice in order to understand the concrete application of the mediation between the young author and his victim. The connection with the US aims to enrich the entire analysis and to make a comparison of the use of restorative justice instruments – focusing specifically on mediation – between the two Countries considered. The US is the birthplace of diversion programs and restorative paradigm, therefore it represents an important element of reflection regarding the attention of the system towards victims (their needs and feelings, for example) and the possible creation of a new restorative justice culture.

La tesi presenta l’analisi relazionale di una Organizzazione di Terzo settore. La ricerca, di stampo qualitativo, si è posta nell’ottica di proseguire nell’approfondimento teorico-metodologico dell’approccio relazionale al Lavoro sociale di rete. Il caso studiato è rappresentato dai Centri di Ascolto di Caritas Ambrosiana, organizzazioni che si trovano in prima linea nel fronteggiamento dei problemi sociali e comunitari. Finalità della ricerca è stata comprendere in che modo le strategie organizzative possono promuovere, o meno, l’adozione di un approccio relazionale al lavoro sociale da parte dei propri operatori impegnati sul campo. Le Organizzazioni di Welfare esprimono relazionalità nella misura in cui i loro attori sono orientati reciprocamente e nei confronti dei destinatari dei loro interventi. L’analisi è stata condotta a tre livelli di definizione delle policy, management e fieldwork, a partire da alcune definizioni di organizzazione che ne mettono in luce i fattori costitutivi quali finalità, personale, strumenti e processi operativi. Per ciascuno di questi fattori organizzativi si sono verificate le dimensioni di relazionalità presenti sia nei contenuti, sia nei processi di definizione degli stessi. Gi studi teorico-metodologici sul lavoro sociale di rete (Folgheraiter 1998; 2007) hanno fornito i riferimenti scientifici per condurre tale analisi relazionale dell’organizzazione dei Centri di Ascolto. / The thesis is a relational analysis of a non-profit organization. The qualitative research has the aim to continue the study of the theoretical and methodological approach of the relational social work. The case study is represented by Counseling Centres of Caritas Ambrosiana (Milan), that are organizations in frontline to cope with the social and community problems. The purpose of the research was to understand how organizational strategies facilitate the practitioners to work in a relational way. The analysis was conducted at three levels: policy making, management and fieldwork. The analysis starts from some definitions of organization that highlight the elements constituting the organizations such as purpose, staff, tools and processes. For each of these organizational elements, the researcher has studied the characteristics of relationality in the content and in the processes for their definition. The theoretical and methodological studies of relational social work (Folgheraiter 1998, 2007) have provided the scientific references to conduct that relational analysis of these organizations.

<p>Quality was earlier only an issue for the company’s quality departments but today is the entire organization involved in quality- and improvements work. With the customers in focus, both external and internal, quality and improvement work should be integrated in the daily activities. The management shall state goals and visions together with a policy. Through participation the correct requirements for a successful work are created.</p><p>With SPC, statistics process control, there is an opportunity to perceive variations in the process and with the correct tools make it stable. Examples of tools that can be used are the seven QC – tools and the PDCA – cycles, which are presented more detailed in the report.</p><p>By using SPC and the information given by it, a measure of the process capability within fixed tolerances on the produced parts can be achieved.</p><p>The analysis in this report has been made in order to verify the capability and variations in the measuring system used within a selected production sector.</p>

This study is centered on modeling and experimental efforts to simulate and optimize the performance of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) for waste heat recovery systems for use in motor vehicles. TEGs are being studied and developed for applications in which waste heat, for example, from the exhaust of motor vehicles is converted into usable electricity. TEGs consisting of TE elements integrated with an exhaust heat exchanger require optimization to produce the maximum possible power output. Important optimization parameters include TE element leg length, fill fraction, leg area ratio between n- and p-type legs, and load resistance. A finite difference model was developed to study the interdependencies among these optimization parameters for thermoelectric elements integrated with an exhaust gas heat exchanger. The present study was carried out for TE devices made from n-type Mg₂Si and p-type MnSi[subscript 1.8] based silicides, which are promising TE materials for use at high temperatures associated with some exhaust heat recovery systems. The model uses specified convection boundary conditions instead of specified temperature boundary conditions to duplicate realistic operating conditions for a waste heat recovery system installed in the exhaust of a vehicle. A numerical model for a new waste heat recovery system configuration was proposed which showed an improvement of 40% in net power output over the conventional systems while using approximately 60% more TEG modules. The 1st generation, and an improved 2nd generation TEG module using n-type Mg₂Si and p-type MnSi[subscritp 1.8] based silicides were fabricated and tested to compare and correlate TE power generation with the numerical model. Important results include parameter values for maximum power output per unit area and the interdependencies among those parameters. Heat transfer through the void areas was neglected in the numerical model. When thermal contact resistance between the TE element and the heat exchangers is considered negligible, the numerical model predicts that any volume of TE material can produce the same power per unit area, given the parameters are accurately optimized. Incorporating the thermal contact resistance, the numerical model predicts that the peak power output is greater for longer TE elements with larger leg areas. The optimization results present strategies to improve the performance of TEG modules used for waste heat recovery systems. / text

Quality was earlier only an issue for the company’s quality departments but today is the entire organization involved in quality- and improvements work. With the customers in focus, both external and internal, quality and improvement work should be integrated in the daily activities. The management shall state goals and visions together with a policy. Through participation the correct requirements for a successful work are created. With SPC, statistics process control, there is an opportunity to perceive variations in the process and with the correct tools make it stable. Examples of tools that can be used are the seven QC – tools and the PDCA – cycles, which are presented more detailed in the report. By using SPC and the information given by it, a measure of the process capability within fixed tolerances on the produced parts can be achieved. The analysis in this report has been made in order to verify the capability and variations in the measuring system used within a selected production sector.

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