Web application vulnerabilities of critical are commonly found in web applications. The arguably most problematic class of web application vulnerabilities is SQL injections. SQL injection vulnerabilities can be used to execute commands on the database coupled to the web application, e.g., to extract the web application’s user and passwords data. Black box testing tools are often used (both by system owners and their adversaries) to discover vul- nerabilities in a running web application. Hence, how well they perform at discovering SQL injection vulnerabilities is of importance. This thesis describes an experiment assessing de- tection capability for different SQL injection vulnerabilities under different conditions. In the experiment the following is varied: SQL injection vulnerability (17 instances allowing tautologies, piggy-backed queries, and logically incorrect queries), scanners (four products), exploitability (three levels), input vector (POST/GET), and time investment (three levels). The number of vulnerabilities detected is largely determined by the choice of scanner (30% to 77%) and the input vector (71% or 38%). The interaction between the scanner and input vector is substantial since two scanners cannot handle the POST-vector at all. Substantial differences are also found between how well different SQL injection vulnerabilities are de- tected and the more exploitable variants are detected more often, as expected. The impact of time spent with the scan interacts with the scanner - some scanners required considerable time to configure and other did not – and as a consequence the relationship between time investments to detection capabilities is non-trivial.

Context. Many applications today use databases to store user informationor other data for their applications. This information can beaccessed through various different languages depending on what typeof database it is. Databases that use SQL can maliciously be exploitedwith SQL injection attacks. This type of attack involves inserting SQLcode in the query parameter. The injected code sent from the clientwill then be executed on the database. This can lead to unauthorizedaccess to data or other modifications within the database. Objectives. In this study we investigate if a system can be builtwhich prevents SQL injection attacks from succeeding on web applicationsthat is connected with a MySQL database. In the intendedmodel, a proxy is placed between the web server and the database.The purpose of the proxy is to hash the SQL query parameter dataand remove any characters that the database will interpret as commentsyntax. By processing each query before it reaches its destination webelieve we can prevent vulnerable SQL injection points from being exploited. Methods. A literary study is conducted the gain the knowledgeneeded to accomplish the objectives for this thesis. A proxy is developedand tested within a system containing a web server and database.The tests are analyzed to arrive at a conclusion that answers ours researchquestions. Results. Six tests are conducted which includes detection of vulnerableSQL injection points and the delay difference on the system withand without the proxy. The result is presented and analyzed in thethesis. Conclusions. We conclude that the proxy prevents SQL injectionpoints to be vulnerable on the web application. Vulnerable SQL injectionpoints is still reported even with the proxy deployed in thesystem. The web server is able to process more http requests that requiresa database query when the proxy is not used within the system.More studies are required since there is still vulnerable SQL injectionspoints.

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It is not uncommon to read about hacker attacks in the newspaper today. The hackers are targeting governments and enterprises, and motives vary. It may be political or economic reasons, or just to gain reputation. News about smaller systems is, unsurprisingly, not as common. Does this mean that security is less relevant of smaller systems? This report investigates the threat model of smaller web applications, to answer that very question.Different attacks are described in the detail needed for explaining their threat but the intention is not to teach the reader to write secure code. The report does, however, provide the reader with a rich source of references for that purpose. After describing some of the worst threats, the general cloud threat model is analyzed. This is followed by a practical analysis of a cloud system, and the report is closed with general strategies for countering threats.The severe destruction that a successful attack may cause and the high prevalence of those attacks motivates some security practices to be performed whenever software is produced. Attacks against smaller companies are more common now than ever before

Testing is an indispensable mechanism for assuring software quality. One of the key issues in testing is to obtain a test data set that is able to effectively test an implementation. An adequate test data set consists of test cases that can expose faults in a software implementation. Mutation-based testing can be employed to obtain adequate test data sets, and numerous mutation operators have been proposed to date to measure the adequacy of test data sets that reveal functional faults. However, implementations that pass functionality tests are still vulnerable to malicious attacks. Despite the rigorous use of various existing testing techniques, many vulnerabilities are discovered after the deployment of software implementations, such as buffer overflows (BOF), SQL injections, and format string bugs (FSB). Successful exploitations of these vulnerabilities may result in severe consequences such as denial of services, application state corruptions, and information leakage. Many approaches have been proposed to detect these vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, very few approaches address the issue of testing implementations against vulnerabilities. Moreover, these approaches do not provide an indication whether a test data set is adequate for vulnerability testing or not. We believe that bringing the idea of traditional functional test adequacy to vulnerability testing can help address the issue of test adequacy. In this thesis, we apply the idea of mutation-based adequate testing to perform vulnerability testing of buffer overflows, SQL injections, and format string bugs. We propose mutation operators to force the generation of adequate test data sets for these vulnerabilities. The operators mutate source code to inject the vulnerabilities in the library function calls and unsafe implementation language elements. The mutants generated by the operators are killed by test cases that expose these vulnerabilities. We propose distinguishing or killing criteria for mutants that consider varying symptoms of exploitations. Three prototype tools are developed to automatically generate mutants and perform mutation analysis with input test cases and the effectiveness of the proposed operators is evaluated on several open source programs containing known vulnerabilities. The results indicate that the proposed operators are effective for testing the vulnerabilities, and the mutation-based vulnerability testing process ensures the quality of the applications against these vulnerabilities. / Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2008-08-18 13:53:04.036

It is difficult to develop a program that is completely free from vulnerabilities. Despite the applications of many approaches to secure programs, vulnerability exploitations occur in real world in large numbers. Exploitations of vulnerabilities may corrupt memory spaces and program states, lead to denial of services and authorization bypassing, provide attackers the access to authorization information, and leak sensitive information. Monitoring at the program code level can be a way of vulnerability exploitation detection at runtime. In this work, we propose a monitor embedding framework DESERVE (a framework for DEtecting program SEcuRity Vulnerability Exploitations). DESERVE identifies exploitable statements from source code based on static backward slicing and embeds necessary code to detect attacks. During the deployment stage, the enhanced programs execute exploitable statements in a separate test environment. Unlike traditional monitors that extract and store program state information to compare with vulnerable free program states to detect exploitation, our approach does not need to save state information. Moreover, the slicing technique allows us to avoid the tracking of fine grained level of information about runtime program environments such as input flow and memory state. We implement DESERVE for detecting buffer overflow, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting attacks. We evaluate our approach for real world programs implemented in C and PHP languages. The results show that the approach can detect some of the well-known attacks. Moreover, the approach imposes negligible runtime overhead. / Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2011-09-19 19:04:28.423

Medical area has been benefited by the use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in recent days. CMIS (Combined Mobile Information System), our proposed model system, is such a system targeted for health care system. IMIS (Integrated Mobile Information System), a system for diabetic healthcare, which is being developed in Blekinge Institute of Technology will be taken as a case study for our proposed system. CMIS is a multi-role system with core service being medical-care related and others like self-monitoring, journal-writing, communicating with fellow patients, relatives, etc. The main reason for not using CMIS could be the security and privacy of the users' information. Any system connected to Internet is always prone to attack, and we think CMIS is no exception. The security and privacy is even more important considering the legal and ethical issues of the sensitive medical data. The CMIS system can be accessed through PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), smart phones or computer via Internet using GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)/UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) and wired-communication respectively. On the other hand, it also increases the burden for security and privacy, related to the use of such communications. This thesis discusses various security and privacy issues arising from the use of mobile communication and wired communication in context of CMIS i.e., issues related to GPRS (mobile) and web application (using wired communication). Along with the threats and vulnerabilities, possible countermeasures are also discussed. This thesis also discusses the prospect of using MP2P (Mobile Peer-to-Peer) as a service for some services (for example, instant messaging system between patients) in CMIS. However, our main concern is to study MP2P feasibility with prospect to privacy. In this thesis, we have tried to identify various security and privacy threats and vulnerabilities CMIS could face, security services required to be achieved and countermeasure against those threats and vulnerabilities. In order to accomplish the goal, a literature survey was carried out to find potential vulnerabilities and threats and their solution for our proposed system. We found out that XSS (cross-site scripting), SQL injection and DoS attack being common for a web application. We also found that attack against mobile communication is relatively complex thus difficult to materialize. In short, we think that an overall planned security approach (routinely testing system for vulnerabilities, applying patches, etc) should be used to keep threats and attacks at bay.

Context: SQL injection attack (SQLIA) poses a serious defense threat to web applications by allowing attackers to gain unhindered access to the underlying databases containing potentially sensitive information. A lot of methods and techniques have been proposed by different researchers and practitioners to mitigate SQL injection problem. However, deploying those methods and techniques without a clear understanding can induce a false sense of security. Classification of such techniques would provide a great assistance to get rid of such false sense of security. Objectives: This paper is focused on classification of such techniques by building taxonomy of SQL injection defense techniques. Methods: Systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted using five reputed and familiar e-databases; IEEE, ACM, Engineering Village (Inspec/Compendex), ISI web of science and Scopus. Results: 61 defense techniques are found and based on these techniques, a taxonomy of SQL injection defense techniques is built. Our taxonomy consists of various dimensions which can be grouped under two higher order terms; detection method and evaluation criteria. Conclusion: The taxonomy provides a basis for comparison among different defense techniques. Organization(s) can use our taxonomy to choose suitable owns depending on their available resources and environments. Moreover, this classification can lead towards a number of future research directions in the field of SQL injection. / 0760880470, 0700183408

SQL injection is a technique directed against web applications using an SQL database, which can pose a huge security risk. It involves inserting code into an SQL database, and this attack exploits vulnerabilities in the database or application layer. The main goal of my thesis is to get acquainted with the essence of SQL injection, to understand the various methods of this attack technique and to show ways to defend against it. The work can be divided into these main parts, which I will discuss as follows.In the introductory part of the work I mention the theoretical basis concerning SQL injection issues. The next chapter is focused on individual methods of this technique. The analytical part is devoted to mapping the current state of test subjects, scanning tools, which form the basis for optimal research and testing of individual SQL methods, which are discussed in this part from a practical point of view along with the analysis of commands. In the last part I will implement SQL methods on selected subjects and based on the outputs I will create a universal design solution how to defend against such attacks.