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In hot climate areas, the electrical load in a building spikes, but not by the same amount daily due to various conditions. In order to cover the hottest day of the year, large cooling systems are installed, but are not fully utilized during all hot summer days. As a result, the investments in these cooling systems cannot be fully justified. A solution for more optimal use of the building cooling system is presented in this dissertation using Cool Thermal Energy Storage (CTES) deployed at a district level. Such CTES systems are charged overnight and the cool charge is dispatched as cool air during the day. The integration of the CTES helps to downsize the otherwise large cooling systems designed for the hottest day of the year. This reduces the capital costs of installing large cooling systems. However, one important question remains - how much of the CTES should be charged during the night, such that the cooling load for the next day is fully met and at the same time the CTES charge is fully utilized during the day. The solution presented in this dissertation integrated the CTES with Photovoltaics (PV) power forecasting and building load forecasting at a district level for a more optimal charge/discharge management. A district comprises several buildings of different load profiles, all connected to the same cooling system with central CTES. The use of forecasting for both the PV and the building cooling load allows the building operator to more accurately determine how much of the CTES should be charged during the night, such that the cooling system and CTES can meet the cooling demand for the next day. Using this approach, the CTES would be optimally sized, and utilized more efficiently during the day. At the same time, peak load savings are achieved, thus benefiting an electric utility company. The district presented in this dissertation comprises PV panels and three types of buildings – a mosque, a clinic and an office building. In order to have a good estimation for the required CTES charge for the next day, reliable forecasts for the PV panel outputs and the electrical load of the three buildings are required. In the model developed for the current work, dust was introduced as a new input feature in all of the forecasting models to improve the models' accuracy. Dust levels play an important role in PV output forecasts in areas with high and variable dust values. The overall solution used both the PV panel forecasts and the building load forecasts to estimate the CTES charge for the next day. The presented method was tested against the baseline method with no forecasting system. Multiple scenarios were conducted with different cooling system sizes and different CTES capacities. Research findings indicated that the presented method utilized the CTES charge more efficiently than the baseline method. This led to more savings in the energy consumption at the district level. / Doctor of Philosophy / In hot weather areas around the world, the electrical load in a building spikes because of the cooling load, but not by the same amount daily due to various conditions. In order to meet the demand of the hottest day of the year, large cooling systems are installed. However, these large systems are not fully utilized during all hot summer days. As a result, the investments in these cooling systems cannot be fully justified. A solution for more optimal use of the building cooling system is presented in this dissertation using Cool Thermal Energy Storage (CTES) deployed at a district level. Such CTES systems are charged overnight and the cool charge is dispatched as cool air during the day. The integration of the CTES helps to downsize the otherwise large cooling systems designed for the hottest day of the year. This reduces the capital costs of installing large cooling systems. However, one important question remains - how much of the CTES should be charged during the night, such that the cooling load for the next day is fully met and at the same time the CTES charge is fully utilized during the day. The solution presented in this dissertation integrated the CTES with Photovoltaics (PV) power forecasting and building load forecasting at a district level for a more optimal charge/discharge management. A district comprises several buildings all connected to the same cooling system with central CTES. The use of the forecasting for both the PV and the building cooling load allows the building operator to more accurately determine how much of the CTES should be charged during the night, such that the cooling system and CTES can meet the cooling demand for the next day. Using this approach, the CTES would be optimally sized and utilized more efficiently. At the same time, peak load is lowered, thus benefiting an electric utility company.

Master of Science / Food Science Institute / Elizabeth A. E. Boyle / The market for bison meat products is increasing as a result of consumer interest in meat from animals that are primarily grass fed. Quality attributes of a bison meat snack containing cranberry and apple pieces and formed into a bar or bite were evaluated during 18 weeks of storage in a 40°C accelerated shelf life cabinet to simulate an ambient shelf life of 18 months. The products were formulated at a commercial facility; bars were packaged into a vacuum package, while bites were packaged in a sealed bag with an oxygen absorber. External color, pH, sensory attributes, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), water activity (a[subscript]w), and yeast and mold populations were determined. External color, pH, and a[subscript]w were evaluated on weeks 0, 3, 5, 12, 14, and 18 of accelerated storage. Sensory attributes, WBSF shear force, and yeast and mold populations were evaluated on weeks 0, 3, 5, 12, and 18. At week 0 and week 18, external L* for the bars and bites were similar (P>0.05); however, trained panelists observed both products becoming visually darker (P<0.05) by weeks 3 and 12 for bars and bites, respectively. For bars and bites, a* values remained constant (P>0.05) through week 5 and 12, respectively, and then became less red (P<0.05) by week 14 for bars and bites. Bars continued to become less red (P<0.05) by week 18. Bar a[subscript]w remained constant (P>0.05) from week 0 through week 18, while bites a[subscript]w remained constant through week 5, and then declined (P<0.05) to a mean a[subscript]w of 0.83 by week 18. Bar pH remained constant (P>0.05) through week 5, and then declined (P<0.05) to 4.32 at week 18. Bites pH declined (P<0.05) from 4.63 at week 0 to 4.22 at week 18. Yeast and mold populations were non-detectable throughout storage for both products. Panelists found that bar bite and tenderness remained similar (P>0.05) from 4.63 at week 0 through week 18. Bites became softer and more tender (P<0.05) from week 0 to week 3, and then remained similar (P>0.05) through week 18. Bars and bites WBSF remained similar (P>0.05) from week 0 through week 18. Bar sweetness and fruit flavor intensity declined (P<0.05) and bar and bite off-flavors increased (P<0.05) by the end of storage. Changing product size from bars to bites and using a vacuum bag versus a sealed bag with an oxygen absorber influenced product characteristics during accelerated storage. The recommended shelf life for bars and bites would be equivalent to 5 months at ambient temperature based on 5 weeks at accelerated storage at 40°C.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1931 A91

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1952 N44 / Master of Science