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Sequential Design of Experiments to Estimate a Probability of Failure.Li, Ling 16 May 2012 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis deals with the problem of estimating the probability of failure of a system from computer simulations. When only an expensive-to-simulate model of the system is available, the budget for simulations is usually severely limited, which is incompatible with the use of classical Monte Carlo methods. In fact, estimating a small probability of failure with very few simulations, as required in some complex industrial problems, is a particularly difficult topic. A classical approach consists in replacing the expensive-to-simulate model with a surrogate model that will use little computer resources. Using such a surrogate model, two operations can be achieved. The first operation consists in choosing a number, as small as possible, of simulations to learn the regions in the parameter space of the system that will lead to a failure of the system. The second operation is about constructing good estimators of the probability of failure. The contributions in this thesis consist of two parts. First, we derive SUR (stepwise uncertainty reduction) strategies from a Bayesian-theoretic formulation of the problem of estimating a probability of failure. Second, we propose a new algorithm, called Bayesian Subset Simulation, that takes the best from the Subset Simulation algorithm and from sequential Bayesian methods based on Gaussian process modeling. The new strategies are supported by numerical results from several benchmark examples in reliability analysis. The methods proposed show good performances compared to methods of the literature.
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Sequential Design of Experiments to Estimate a Probability of Failure. / Planification d'expériences séquentielle pour l'estimation de probabilités de défaillanceLi, Ling 16 May 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse aborde le problème de l'estimation de la probabilité de défaillance d'un système à partir de simulations informatiques. Lorsqu'on dispose seulement d'un modèle du système coûteux à simuler, le budget de simulations est généralement très limité, ce qui est incompatible avec l’utilisation de méthodes Monte Carlo classiques. En fait, l’estimation d’une petite probabilité de défaillance à partir de simulations très coûteuses, comme on peut rencontrer dans certains problèmes industriels complexes, est un sujet particulièrement difficile. Une approche classique consiste à remplacer le modèle coûteux à simuler par un modèle de substitution nécessitant de faibles ressources informatiques. A partir d’un tel modèle de substitution, deux opérations peuvent être réalisées. La première opération consiste à choisir des simulations, en nombre aussi petit que possible, pour apprendre les régions de l’espace des paramètres du système qui construire de bons estimateurs de la probabilité de défaillance. Cette thèse propose deux contributions. Premièrement, nous proposons des stratégies de type SUR (Stepwise Uncertainty Reduction) à partir d’une formulation bayésienne du problème d’estimation d’une probabilité de défaillance. Deuxièmement, nous proposons un nouvel algorithme, appelé Bayesian Subset Simulation, qui prend le meilleur de l’algorithme Subset Simulation et des approches séquentielles bayésiennes utilisant la modélisation du système par processus gaussiens. Ces nouveaux algorithmes sont illustrés par des résultats numériques concernant plusieurs exemples de référence dans la littérature de la fiabilité. Les méthodes proposées montrent de bonnes performances par rapport aux méthodes concurrentes. / This thesis deals with the problem of estimating the probability of failure of a system from computer simulations. When only an expensive-to-simulate model of the system is available, the budget for simulations is usually severely limited, which is incompatible with the use of classical Monte Carlo methods. In fact, estimating a small probability of failure with very few simulations, as required in some complex industrial problems, is a particularly difficult topic. A classical approach consists in replacing the expensive-to-simulate model with a surrogate model that will use little computer resources. Using such a surrogate model, two operations can be achieved. The first operation consists in choosing a number, as small as possible, of simulations to learn the regions in the parameter space of the system that will lead to a failure of the system. The second operation is about constructing good estimators of the probability of failure. The contributions in this thesis consist of two parts. First, we derive SUR (stepwise uncertainty reduction) strategies from a Bayesian-theoretic formulation of the problem of estimating a probability of failure. Second, we propose a new algorithm, called Bayesian Subset Simulation, that takes the best from the Subset Simulation algorithm and from sequential Bayesian methods based on Gaussian process modeling. The new strategies are supported by numerical results from several benchmark examples in reliability analysis. The methods proposed show good performances compared to methods of the literature.
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