Nos últimos anos, as indústrias têm mostrado muito interesse em procurar sistemas de pinturas que possam ser mais eficientes na proteção do substrato metálico. Os sistemas comuns de pinturas criam uma barreira passiva sobre substrato que evita o contato com a água e outras espécies agressivas. No entanto, a degradação do revestimento pode ocorrer como consequência de fatores externos como radiação UV, temperatura ou ação mecânica. Por este motivo, pesquisadores têm buscado sistemas de pintura com proteção ativa que sejam capazes de se autorreparar (self-healing), levando o substrato a um tempo de vida em serviço mais prolongado. Uma maneira para atingir este efeito ativo é a incorporação de sistemas de nanocontainers ou nanorreservatórios com material ativo encapsulado (inibidores de corrosão) na matriz do revestimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o efeito na resistência à corrosão do aço carbono ABNT 1020 numa solução de NaCl 0,01 mol/L quando seja submetido a um prétratamento com camada de tinta alquídica aditivada com nanocontainers contendo o inibidor de corrosão dodecilamina. Três tipos de nanocontainers foram avaliados: 1) nanocontainers a base de nanopartículas de sílica revestida com diferentes camadas de polieletrólitos. 2) nanocontainers a base do mineral haloisita. 3) nanocontainers a base de uma sílica mesoporosa com arranjo ordenado hexagonal tipo SBA-15. Também foi estudada a cinética de liberação do inibidor dodecilamina dos diferentes tipos de nanocontainers usando a técnica de impedância eletroquímica. Os métodos eletroquímicos utilizados para avaliar a resistência a corrosão e o efeito de autorreparação ou self healing foram a técnica de varredura do eletrodo vibratório (SVET) e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS), obtidas em solução aerada de NaCl 0,01 mol/L para chapas de aço carbono revestidas. Testes acelerados de corrosão numa câmara de névoa salina (SSC) foram realizados seguindo a norma ASTM B 117-11. As imagens de microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão foram obtidas para conhecer a estrutura e morfologia dos nanocontainers e o aspecto dos corpos de prova pintados. A caracterização da sílica mesoporosa foi realizada por termogravimetria (TGA), adsorção e dessorção de nitrogênio e difração de raios-X. Os estudos de cinética de liberação do inibidor foram realizados numa solução de NaCl 0,1 mol/L a diferentes valores de pH (2, 9 e 6.2) e contendo 1% m/m de nanocontainers carregados com inibidor dodecilamina, onde foi possível demonstrar que a pH 2 a velocidade de liberação do inibidor foi maior para os três tipos de nanocontainers estudados. Com relação aos resultados de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS) e técnica de varredura com eletrodo vibratório (SVET) para os corpos de prova revestidos com uma tinta alquídica contendo 10 % m/m de nanopartículas de sílica obtidas por Lb-L ou haloisita e 15 % m/m de sílica mesoporosa foi comprovado o efeito selfhealing da tinta pela liberação do inibidor dodecilamina encapsulado dentro da estrutura do nanocontainer. Este efeito também foi notado nos testes de névoa salina, onde o inibidor de corrosão é liberado pelo abaixamento do pH nas regiões anódicas ou de corrosão retardando o processo de corrosão na região do defeito. / In the last years, the industries have shown much interest in searching painting systems that may be more effective in protecting the metallic substrate. Common painting systems create a passive barrier over the substrate that avoids contact with the water and other aggressive species. However, degradation of the coating may occur as a result of external factors such as UV radiation, temperature or mechanical action. For this reason, researchers have sought paint active protection systems that are able to self-repair (self-healing) leading to a longer lifetime of the substrate. One way to achieve this active effect is the incorporation of nanocontainer systems with encapsulated active material (corrosion inhibitors) to the coating matrix. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect on corrosion resistance of carbon steel ABNT 1020 in aerated 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution when it is subjected to a pretreatment with alkyd paint layer doped with nanocontainers containing dodecylamine as corrosion inhibitor. Three types of nanocontainers were evaluated: 1) SiO2 nanoparticles coated with polyelectrolytes multilayers. 2) halloysite nanoparticles. 3) type SBA-15 mesoporous silica particles of. The kinetics of release of the inhibitor dodecylamine from the different types of nanocontainers was also determined indirectly using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. Electrochemical measurements were performed to evaluate the self-healing effect of coated carbon steel panels after a provoked defect with scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), all measurements were performed in an aerated NaCl 0.01 mol/L solution. Accelerated corrosion tests in salt spray chamber (SSC) were also carried out following the prescriptions of ASTM B 117-11 standard. The images from optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy were obtained to show the morphology and structure of the nanocontainers and the aspect of coated samples. The characterization of mesoporous silica was made by transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry (TGA), adsorption/desorption of N2 and X-ray diffraction. Kinetic studies of the release of encapsulated corrosion inhibitor were performed in NaCl 0.1 mol/L solution at different pH values (2, 9 and 6.2) containing 1 wt. % of dispersed nanocontainers loaded with dodecylamine inhibitor, and it was possible to confirm that at pH 2 condition the release of inhibitor was more efficient in comparison to other pH conditions (9 and 6.2). On the other hand, the results obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) of the coated carbon steel panels with alkyd paint loaded with 10 wt. % (SiO2 nanoparticles or halloysite) and 15 wt. % (mesoporous silica) has proven the self-healing effect by the release of corrosion inhibitor from nanocontainers on the defect area triggered by the pH decrease typical of anodic or corroding areas. This self-healing and protective effect was also noticed in salt spray tests, where the corrosion inhibitor was released slowing down the corrosion process on the defective region.

The excellent corrosion resistance of stainless steels arises from the presence of a passive film on its surface. Above 10.5wt% Cr a chromium oxide of 1-3 nm is formed on the surface of the metal that in case of damage will reform and hinder further dissolution of the metal. However, the passivity of the stainless steel can be altered by material factors and external factors; such as the composition of the underlying phases, external loads or thermal treatments. In this work the local electrochemical techniques Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) and Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM) and the local characterization techniques X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) have been used to investigate corrosion phenomena of stainless alloys based on measurements of corrosion current density, work function, thickness and composition of the oxide. The effect on work function of the thickness of the passive film and composition of the underlying phases was investigated for 301LN austenitic stainless steel (Paper I) and a heat treated superduplex 25Cr7Ni type stainless steel (Paper II). It was shown that the work function can be an indicator of corrosion resistance of the phases in the microstructure, and that the composition of the underlying phases had a greater effect on the work function than the thickness of the passive film. External factors such mechanical deformation (Paper I) and welding (Paper III) altered the passivity of the steel and work function. It was found that plastic deformation decreased irreversibly the work function, whereas elastic deformation did not have any permanent effect. Thermal oxides affected the passivity of stainless steels welded joints and were detrimental for its corrosion resistance. Anodic activity, observed with SVET, and pitting corrosion were detected at the heat tint and attributed to the interaction between the composition and the thickness of the oxide. Brushing combined with pickling was recommended for recovering the passivity of stainless steels. / <p>QC 20160516</p>

Our dissertation thesis Psychotherapy as education for authenticity - Life-world as a psychotherapeutic problem deals with ontological foundations of psychotherapy. We present the change of understanding of a man and the world from antiquity to now. Psychotherapy as a new discipline is based on subject - object understanding and tries to understand human being from this perspective which changes into internal conflict. We consider that psychotherapy and psychology aren't aware of their ontological foundations. The core of this work is based on principles of Husserl's phenomenology and Heidegger's fundamental ontology as conditions of natural psychotherapy. They both bring appropriate understanding of human being. Therefore we consider basic principles of natural psychotherapy. Keywords: Life - World, psychotherapy, authenticity, ontology, education, time

The master thesis "Lomnička now and then: Changes of social structure in a village and its reflection in life-worlds of Gypsy children" reconstructs a life in Lomnička together with capturing a change of social structure of inhabitants by creating a past and present picture of the village. A result of the reconstruction is an environment that shows signs of a culture of poverty. This environment sets a base of living space for children in village. In short, it describes problems of the space as well as character of Gypsy family (beliefs, habits, social organization, and relationship to nature) and childhood itself. The aim is to find out how children in Lomnička reflect contemporary environment in their life-worlds. With a help of mental maps, this thesis describes life-world of children in which environment created by family and environment created by church is interconnected. Such a fact is reflected, in children's life-worlds, in positive presentation of their environment and mainly in change of their habits.

No description available.

As ligas de alumínio AA2024 e AA7050 tradicionalmente são utilizadas na fabricação de estruturas da fuselagem e da asa de aeronaves. Normalmente, a união dos componentes dessas estruturas é realizada por rebites, já que processos de soldagem com fusão produziriam defeitos indesejáveis. O processo de soldagem por fricção linear com mistura ou Friction Stir Welding (FSW) é uma alternativa à união de chapas de ligas de alumínio por rebites haja vista que não há fusão do material durante a união. No presente trabalho estudou-se o comportamento eletroquímico e a caracterização microestrutural de uma junta sobreposta, composta por um perfil extrudado da liga AA7050-T76511 e uma chapa da liga AA2024-T3, ambos previamente anodizados, soldada por fricção linear com mistura. O comportamento eletroquímico foi avaliado através da utilização da Técnica de Varredura com Eletrodo Vibratório (SVET), medidas do potencial de corrosão e curvas de voltametria cíclica em solução de 0,1 M de NaCl. Correntes anódicas mais intensas foram medidas na região da solda e ainda verificou-se que esta possui menores potenciais de pite e corrosão do que ambas as ligas. Também foi constatada a presença de corrosão intercristalina em ambas as ligas e na região da solda, porém com maior severidade na liga AA2024-T3. / AA2024 and AA7050 aluminum alloys are traditionally used in the manufacture of fuselage structures and aircrafts wings. Usually, the component union of these structures is made using rivets since weld process with melting will produce unwanted defects. The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process is an alternative way to replace the traditional rivet union of aluminum alloys in the aeronautical and aerospace industries since the material does not melt during the joint. In the present work it has been studied the electrochemical behavior and microstructural characterization of a lap joint composed of an extruded profile of AA7050-T76511 alloy and a sheet of AA2024-T3 alloy, both of them previously anodized and jointed by friction stir welding. The electrochemical behavior was evaluated by means of Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET), measurements of the corrosion potential and cyclic voltammetry in 0,1 M NaCl. Higher anodic currents were found in the weld region, moreover this region has the lowest pit and corrosion potential. Intercrystalline corrosion was found in both alloys and in the weld region, with the highest intensity in the AA2024-T3 alloy.

As ligas de alumínio AA2024 e AA7050 tradicionalmente são utilizadas na fabricação de estruturas da fuselagem e da asa de aeronaves. Normalmente, a união dos componentes dessas estruturas é realizada por rebites, já que processos de soldagem com fusão produziriam defeitos indesejáveis. O processo de soldagem por fricção linear com mistura ou Friction Stir Welding (FSW) é uma alternativa à união de chapas de ligas de alumínio por rebites haja vista que não há fusão do material durante a união. No presente trabalho estudou-se o comportamento eletroquímico e a caracterização microestrutural de uma junta sobreposta, composta por um perfil extrudado da liga AA7050-T76511 e uma chapa da liga AA2024-T3, ambos previamente anodizados, soldada por fricção linear com mistura. O comportamento eletroquímico foi avaliado através da utilização da Técnica de Varredura com Eletrodo Vibratório (SVET), medidas do potencial de corrosão e curvas de voltametria cíclica em solução de 0,1 M de NaCl. Correntes anódicas mais intensas foram medidas na região da solda e ainda verificou-se que esta possui menores potenciais de pite e corrosão do que ambas as ligas. Também foi constatada a presença de corrosão intercristalina em ambas as ligas e na região da solda, porém com maior severidade na liga AA2024-T3. / AA2024 and AA7050 aluminum alloys are traditionally used in the manufacture of fuselage structures and aircrafts wings. Usually, the component union of these structures is made using rivets since weld process with melting will produce unwanted defects. The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process is an alternative way to replace the traditional rivet union of aluminum alloys in the aeronautical and aerospace industries since the material does not melt during the joint. In the present work it has been studied the electrochemical behavior and microstructural characterization of a lap joint composed of an extruded profile of AA7050-T76511 alloy and a sheet of AA2024-T3 alloy, both of them previously anodized and jointed by friction stir welding. The electrochemical behavior was evaluated by means of Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET), measurements of the corrosion potential and cyclic voltammetry in 0,1 M NaCl. Higher anodic currents were found in the weld region, moreover this region has the lowest pit and corrosion potential. Intercrystalline corrosion was found in both alloys and in the weld region, with the highest intensity in the AA2024-T3 alloy.

As ligas de alumínio AA2024 e AA7050 tradicionalmente são utilizadas na fabricação de estruturas da fuselagem e da asa de aeronaves. Normalmente, a união dos componentes dessas estruturas é realizada por rebites, já que processos de soldagem com fusão produziriam defeitos indesejáveis. O processo de soldagem por fricção linear com mistura ou Friction Stir Welding (FSW) é uma alternativa à união de chapas de ligas de alumínio por rebites haja vista que não há fusão do material durante a união. No presente trabalho estudou-se o comportamento eletroquímico e a caracterização microestrutural de uma junta sobreposta, composta por um perfil extrudado da liga AA7050-T76511 e uma chapa da liga AA2024-T3, ambos previamente anodizados, soldada por fricção linear com mistura. O comportamento eletroquímico foi avaliado através da utilização da Técnica de Varredura com Eletrodo Vibratório (SVET), medidas do potencial de corrosão e curvas de voltametria cíclica em solução de 0,1 M de NaCl. Correntes anódicas mais intensas foram medidas na região da solda e ainda verificou-se que esta possui menores potenciais de pite e corrosão do que ambas as ligas. Também foi constatada a presença de corrosão intercristalina em ambas as ligas e na região da solda, porém com maior severidade na liga AA2024-T3. / AA2024 and AA7050 aluminum alloys are traditionally used in the manufacture of fuselage structures and aircrafts wings. Usually, the component union of these structures is made using rivets since weld process with melting will produce unwanted defects. The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process is an alternative way to replace the traditional rivet union of aluminum alloys in the aeronautical and aerospace industries since the material does not melt during the joint. In the present work it has been studied the electrochemical behavior and microstructural characterization of a lap joint composed of an extruded profile of AA7050-T76511 alloy and a sheet of AA2024-T3 alloy, both of them previously anodized and jointed by friction stir welding. The electrochemical behavior was evaluated by means of Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET), measurements of the corrosion potential and cyclic voltammetry in 0,1 M NaCl. Higher anodic currents were found in the weld region, moreover this region has the lowest pit and corrosion potential. Intercrystalline corrosion was found in both alloys and in the weld region, with the highest intensity in the AA2024-T3 alloy.

This thesis "The Cosmological Education by E. Fink" represents modified and extended text of the publication (2018), which was the result of the grant project GA UK. Through commented translations of the excerpts of Fink's books, parts of his diaries, unpublished notes from his written inheritance, stored in the University archive in Freiburg, this thesis aims to bring new perspective and to provoke discussion about his cosmological philosophy as a possible way of the future social self-development in the nihilistic era. The cosmological philosophy of education shows Fink, the best former student and assistant of the founder of phenomenology, Edmund Husserl, in a quite surprising light - as a radical thinker of Nietzsche's philosophical and educational legacy. Fink knowingly departs from husserlian phenomenology, what is closer described here in the additional chapter dedicated to the problem of technique, science and work. The method of the research intuitively seeks and critically reflects Fink's own way of thinking about the problem of education, which is inseparable from his constant dialogue with the history of philosophy, necessity of the revaluation of the metaphysical bounds and consecutive understanding of a man as ens cosmologicum, what reflects also the structure of the thesis. KEYWORDS...

<p>U radu su definisane teorijske postavke povezivanja koncepata otvorenog i zatvorenog sveta u jedinstven sistem za rukovanje bazom podataka u režimu otvorenog, zatvorenog i otvorenog/zatvorenog sveta. Opisan je konkretan programski sistem BASELOG, koji je razvijen na datim teoretskim postavkama. Opisan je postupak projektovanja baza podataka u oblasti obrazovnog softvera, koji je zasnovan na BASELOG-sistemu.</p> / <p>In this work theoretical bases of connecting concept open and closed world in one data base management system which works through open, closed and open/closed world are defined. BASELOG-program system is descripted and developed on given theoretical bases. There is also descripted process of data base projecting in the field of education software which is based on BASELOG-system.</p>