Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) represents a heterogenous subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which can present in three distinct clinicopathologic variants: indolent type MCL, classic type MCL and blastoid type MCL. Despite the different variations, MCL, in general, is almost always associated with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis, with a strong predilection for significant extranodal involvement, usually to the bone marrow, CNS, peripheral blood and the gastrointestinal tract. However, the literature review reveals ocular involvement is a more rarely described extranodal site of involvement by MCL. Among the reported cases, the orbit was most commonly involved, followed by the eyelid and the lacrimal gland. We report a 63-year-old male who presented with a nine-month history of progressive symptoms of periorbital swelling and eyelid apraxia, causing bilateral visual disturbances. The patient was initially treated for presumed blepharospasm by his ophthalmologist with botulinum toxin injections; however, his periorbital edema continued to worsen, and he developed a discrete nodule in his right lower eyelid. Biopsy of the right eyelid nodule revealed classic type MCL with immunohistochemical testing positive for CD20, CD5, cyclin D1, SOX11 and Ki67 proliferative index of 40%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis detected (11;14) translocation. Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index Combined Biologic Index (MIPIb) score was calculated to be 6.5 points based on his age, ECOG performance status of 0-1, normal serum LDH, normal white blood cell count and elevated Ki67 proliferative index, stratifying patient into the high-risk group, with an estimated median overall survival of 37 months. Due to the bulky MCL involvement in the palpebral conjunctiva affecting his vision and eyelid function, he was immediately treated with radiation therapy to the bilateral orbits. PET-CT revealed adenopathy above and below the diaphragm. Bone marrow biopsy revealed focal involvement (5-10%) by MCL. Brain MRI revealed MCL infiltration in the bilateral orbits and lacrimal glands. Upper and lower endoscopy revealed multiple polyps positive for MCL. Given the advanced stage of the disease and his high-risk stratification, he was started on intensive induction chemotherapy with rituximab, dexamethasone, cytarabine, and carboplatin and received prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate. Systemic imaging after completion of four cycles of treatment revealed near resolution of the majority of the lymphadenopathy and all of the lymph nodes no longer demonstrated any significant metabolic activity. He completed two additional cycles of systemic chemotherapy and is currently being evaluated for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in complete remission-1 given his excellent response to treatment, his young age, high-risk disease at diagnosis, and good performance status. Despite the diffuse and extensive systemic disease, interestingly, our patient did not exhibit any constitutional or metastasis-associated symptoms and only presented with isolated periorbital swelling. Our case emphasizes the rare extranodal site of involvement by MCL and encourages all medical providers to remain cognizant of the varying ways in which MCL can present clinically.

The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to investigate how charged groups within the pulp fibre affect the beatability and the strength of the papers. To obtain different levels of charges on the pulp it was carboxymethylated. The different pulp samples were beaten to different degrees to investigate how charges interact with the beating. A PFI-mill was used for the beating because of the relatively homogenous effect on the fibres and the low demand for pulp fibres for each beating. The influence of the amount of charged groups on the surface and bulk swelling, as a result of the beating process, was evaluated.   The fibres were then analysed in a Fibre tester and using a microscope to see what had happened to the fibre structure.  The results showed that the PFI-mill mainly affects the surface of the fibres. The beatability, defined as the swelling obtain for a specific energy input, was greatly increased by the introduction of charges. It was also shown that there is a possibility to replace some of the energy input in the mill with the introduction of charges to obtain the same swelling and strength.   Paper sheets were formed from the different samples and some mechanical properties were analyzed. It was shown that the strength was initially improved by the introduction of charges but the improvement was partially lost during the beating. At the highest rate of beating the difference in strength between the samples had disappeared. This can be explained by the fact that the fibres, from the sample with highest number of charges, were destroyed. Microscopic images showed that the fibre was delaminated and at some sites there were extreme balloon-like swellings / Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka hur laddade grupper hos massafibrer påverkar malbarheten och styrkan hos de papper som tillverkats av dessa fibrer. För att skapa olika laddningsnivåer karboxymetylerades viss del av massan för att introducera laddade grupper, två delar av ursprungsmassan karboxymetylerades och en del användes som referensmassa.  De olika massaproverna maldes i olika nivåer för att undersöka hur laddningarna och malningen interagerade. En PFI-kvarn användes för att mala fibrerna då det endast krävs små mängder fibrer och denna typ av kvarn påverkar fibrerna relativt homogent. Fibrerna analyserades sedan i en Fibre tester och med ett mikroskop för att se vad som hade hänt med fiberstrukturen. Resultaten visade att en PFI-kvarn till största delen påverkar fibrernas yta.  Malbarheten, som definierades som den svällning som åstadkoms vid en viss energiinsats i form av malvarv i kvarnen, ökades markant då ytterligare laddningar fanns närvarande i fibrerna. Det visades också att det går att ersätta en del av malningen med introduktion av laddningar till fibrerna för att uppnå samma svällning och styrka. Pappersark tillverkades därefter av de olika massatyperna och några mekaniska egenskaper testades. Det visades att styrkan ökades initialt av introduktionen av laddningar men denna förbättring minskade vid malningen. Vid den högsta malgraden hade skillnaden mellan de olika massorna försvunnit. Det kan förklaras av att fibrerna, från den massatyp med mest laddningar, hade förstörts. På vissa ställen hade fibern helt delaminerats och extrema ballonglika svällningar fanns.

Neutron irradiated copper-boron alloys are employed to study the mutual interaction between metallic crystalline lattices and inert gases. Inert gases precipitate to form gas bubbles and their growth induces dilation of the matrix. This dilation, technically designated as swelling, affects the structural integrity of nuclear fuels during their service. The estimated enthalpy of solution of helium in copper is 5.5 eV/atom. As a Consequence, its solubility in the copper matrix is extremely poor and it cannot enter a copper based matrix via any thermo-chemical route. Hence, recourse to a nuclear reaction is taken to impregnate copper with helium. Helium is produced in situ through neutron irradiation in copper-boron alloys as a result of (n, alpha) nuclear reaction between boron atoms and neutrons. The characteristic feature of the growth of helium gas bubbles driven by isothermal annealing of the metallic matrix is that their rate of growth is highly sensitive to the distance of the bubbles from the external surface of the specimen. The growth of gas bubbles as a function of time and temperature is modulated by the flow of vacancies from the free surface of the specimen. A theory for the surface induced growth of helium gas bubbles in the neutron irradiated copper-boron alloys is presented here.

The rates of dissolution of heavy crude oil in liquid solvents and rates of desorption of solvents from oil have been measured. The crude oil used is a non-volatile heavy oil of 4253 mPa.s viscosity at room temperature. The solvents used are hexane, heptane and toluene. When the oil (black) is contacted with a solvent (transparent) an interface is seen which moves with time and takes a very long time to become fuzzy. The rate of movementof the front is measured. The dissolution experiments give very consistent results, but there are two parameters involved, Do, the diffusivity at infinite dilution and alpha which determines the concentration dependence. As a result it is necessary to do desorption experiments to be able to calculate both constants from the rate of movement of the front data. However, desorption experiments could not be performed under conditions of low concentrations suitable for the present case because of the very viscous nature of the oil. As a result, although the desorption experiments also showed good results, they could not be used to obtain good values of the parameters. When Stokes-Einstein equation was used to calculate Do, excellent results were obtained with alpha ~ 10 for the dissolution experiments and good deal smaller for the desorption experiments. That result is used to conclude that the above form for concentration dependent diffusivity is correct and concentration dependence is very high at low solvent concentrations explaining the sharp interfaces during dissolution.Other evidences have also been offered.

This thesis focuses on the surface patterning by using nanoporous block copolymer (BCP) stamps. Polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) was used as model BCP. Nanoporous BCP stamps were fabricated by replication of lithographically patterned silicon molds. Nanopores inside of BCP stamps were generated by swelling‐induced pore formation. A method for scanner-based capillary stamping (SCS) with spongy nanoporous BCP stamps was developed. First, in the course of stamps design using replication molding of PS-b-P2VP against surface-modified macroporous silicon molds, PS-b-P2VP fiber rings remaining on the macroporous silicon molds were obtained that allow immobilization of water drops on the hydrophobically modified surfaces of the macroporous silicon molds. Water drops immobilized by these rings can be prevented from dewetting within the PS‐b‐P2VP fiber rings. Second, after spongy nanoporous PS-b-P2VP stamps had been obtained, preliminary experiments with non-inked PS-b-P2VP stamps revealed that parts of the stamps’ contact elements can be lithographically transferred onto counterpart surfaces. As a result, arrays of nanostructured submicron PS‐b‐P2VP dots with heights of ∼100 nm onto silicon wafers and glass slides were produced. Lastly, the SCS technique was developed, which overcomes the limitation of time-consuming re-inking procedures associated with classical soft lithography including microcontact printing (µCP) and polymer pen lithography (PPL) with solid stamps, as well as the limitations regarding throughput of scanning probe‐based serial writing approaches such as nanoscale dispensing (NADIS) and other micropipetting techniques. In addition, sizes of stamped droplets can be controlled by adjusting surface wettability and dwell time.

CHARLES UNIVERSITY Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Name: Vendula Longinová Title of diploma thesis: Rheological and adhesive properties of matrix for freeze-dryied oral vaccines Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Snejdrova, Ph.D. The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the rheological and adhesive properties of formulations for lyophilized oral vaccines and lyophilized tablets formulated on the basis of dextran, iota-carrageenan or trehalose. The theoretical part characterizes dosage forms for application to the oral cavity, lyophilized preparations and excipients for mucoadhesive preparations. In the experimental part, rheological and mucoadhesive properties on a rotary rheometer were evaluated. Formulations containing iota-carrageenan showed higher viscosity, higher gel stiffness, lower degree of relaxation and higher yield stress than trehalose formulations. All lyophilized tablets showed sufficient adhesion to a standardized mucin support in vitro. The performed experiments represent pilot tests of flow, viscoelastic and mucoadhesive properties of lyophilized tablets for oral administration of pertussis vaccine. The contribution of the work is the design of a testing methodology for the final formulations during stability tests. Key words: lyophilized...

The aim of this study was to arrive at a fundamental understanding of kimberlite weathering and of factors which affect the rate and extent of weathering. Weathering was evaluated by measuring the change in size distribution after immersing crushed kimberlite in solutions of various compositions. Reproducibility of the measurements was found to be good, with the cumulative mass passing a given size differing by 7% or less, as tested for various weathering conditions. Kimberlite mineralogy, specifically the swelling clay content, was found to play a central role: kimberlite ores containing no swelling clay were not prone to weathering under any of the conditions tested. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) correlates well with the swelling clay content and with the weathering behaviour. The cation exchange capacity may be used in conjunction with the swelling clay content, as a predictor of possible kimberlite behaviour; however, given the relative complexity and cost of measuring swelling clay content (by X-ray diffraction), the CEC is the preferred parameter for practical use. Cations in the weathering solution have a strong effect on kimberlite weathering; the strength of the effect followed the series Cu2+ > Li+ > Fe2+ > Ca2+ > Fe3+ > Mg2+, whereas K+ and NH4+ stabilised the kimberlite somewhat against weathering. This sequence was in reasonable correlation with the ionic potential (ratio of valency to ionic radius), but with exceptionally strong weathering effects of Cu2+, and (to a lesser extent) of Li+ and Fe2+. The strong effect of the latter group of cations may be related to their tendency to adsorb onto other crystal sites in addition to the interlayer – the associated change in surface energy can change the fracture behaviour of the kimberlite. Measurement of the layer spacing of the swelling clay (by X-ray diffraction) showed no correlation between the weathering effect of a cation and the associated thickness of the interlayer. For solutions of cupric ions, the identity of the anion (chloride or sulphate) has little effect on weathering. The size of the crushed kimberlite ore similarly has little effect on the relative extent of size degradation by weathering. The concentration of cupric ions affects weathering, as does the weathering time – although 85% of the weathering caused by 30 days' exposure was found to occur within the first 24 hours. Increasing the temperature to 40°C (in a magnesium chloride solution) also increased weathering strongly. The kinetics of exchange of cuprous and potassium ions was measured (for two different kimberlites); the apparent reaction order (with respect to the concentration of exchanging cations in solution) varied between 1 and 3.5, and exchange of potassium was more rapid. This work has practical implications for in-plant processing of kimberlite, possible alternative kimberlite processing routes which eliminate one or more crushing steps, and for the stability of mine tunnels which pass through kimberlite. / Thesis (PhD (Metallurgical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / PhD / unrestricted

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18266号 / 工博第3858号 / 新制||工||1592(附属図書館) / 31124 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 福永 俊晴, 教授 白井 泰治, 准教授 徐 蛟 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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