Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire s'inscrivent dans le contexte de l'Ingénierie d'un Système Interactif d'Aide à la Conduite (SIAC) d'un procédé industriel. Nous défendons l'intérêt d'améliorer l'interactivité numérique entre un procédé et un agent (opérateur de conduite, rondier) qui applique des procédures de conduite. L'originalité du SIAC consiste à encapsuler le système physique par un canal d'objets logiques afin de mieux équilibrer la distribution des rôles entre l'humain et le système technique qu'il conduit. Ce SIAC fournit aux opérateurs et aux rondiers des services d'aide à la conduite tels que la localisation des équipements, l'autorisation des actions à exécuter et la validation des actions exécutées, de même que la gestion des contraintes d'exclusion et de dépendances entre actions, imposées par la physique du procédé. La spécification de ce système sociotechnique interprète les travaux des « Problem Frames » en génie informatique pour proposer un procédé de modélisation itératif dans le cadre d'une Ingénierie Système Basée sur des Modèles (ISBM). Cette ISBM s'appuie sur le langage SysML, dont la syntaxe et la sémantique sont spécialisées pour supporter le procédé de modélisation proposé. Cette spécialisation met en correspondance les artéfacts clés extraits à la fois des bonnes pratiques de l'Ingénierie Système et des bonnes pratiques de SysML. / Within the context of the Engineering of an Interactive Aiding System for industrial process Control (SIAC), these works aims to improve the digital interaction between a process and a human operator (control room operator, field operator) which applies control procedures. The proposed SIAC enhances the digital capabilities of the field operator in order to better balance the role distribution between the technical system and the human system. It provides active control services to field operators such as equipment localisation, action authorization and action validation, as well as man-agement services for the verification of exclusions between procedures constraints and verification of de-pendencies between actions constraints.The specification of such socio-technical system interprets the ?Problem Frames? from software engineer-ing in order to propose an iterative Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) process. This MBSE is based on SysML modelling language, whose syntax and semantics are specialized to support the proposed meth-odology. This specialization maps the key artefacts that are extracted from the System Engineering and SysML good practices.

To develop competitive vehicles with ever increasing complexity, automotive designers need to improve their ability to explore a broad range of system architectures efficiently and effectively. Whereas traditional vehicle systems are based upon internal combustion (IC) engines, today’s environmentally conscious vehicle manufacturers must consider alternatives to the IC engine-only systems such as hybrid or electric systems. To help the engineers to model these multiple alternatives, it would be ideal to start from a base vehicle architecture. To design a good vehicle, it is necessary for each of these system architectures to be analyzed from a variety of attributes including performance, fuel economy, or even thermal behavior. Creating the necessary analysis models for each system architecture would be time-consuming, expensive, and could be error prone. To aid in overcoming such challenges, we have developed an approach for supporting the generation of subsystem model templates to support the integration of analysis models. The approach is based on formally modeling the system architecture in the Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML) and then using model transformations to generate stubs for corresponding analysis models in Modelica and Simulink. In this manner, we assist designers in managing large systems with multiple analyses, ensuring that the systems remain consistent, and enabling the reuse of generic architectures through specialization and redefinition. The starting point is a reference architecture, called the Vehicle Model Architecture or VMA, in which all the key subsystems and interactions between subsystems are formally modeled. In addition, we have created a generic template that is a specialized version of the VMA. This specialized template can then be adapted by the systems engineer to represent a specific vehicle program. In addition, pre-defined, generic analysis templates can be redefined for the specific vehicle program under analysis. The SysML VMA system model is transformed through two model transformations, one that translates the physical portion of the system to Modelica, and one that transforms the logical controls portion of the system to Simulink. By automating these transformations and reusing a set of fixed templates for further specialized architectures, this approach helps to manage the complexity, reduces modeling time by enabling system model reuse. The entire approach taken in this thesis has been named the Vehicle Architecture Modeling Framework, VAMF, which includes the SysML VMA, the corresponding analysis templates, and the tools developed to support this approach. Throughout this thesis, the specific (fictitious) vehicle program “C100” and a 0-to-100 kph performance analysis test are used as examples for demonstration.

L’originalité de notre travail consiste à développer une approche qui intègre l’ingénierie systèmes basée sur les modèles (MBSE) avec les principes de l’approche SBCE afin de réduire les boucles itératives entre les concepteurs inexpérimentés, les fabricants et les experts. D’autres parties prenantes participent également au développement du produit afin d’assurer environnement d’ingénierie simultanée. Cette approche offre un grand potentiel pour gérer les aspects de fabricabilité et de fiabilité, en raison de la capacité à développer des connaissances en parallèle, en particulier pour les technologies avancées et non matures. L’avantage d’utilisation des principes du SBCE est d’offrir des possibilités de communication entre les parties prenantes au début de la phase de conception. SysML est utilisé comme langage descriptif pour représenter les différentes phases de cette approche. Pour étudier la robustesse ces système, nous avons développé un modèle intitulé «Model Based for Robustness Analysis» (MBRA) qui a pour objectif de filtrer les solutions faibles ou coûteuses au fil du temps et d’assister l’ingénieur système lors de l'adoption d’une étude de compromis. Pour l’étude de la fabricabilité des systèmes complexes, nous avons développé un autre modèle intitulé « Model Based for Manufacturability analysis » / The originality of our work is to develop an approach that integrates model-based systems engineering (MBSE) with the principles of the SBCE approach to reduce iterative loops between inexperienced designers, manufacturers, and experts. Other stakeholders are also involved in product development to ensure simultaneous engineering environment. This approach offers great potential for managing manufacturability and reliability aspects, due to the ability to develop parallel knowledge, especially for advanced and non-mature technologies. The advantage of using SBCE principles is to provide opportunities for communication between stakeholders early in the design phase. SysML is used as a descriptive language to represent the different phases of this approach. To study the robustness of these systems, we have developed a model called "Model Based for Robustness Analysis" (MBRA) which aims to filter low or expensive solutions over time and to assist the system engineer when adopting a trade-offs study. For the assessment of the manufacturability of complex systems, we have developed another model entitled "Model Based for Manufacturability analysis"

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Systems Engineering is catching pace in many segments of product manufacturing industries. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is the formalized application of modeling to perform systems engineering activities. In order to effectively utilize the complete potential of MBSE, a methodology consisting of appropriate processes, methods and tools is a key necessity. In the last decade, several MBSE projects have been implemented in industries varying from aerospace and defense to automotive, healthcare and transportation. The Systems Modeling Language (SysML) standard has been a key enabler of these projects at many companies. Although SysML is capable of providing a rich representation of any system through various viewpoints, the journey towards adopting SysML to realize the true potential of MBSE has been a challenge. Among all, one of the common roadblocks faced by systems engineers across industries has been the software engineering-based nature of SysML which leads to difficulties in grasping the modeling concepts for people that do not possess a software engineering background. As a consequence, developing a system (or a system of systems) architecture model using SysML has been a challenging task for many engineers even after a decade of its inception and multiple successive iterations of the language specification. Being a modeling language, SysML is method-agnostic, but its associated limitations outweigh the advantages. ARCADIA (Architecture Analysis and Design Integrated Approach) is a systems and software architecture engineering method based on architecture-centric and model-based engineering activities. If applied properly, ARCADIA allows for a very effective way to model the architecture of multi-domain systems, and overcome many of the limitations faced in traditional SysML implementation. This thesis evaluates the architecture development capabilities of ARCADIA/Capella versus SysML following the Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM). The study focuses on the key equivalences and differences between the two MBSE solutions from a model development perspective and provides several criteria to evaluate their effectiveness for architecture development using a conceptual case of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). The evaluation is based on three perspectives namely, architecture quality, ability to support key process deliverables, and the overall methodology. Towards this end, an industry-wide survey of MBSE practitioners and thought leaders was conducted to identify several concerns in using models but also to validate the results of the study. The case study demonstrates how the ARCADIA/Capella approach addresses several challenges that are currently faced in SysML implementation. From a process point of view, ARCADIA/Capella and SysML equally support the provision of the key deliverable artifacts required in the systems engineering process. However, the candidate architectures developed using the two approaches show a considerable difference in various aspects such as the mapping of the form to function, creating functional architectures, etc. The ARCADIA/Capella approach allows to develop a ‘good’ system architecture representation efficiently and intuitively. The study also provides answers to several useful criteria pertaining to the overall candidate methodologies while serving as a practitioner’s reference in selecting the most suitable approach.

The main objective of this thesis is to introduce a four perspectives structure in order to provide one solution for traceability and dependability in the system design phase. The traceability between different perspectives help engineers have a clear picture of the whole system before goes to the real implementation.  Fuel Level Display system from Scania Truck is used to undertake as a case study to offer insights of the approach. A four perspectives structure is made in the first place in order to analysis traceability between different viewpoints. After implementing the Fuel Level Display system in Modelica, a verification scenario is specified to perform a complete requirement verification process for system design against requirements.

abstract: Hydrogen fuel cells have been previously investigated as a viable replacement to traditional gas turbine auxiliary power unit onboard fixed wing commercial jets. However, so far no study has attempted to extend their applicability to rotary wing aircrafts. To aid in the advancement of such innovative technologies, a holistic technical approach is required to ensure risk reduction and cost effectiveness throughout the product lifecycle. This paper will evaluate the feasibility of replacing a gas turbine auxiliary power unit on a helicopter with a direct hydrogen, air breathing, proton exchange membrane fuel cell, all while emphasizing a system engineering approach that utilize a specialized set of tools and artifacts. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Engineering 2016

During last decade UML have to face different tricky challenges. For instance as a single unified, general purpose modeling language it should offer simple and explicit semantic which can be applicable to wide range of domains. Due to significant shift of focus from software to system “software-centric” attitude of UML has been exposed. So need of certain domain specific language is always there which can address problems of system rather then software only i.e. motivation for SysML. In this thesis SysML is evaluated to analyze its suitability for system engineering applications. A evaluation criteria is established, through which appropriateness of SysML is observed over system development life cycle. The study is conducted by taking case example of real life i.e. automobile product. Results of research not only provide an opportunity to get inside into SysML architecture but also offer an idea of SysML appropriateness for multidisciplinary product development

<div><div><div><p>As technology advances, so does the complexity of engineering projects. Systems en- gineering has evolved with these technological advances as a means of coping with this complexity. Traditionally, systems engineers use separate documents to track all project in- formation. This trend continues today, as projects are becoming more complex than before and the traditional document based approach is now seen as time consuming and error prone. Model based Systems engineering (MBSE) is a systems engineering approach that seeks to incorporate all project information into a single source of truth that can be thought of as a model. However, there are several challenges that face widespread MBSE adoption, includ- ing data transfer incompatibilities between MBSE and engineering discipline models. These incompatibilities are a major focus of this thesis. One goal of this thesis is to demonstrate the addition of a translation framework between MBSE and the Modeling Architectures and Parameterization for Spacecraft (MAPS) environment. The translation framework takes information read from System Modeling Language (SysML) diagrams and converts it into a representation suitable for the MAPS environment. Adding a translation framework en- ables more rapid analysis of different architectures and allows more users to interact with the MAPS environment. This thesis also seeks a method by which to evaluate MBSE and systems engineering tools. A qualitative framework is created based on rigor in systems en- gineering. The rigor evaluation framework specifically targets weaknesses commonly found in MBSE to enable users to find better directions for these tools. The effectiveness of the translation framework is shown via a demonstration case. Additionally, the rigor evalua- tion framework is applied to the translation framework. This application results in several recommendations for improvements and demonstrates the evaluation framework’s ability to find and address problem areas in MBSE tools.</p></div></div></div>

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Systems Engineering is catching pace in many segments of product manufacturing industries. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is the formalized application of modeling to perform systems engineering activities. In order to effectively utilize the complete potential of MBSE, a methodology consisting of appropriate processes, methods and tools is a key necessity. In the last decade, several MBSE projects have been implemented in industries varying from aerospace and defense to automotive, healthcare and transportation. The Systems Modeling Language (SysML) standard has been a key enabler of these projects at many companies. Although SysML is capable of providing a rich representation of any system through various viewpoints, the journey towards adopting SysML to realize the true potential of MBSE has been a challenge. Among all, one of the common roadblocks faced by systems engineers across industries has been the software engineering-based nature of SysML which leads to difficulties in grasping the modeling concepts for people that do not possess a software engineering background. As a consequence, developing a system (or a system of systems) architecture model using SysML has been a challenging task for many engineers even after a decade of its inception and multiple successive iterations of the language specification. Being a modeling language, SysML is method-agnostic, but its associated limitations outweigh the advantages. ARCADIA (Architecture Analysis and Design Integrated Approach) is a systems and software architecture engineering method based on architecture-centric and model-based engineering activities. If applied properly, ARCADIA allows for a very effective way to model the architecture of multi-domain systems, and overcome many of the limitations faced in traditional SysML implementation. This thesis evaluates the architecture development capabilities of ARCADIA/Capella versus SysML following the Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM). The study focuses on the key equivalences and differences between the two MBSE solutions from a model development perspective and provides several criteria to evaluate their effectiveness for architecture development using a conceptual case of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). The evaluation is based on three perspectives namely, architecture quality, ability to support key process deliverables, and the overall methodology. Towards this end, an industry-wide survey of MBSE practitioners and thought leaders was conducted to identify several concerns in using models but also to validate the results of the study. The case study demonstrates how the ARCADIA/Capella approach addresses several challenges that are currently faced in SysML implementation. From a process point of view, ARCADIA/Capella and SysML equally support the provision of the key deliverable artifacts required in the systems engineering process. However, the candidate architectures developed using the two approaches show a considerable difference in various aspects such as the mapping of the form to function, creating functional architectures, etc. The ARCADIA/Capella approach allows to develop a ‘good’ system architecture representation efficiently and intuitively. The study also provides answers to several useful criteria pertaining to the overall candidate methodologies while serving as a practitioner’s reference in selecting the most suitable approach.

À l'ère de systèmes électroniques intégrés, les ingénieurs font face au défi de concevoir et de tester des systèmes hétérogènes contenant des parties analogiques, numériques, mécaniques et même du logiciel embarqué. Cela reste très difficile car il n'y a pas d'outil unifiant ces différents domaines de l’ingénierie. Ces systèmes, dits hétérogènes, ont leur comportement exprimées et spécifiés par plusieurs formalismes, chacun particulier à son domaine d'expertise (diagramme de machines à état pour les circuits de contrôle numérique, équations différentielles pour les modèles mécaniques, ou bien des réseaux de composants pour les circuits analogiques). Les outils de conception existants sont destinés à traiter des systèmes homogènes en utilisant un seul formalisme à la fois. Dans l'état actuel, l'industrie se bat avec des problèmes d'intégration à chaque étape de la conception, à savoir la spécification, la simulation, la validation et le déploiement. L'absence d'une approche qui comprend les spécifications des interfaces inter-domaines est souvent la cause des problèmes d'intégration de différentes parties d'un système hétérogène. Cette thèse propose une approche pour faire face à l'hétérogénéité en utilisant SysML comme outil fédérateur. Notre proposition repose sur la définition d'une sémantique explicite pour les diagrammes SysML ainsi que des éléments d'adaptation sémantiques capables d'enlever les ambiguïtés dans les interfaces multi-domaines. Pour démontrer l'efficacité de ce concept, un ensemble d'outils basés sur l'ingénierie dirigé par les modèles a été construit pour générer du code exécutable automatiquement à partir des spécifications. / In the era of highly integrated electronics systems, engineers face the challenge of designing and testing multi-faceted systems with single-domain tools. This is difficult and error-prone. These so called heterogeneous systems have their operation and specifications expressed by several formalisms, each one particular to specific domains or engineering fields (software, digital hardware, analog, etc.). Existing design tools are meant to deal with homogeneous designs using one formalism at a time. In the current state, industry is forced to battle with integration issues at every design step, i.e. specification, simulation, validation and deployment. Common divide-to-conquer approaches do not include cross-domain interface specification from the beginning of the project. This lack is often the cause of issues and rework while trying to connect parts of the system that were not designed with the same formalism. This thesis proposes an approach to deal with heterogeneity by embracing it from the beginning of the project using SysML as the unifying tool. Our proposal hinges on the assignment of well-defined semantics to SysML diagrams, together with semantic adaptation elements. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this concept, a toolchain is built and used to generate systems simulation executable code automatically from SysML specifications for different target languages using model driven engineering techniques.