Beginning in the 1970s, and aided by the advancement and an increased prevalence of computers, spectral music emerged as an important development in twentieth century music. Spectral composers, as exemplified by Gérard Grisey and Tristan Murail, took the harmonic spectra of sounds as the fundamental materials of composition. The resulting music placed an emphasis on texture and gradually evolving forms. The generation of composers immediately following the spectralists assimilated their techniques into distinct and varying styles. Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho uses spectral techniques to create an aesthetic that generates form and progression from a sound/noise axis. In her piece Du cristal…à la fumée, a number of pendulum and half-pendulum gestures build up texture and form. The accompanying original composition Axiom Unearthed employs similar pendulum gestures and uses spectral techniques to generate melody and harmony in an aesthetic divergent from traditional spectral pieces.

abstract: The works of premier Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho demonstrate a fascination with the exploration and expansion of timbral possibilities. This project explores Laconisme de l'aile and NoaNoa, the only two of her works written for solo C-flute. Saariaho has developed a unique compositional style for the flute, characterized by extremes of color which are expressed through extended techniques such as the integration of the voice, with and without text, into the music, the exploration of "noise," the transformation between different timbres, and the use of electronic effects. Laconisme de l'aile (1982) is a dramatic and passionate work filled with lyrical gestures and intriguing timbres with optional electronic effects, and is an excellent introduction to the composer's writing for the flute. NoaNoa (1992) is characteristic of her mature compositional style. Like many of her later works, the electronic aspect of the work is integral to the piece. Saariaho's exploration of the timbral spectrum of the flute has resulted in a complex and unusual style of notation, making these works somewhat inaccessible for performers. Additionally, the technological requirements for NoaNoa make the work both intimidating and impossible to perform without either extensive technical knowledge or consultation with someone who has the necessary technical expertise. Through a detailed performance guide and reference recordings of both works, this project aims to make these two works accessible. All technical specifications are explained and the performance instructions address notation as well execution of all designated effects. Additionally, instructions for the electronic portion of NoaNoa allow flutists to perform the work with minimal assistance. / Dissertation/Thesis / Reference recording for NoaNoa / Reference recording for Laconisme de l'aile / Reference recording for Laconisme de l'aile with electronics / D.M.A. Music 2013

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-01T19:33:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FredericoArantesNable_DISSERT.pdf: 898485 bytes, checksum: 6e98b154b756c77b06de731a02976916 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-07T00:07:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FredericoArantesNable_DISSERT.pdf: 898485 bytes, checksum: 6e98b154b756c77b06de731a02976916 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T00:07:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FredericoArantesNable_DISSERT.pdf: 898485 bytes, checksum: 6e98b154b756c77b06de731a02976916 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-12 / A pe?a Sept Papillons de Kaija Saariaho ? considerada uma obra de destaque na produ??o atual para violoncelo. O presente trabalho busca contextualiz?-la e oferecer reflex?es sobre as dificuldades t?cnicas encontradas em seu estudo, discorrendo tamb?m sobre conceitos importantes para a interpreta??o. Como procedimento metodol?gico foram estudados autores como MOISALA (2009) e VICTORIO (2015) que d?o fundamenta??o ao entendimento do processo composicional e ? an?lise dos gestos propostos pela compositora. Em um segundo momento foi realizada uma entrevista com Natasha Farny, uma violoncelista reconhecida por sua performance da obra, a qual utilizamos como refer?ncia junto ? performance da coreana Seung Ri Jung e a grava??o do violoncelista Anssi Karttunen, a quem foi dedicada a pe?a. Concomitantemente ao estudo do material bibliogr?fico e realiza??o das entrevistas, a pe?a foi trabalhada e apresentada no ?mbito do PPGMUS-UFRN. A experi?ncia obtida pelos recitais e pela pesquisa da obra resultou em sugest?es para violoncelistas interessados no estudo e na performance da mesma. / Sept Papillons by Kaija Saariaho is a relevant piece in the contemporary cello repertoire. This research aims to study the context of the piece and approaches the technical and musical challenges presented in the work. As a methodological procedure, authors like MOISALA (2009) and VICTORIO (2015) were studied, giving basis to the understanding of the compositional process and to the analysis of the gestures proposed by the composer. Following, an interview was carried out with Natasha Farny, a cellist recognized for her performance of the work and utilized as reference, together with the Korean cellist Seung Ri Jung?s performance and the recording of Anssi Karttunen, to whom the piece was dedicated. Whilst the research of the bibliographical material and the interviews were taking place, the piece was studied and performed at the Masters of Music Program at UFRN. The experience obtained by the recitals and the research resulted in suggestions for cellists interested in its study and performance.

The purpose of this study is to examine Kaija Saariaho's song cycle Quatre Instants for soprano and piano and to present a possible interpretation of it. I have made an analysis of the song cycle, which focuses mainly on the relation between the song text and the piano part. This has led to forming a detailed interpretation of the song cycle. The study contains also Saariaho's biography in order to support the analysis with background information. Both the background information and the analysis have immensely influenced upon my interpretation of the song cycle. / <p>The sounding part of the work consists of the following recording: ljud. The Corona virus situation spring semester 2020 has caused limitations in the recording possibilities. The recording is archived and may be supplemented. </p>

Cette thèse étudie trois compositeurs reliés autour du courant « musiquespectrale » dont les pensées et les oeuvres sont fortement marquées dans un premiertemps par la prise de conscience de la nature « dynamique » du son : Giacinto Scelsi,Gérard Grisey et Kaija Saariaho, trois compositeurs représentant trois périodesdifférentes dans l’histoire du courant spectral. Dans leurs oeuvres et leurs écritsthéoriques, plusieurs questions s’élèvent ou dérivent de la conception « énergétique »du matériau et dépassent le simple cadre de celui-ci : la perception, la forme, le tempsmusical, l’expressivité, le rapport à la tradition, etc. Plus généralement, une questionessentielle se pose : qu’est-ce qui existe au-delà du son, au-delà de l’énergie àl’intérieur du son ?Pour répondre à cette question, cette recherche se base sur des analyses deplusieurs oeuvres de ces trois compositeurs tout en gardant à l’esprit la conceptionadornienne du matériau qui met en cause l’idée « naturaliste » de celui-ci et l’idée du« son » isolé comme auto-suffisant. Plusieurs catégories, comme « médiation »,« articulation », « tradition », « histoire », « culture/nature », entrent en jeu. Ainsi,cette étude est parvenue à mettre en relief trois différentes « esthétiques » qui sedéveloppent à partir d’une base commune de « l’énergie sonore » comme porteuse dela forme musicale — l’esthétique de l’énergie sonore, l’esthétique du processus, etl’esthétique de l’expression, trois esthétiques qui semblent montrer une évolution versune « interpénétration de l’énergétique et de la sémiotique ». / This thesis studies three composers connected around the "spectral music" andwhose thoughts and works are strongly marked at first by the awareness of the"dynamic" nature of sound: Giacinto Scelsi, Gérard Grisey and Kaija Saariaho, threecomposers representing three different periods in the history of the spectral current. Intheir works and their theoretical writings, several questions arise or derive from the"energetic" conception of the material and go beyond the framework of the material:perception, form, musical time, expressivity, relation to the tradition, etc. Moregenerally, an essential question arises: what exists beyond the sound, beyond theenergy within the sound?To answer this question, this research analyses several works by the threecomposers while keeping in mind the adornian conception of material whichquestions the "naturalist" idea of material and the idea of an isolated sound as selfsufficient.Several categories, such as "mediation", "articulation", "tradition","history", "culture / nature" come into play. Thus, this study has managed to highlightthree different "aesthetics" that develop from a common base of "sound energy" as thebearer of musical form — the aesthetics of sound energy, the aesthetics of process,and the aesthetics of expression, three aesthetics that seem to show an evolutiontowards an "interpenetration of the energetics and the semiotics".

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:06:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 122589.pdf: 1721483 bytes, checksum: 40c586c4f8cab8d2fc6ce42449d38024 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation presents a musical analysis and discusses some interpretative aspects of the piece Sept Papillons (2000) for solo cello, by the Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho (1952). A broad contextualization is presented in which we approached the composer s history, its main compositional characteristics, its aesthetic influences, the inter-relations between subjectivity and music making in her work, her gendered position in music and the importance of personal collaborations on the developing of her cello work. Musical analysis is preceded by the context of the piece, its situation on the cello repertoire, its influences and main characteristics. Due to the predominant use of natural harmonics a transcription of the original score is displayed. Musical analysis is then presented through the approach of formal and structural aspects. Research on the pitch, rhythmic, texture, timbral, gestures, instrumental and visual (metaphorical) dimensions of the piece is presented. Relations are established between the Sept Papillons building and Saariaho´s compositional processes. Technical and interpretative aspects of Sept Papillons performance and practice are addressed in dialogue with texts by performers and musicologists that work with her works and also through five interviews with cellists who have been played Sept Papillons in high level performances and recordings. It is observed the place of the body in music performance, on the sophisticated coordination on instrumental actions necessary for the performance. It is seen that Saariaho expands both the cello technique and the cello writing. Our work is justified by the contributions made to the field of knowledge on Kaija Saariaho, on analysis and performance of the contemporary repertoire, and on cello technique and cello music. / Esta dissertação apresenta uma análise musical e aborda alguns aspectos interpretativos da peça Sept Papillons (2000) para violoncelo solo, da compositora finlandesa Kaija Saariaho (1952). É apresentada uma ampla contextualização da compositora na qual abordamos sua trajetória, suas principais características composicionais, suas influências estéticas, as inter-relações entre subjetividade e fazer musical em sua obra, sua condição de gênero na música e a importância de colaborações pessoais no desenvolvimento de sua obra para violoncelo. A análise musical é precedida pela contextualização da peça, sua localização no repertório violoncelístico, suas influências e principais características. Por conta do predominante uso de harmônicos naturais uma transcrição da partitura original é apresentada. A análise musical é então realizada através da abordagem de aspectos formais e estruturais da investigação da dimensão das alturas, das dimensões rítmica, textural, tímbrica, gestual, instrumental e imagética (metafórica). São estabelecidas relações entre a construção de Sept Papillons e os processos composicionais de Saariaho. Aspectos técnicos e interpretativos da performance de Sept Papillons são abordados, em diálogo com textos de intérpretes e musicólogos (as) que trabalham com as obras da compositora e também através de cinco entrevistas realizadas com intérpretes que já apresentaram Sept Papillons em performances e gravações de alta qualidade. É observado o lugar do corpo na performance, na coordenação de sofisticadas ações instrumentais necessárias e também de que forma Saariaho expande a técnica e a escrita violoncelística. Nosso trabalho se justifica pelas contribuições oferecidas ao campo de conhecimento sobre Kaija Saariaho, sobre análise e performance do repertório contemporâneo e sobre técnica e interpretação do violoncelo.

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This thesis introduces the modern flute techniques used in the solo flute piece Laconisme de l’aile by Kaija Saariaho. The purpose is to find ways to excecute the techniques so that they serve the music in the best way. The techniques are divided in five groups based on how they are excecuted: effects made with the mouth, changing the timbre, multiphonics, effects made by fingers and diffenent sounds by blowing. As an attachment there is a recording of the piece and how the techniques sound in the context. At the end of the process it has been evaluated, if the modern techniques help with the ordinary flute playing as well. / <p>A recording of Laconisme de l'aile by Kaija Saariaho</p>

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