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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Rinoplastia estrutural com cartilagem costal em pacientes de hanseníase

Naves, Marcell de Melo 11 April 2013 (has links)
Introduction: Social reintegration is one of the most challenge for those affected by saddle nose deformity due to leprosy. The nasal reconstruction becomes extremely important in the rehabilitation of disfigured victims. This study aimed to describe the technique of structural rhinoplasty with autologous costal cartilage for nasal reconstruction in patients with saddle nose deformity due to leprosy and evaluate the aesthetic results, functional and patient. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted evaluating 10 patients with lepromatous leprosy, who had saddle nose, followed at the National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy (CREDESH) / HC / UFU, who underwent structural rhinoplasty with costal cartilage graft, which had already been discharged from polychemotherapy and there were at least one year without leprosy reaction. Results: The preoperative symptoms were, more common, aesthetic complaints and nasal obstruction (100%), followed by nasal crusting (80%), epistaxis (70%) and nasal whistling (20%). After surgery, there was an improvement in nasal obstruction in 70% of patients, nasal crusts in 87.5%, and epistaxis in 85.7% of patients. Corrections of external nasal valve dysfunction were achieved in 100% of patients. Columellar retraction and asymmetry of the nasal tip were observed in 80% and 90% of patients. In total, 62.5% and 55.5% of patients showed improvement after surgery, respectively. The increase of the nasal dorsum was performed with en block graft of costal cartilage, and diced cartilage wrapped in fascia. The resorption and diversion of cartilage grafts were minimal and did not result in significant changes in patient satisfaction. Conclusion: structural rhinoplasty with costal cartilage grafts permits a good quantity of cartilage in the manufacture of allowing a safe nasal reconstruction of the saddle nose due to leprosy. The use of diced cartilage wrapped with temporal fascia increased the nasal dorsum in patients with saddle nose by leprosy and showed a lower risk of twisting and allowed a more natural appearance to the nasal dorsum with satisfactory result. The septal L-strut reconstruction was essential in structuring the nose leading to good functional outcome, improvement of nasal patency, as well as decreased postoperative scar retraction at the post-operative time. According to the degree of satisfaction, patients reported improvement in quality of life and greater social acceptance due to good functional and aesthetic results with increased nasal patency. / Introdução: A reintegração social é o maior desfio para aqueles afetados pela deformidade de nariz em sela devido a hanseníase. A reconstrução nasal torna-se extremamente importante na reabilitação dos doentes desfigurados. Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a aplicação da técnica de rinoplastia estrutural com enxerto autólogo de cartilagem costal para reconstrução nasal de pacientes com nariz em sela devido à hanseníase e avaliar os resultados estéticos, funcionais e de satisfação do paciente. Casuística e Métodos: Um estudo descritivo foi realizado avaliando-se 10 pacientes com hanseníase virchowiana, que apresentavam nariz em sela, acompanhados no Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase (CREDESH)/HC/UFU, e que foram submetidos a rinoplastia estrutural com enxerto de cartilagem costal, que já haviam recebido alta da poliquimioterapia e estavam há pelo menos um ano sem reação hansênica. Resultados: Os sintomas pré-operatórios mais comuns foram obstrução nasal e queixas estéticas (100%), seguidos por crostas nasais (80%), epistaxe (70%) e sibilos nasais (20%). Após a cirurgia, houve uma melhora da obstrução nasal em 70% dos pacientes, das crostas nasais em 87,5%, e da epistaxe em 85,7% dos pacientes. Correções das disfunções da valva nasal externa foram alcançadas em 100% dos pacientes. Retração columelar e assimetria da ponta nasal foram observados em 80% e 90% dos pacientes. No total, 62,5% e 55,5% dos pacientes mostraram melhora após a cirurgia, respectivamente. O aumento de dorso foi realizado com enxerto em bloco de cartilagem costal e o enxerto de cartilagem picada enrolado em fáscia. A reabsorção e desvio dos enxertos de cartilagem foram mínimos e não resultaram mudanças significantes na satisfação dos pacientes. Conclusão: A rinoplastia estrutural com enxerto de cartilagem costal permitiu que houvesse uma quantidade suficiente de cartilagem para a confecção dos enxertos, permitindo uma estruturação de maneira segura com reconstrução das estruturas do nariz em sela devido à hanseníase. A utilização do enxerto de cartilagem costal picada coberta por fáscia temporal para aumento do dorso nasal nos pacientes com nariz em sela por hanseníase apresentou menor risco de torção da cartilagem e permitiu um aspecto mais natural ao dorso nasal com resultado estético satisfatório. A reconstrução do suporte em L septal foi fundamental para a estruturação do nariz levando a bom resultado funcional, pela melhora da permeabilidade nasal, assim como a diminuição da retração cicatricial no pós operatório.Quanto ao grau de satisfação, os pacientes referiram melhora da qualidade de vida e maior aceitação social devido ao bom resultado estético e funcional com aumento da permeabilidade nasal. / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
2

Etude du comportement d'un implant BCP pour la réparation du septum nasal

Le Taillandier de Gabory, Ludovic 04 May 2010 (has links)
Le septum nasal joue un rôle prépondérant dans la croissance de l’étage moyen de la face et la physiologie ventilatoire. Sa solidité, sa rectitude et sa position sagittale sont déterminantes pour percevoir un confort respiratoire diurne et nocturne. Vulnérable aux traumatismes de part sa projection antérieure, la destruction ou l’inefficience de son squelette entraîne une demande de réparation fonctionnelle et esthétique. Dans les cas les plus sévères, le remplacement tissulaire fait appel à des volumineux greffons autologues pour lesquels la morbidité du site donneur et leurs imperfections propres restent un écueil. Pour les remplacer, certains biomatériaux ont été essayés de manière empirique sans donner de résultats fiables. Le premier objectif de notre travail été d’évaluer le comportement d’un implant phosphocalcique biphasique pour la reconstruction du septum nasal afin d’éviter ces greffons tout en répondant aux objectifs biofonctionnels locaux, au contact d’un milieu septique et susceptible d’être exposé aux particules aéroportées de l’environnement. Le deuxième objectif était d’évaluer la cytotoxicité des nanotubes de carbone à double paroi sur des cellules de l’arbre respiratoire, premier organe concerné par une exposition potentielle lors de leur fabrication. Par la suite, les résultats de ces deux sujets différents ont été utilisés de manière synergique pour répondre au troisième objectif qui était, d’évaluer l’influence des nanotubes de carbone sur la cicatrisation du septum nasal en présence ou non de l’implant phosphocalcique. / The nasal septum plays a paramount role in the growth of the face and respiratory physiology. Its solidity, its straightness and its sagittal position are determining to perceive a diurnal and night respiratory comfort. Vulnerable to the traumas, the destruction or the inefficiency of its skeleton involves request for a functional and aesthetic repair. In severe cases, the tissue replacement requires large autologous grafts for which the morbidity of the donor site and their own imperfections remain a problem. To replace them, certain biomaterials were tested in an empirical way without giving reliable results. The primary goal of our work was to evaluate the behaviour of a biphasic phosphocalcic implant to repair nasal septum in order to avoid these grafts with an adapted biofunctional implant, exposed to the septic nasal content and the airborne particles of the environment. The second objective was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the double wall carbon nanotubes on epithelial respiratory cells, first organ concerned by a potential exposure during their manufacture. Thereafter, the results of these two different subjects were used in a synergistic way to answer the third objective which was, to evaluate the influence of the carbon nanotubes on the cicatrization of the nasal septum in presence or not of the phosphocalcic implant.

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